Deck 28: Toxicology

Question 1

The deliberate, persistent, and excessive self-administration of a substance in a way that is not medically or socially approved is known as

A) substance addiction.
B) substance misuse.
C) substance overuse.
D) substance abuse.

Answer 1

substance abuse.

Question 2

A common sign of poisoning is

A) burns around the mouth.
B) severe agitation.
C) increased heart rate.
D) dilated pupils.

Answer 2

burns around the mouth.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about poisoning is correct?

A) Most poisonings involve prescription and OTC medications.
B) More than 75% of poisonings occur by ingestion.
C) Most poisonings involve combinations of substances.
D) More than 50% of poisonings occur in children 6 to 8 years of age.

Answer 3

More than 75% of poisonings occur by ingestion.

Question 4

A condition produced when a person stops using or abusing a drug is known as

A) tolerance.
B) toxin release.
C) addiction.
D) withdrawal.

Question 5

SLUDGEM signs and symptoms are associated with what type of toxidrome?

A) Sedative
B) Opioid
C) Cholinergic
D) Sympathomimetic

Question 6

You are responding to an emergency call for a woman who is concerned that her 16 year old son has taken some of her prescription Demerol. Which symptoms should you expect to see if the son ingested Demerol?

A) Low blood pressure and constricted pupils
B) Dilated pupils and agitation
C) Hallucinations and blurred vision
D) Increased heart rate and seizures

Question 7

You have arrived at a scene where friends of an 18 year old woman are concerned that she has been exposed to GHB. Symptoms you should look for include

A) decreased body temperature and slurred speech.
B) sweating and seizures.
C) agitation and gastrointestinal distress.
D) increased respiration and salivation.

Question 8

Your 34 year old male patient is hallucinating and combative. You also notice that he is sweating profusely and is shaking. From these signs and symptoms, you should suspect

A) barbiturate abuse.
B) stimulant abuse.
C) narcotic abuse.
D) depressant abuse.

Question 9

Which of the following symptoms distinguish delirium tremens from alcohol withdrawal?

A) Irritability and anxiety
B) Agitation and confusion
C) Vomiting and nausea
D) Shaking and sleeplessness

Question 10

Which of the following statements about benzodiazepines is correct?

A) Benzodiazepine medications have similar indications and durations of effect.
B) Benzodiazepine medications commonly cause respiratory depression.
C) Benzodiazepine withdrawal may cause seizures and death.
D) Benzodiazepine overdose may anxiety and tremors.

Question 11

Your 17 year old male patient seems confused, has an increased heart rate, flushed face, and repeats that his mouth is numb. What type of substance might be causing his signs and symptoms?

A) Barbiturate
B) Narcotic
C) Hallucinogen
D) Alcohol

Question 12

Rapid, jerky eye movements, a condition known as nystagmus, is associated with exposure to

A) amphetamines.
B) narcotics.
C) organophosphates.
D) sedatives.

Question 13

Your 23 year old female patient is sitting on the floor of her living room, humming to herself and her mouth is full of unidentified pills. You should

A) put on gloves and gently remove the pills from her mouth.
B) take the pills out of her mouth while a crew member restrains her.
C) ask a family member to help remove the pills.
D) tell the patient that she needs to spit out the pills.

Question 14

Side effects associated with activated charcoal include:

A) loss of appetite and nausea
B) burping and gastrointestinal gas
C) abdominal cramping and constipation
D) chalky stools and colored urine

Question 15

The most common cause of death from a poisonous gas is due to

A) carbon dioxide exposure.
B) carbon monoxide exposure.
C) Freon exposure.
D) ammonia exposure.

Question 16

Your 36 year old male patient is complaining that his legs are red and itching. His breathing is adequate, and you suspect that he has absorbed some type of poison. In this instance, the correct protocol for oxygen administration is to

A) administer oxygen with a non-rebreather mask at 5L/min.
B) withhold oxygen administration and continue to monitor the patient.
C) administer oxygen with a non-rebreather mask at 15L/min.
D) provide positive-pressure ventilation with 100% oxygen.

Question 17

A contraindication for the use of activated charcoal is if the patient

A) has an altered mental status.
B) has abdominal cramping.
C) is less than 3 years of age.
D) is suffering from nausea.

Question 18

Caffeine is an example of what type of toxidrome?

A) Cholinergic
B) Narcotic
C) Anticholinergic
D) Sympathomimetic

Question 19

Which of the following statements about Disulfiram is true?

A) Reactions from combining Disulfiram with alcohol usually last more than 24 hours.
B) Disulfiram will not react with topical skin products that contain alcohol.
C) Disulfiram is an over-the-counter medication which helps with alcoholism treatment.
D) If Disulfiram is combined with alcohol a patient may suffer from cardiac arrest.

