Deck 22: Cardiovascular Disorders

Question 1

Where does the heart muscle obtain its own supply of oxygen-rich blood?

A) From the carotid arteries
B) From the aorta
C) From the coronary arteries
D) From the pulmonary arteries

Answer 1

From the coronary arteries

Question 2

Which is the Great cardiac vein?

A) 4
B) 3
C