Question 20

Methadone is a type of

A) hypnotic.
B) sedative.
C) cholinergic.
D) opioid.

Question 21

Which of the following statements regarding a poison control center is correct?

A) Poison control centers may provide advice regarding emergency care for patients.
B) Poison control centers can be used in place of medical direction in an emergency.
C) Poison control centers are generally available for public use and should not be used by EMS personnel.
D) Poison control centers are open on all days except Thanksgiving and Christmas.

Question 22

You are treating a patient who has signs and symptoms associated with a toxic exposure, and you smell an odor that reminds you of bitter almonds. From this odor, you suspect that the patient may have been exposed to

A) arsenic.
B) jimson weed.
C) cyanide.
D) insecticides.

Question 23

A 32 year old woman uses prescription pain medication to treat pain associated with lupus. Over time, she requires larger doses of the pain medication to treat her pain. What condition is causing her to require larger doses of the medication?

A) Dependence
B) Withdrawal
C) Resistance
D) Tolerance

Question 24

Which of the following is an example of an Opioid narcotic?

A) Ecstasy
B) Cocaine
C) Alcohol
D) Codeine

Question 25

You arrive at a scene where a 23 year old male is exhibiting slurred speech, confusing, respiratory depression, decreased temperature and pupil dilation. From these symptoms it is possible that he is suffering from what type of toxidrome?

A) Cholinergic
B) Opioid
C) Sedative
D) Sympathomimetic

Question 26

You arrive at an emergency scene where a 7 year old female is exhibiting signs and symptoms which include vomiting, loss of bowel control, pupil constriction and salivation. She could be suffering from exposure to

A) antihistamines.
B) barbiturates.
C) organophosphates.
D) amphetamines.

Question 27

You are examining a 27 year old female who is suffering from confusion, hallucinations and blurred vision. You notice that she has warm flushed skin and dilated pupils. From these signs and symptoms, it is possible that she could be suffering from an overdose of a(n)

A) nerve agent.
B) tricyclic antidepressant.
C) benzodiazepine.
D) amphetamine.

Question 28

Antabuse is a prescription medication that is intended to help treat

A) heroin addiction.
B) morphine addiction.
C) cocaine addiction.
D) alcohol addiction.

Question 29

Which of the following statements about alcohol withdrawal syndrome is true?

A) Seizures associated with alcohol withdrawal generally appear three to four days after the last drink.
B) Alcohol withdrawal syndrome usually occurs within two hours after an alcoholic stops drinking.
C) Alcohol withdrawal syndrome may cause hallucinations, vomiting and seizures but it is not fatal.
D) Delirium tremens may occur one to fourteen days after an alcoholic reduces alcohol consumption.

Question 30

A benzodiazepine may be prescribed to control anxiety, aid sleep, relax muscles, and to control seizures. Another type of medication prescribed for similar purposes is a

A) narcotic.
B) cholinergic.
C) opioid.
D) barbiturate.

Question 31

Designer drugs are

A) produced from recipes using common household chemicals.
B) produced from federally controlled substances.
C) created using over-the-counter medications.
D) created using a combination of illegal narcotic drugs.

Question 32

Cigarettes and tobacco products are examples of

A) intentional poisons.
B) ingested poisons.
C) inhaled poisons.
D) absorbed poisons.

Question 33

You arrive on a scene where a 12 year old female is suffering from a reaction to an absorbed poison, and upon arrival you see a powdery residue on her arms. What should you do in this instance?

A) Rinse the powder off with water.
B) Leave the powder alone.
C) Apply a protective ointment on her arms.
D) Brush the powder off of her arms.

Question 34

You are at an emergency scene where a 17 year old male is inside a home and suffering from severe reactions caused by an inhaled poison. What should you do in this instance?

A) Open doors and windows before treating the patient in the home.
B) Put on a mask and quickly remove the patient from the home.
C) Treat the patient in the home as long as you cannot detect an odor.
D) Wait for trained rescuers to remove the patient from the home.

Question 35

Which of the following statements about inhalants is correct?

A) Ammonia is the most common cause of inhalant deaths.
B) Illegal use of inhalants is also known as huffing.
C) People cannot suffer inhaled poisons from cosmetic products.
D) Inhalants can cause sudden death due to heart failure.

Question 36

A 6 year old female has exposed one of her eyes to a toxin. You need to the flush the toxin out and during this process you should

A) flush her eye with clean water for at least 5 minutes.
B) ask her to cover the unaffected eye while you flush the contaminated eye.
C) cover both of her eyes with moistened eye pads when flushing is complete.
D) ask her to keep her eye open and avoid blinking while you are flushing it.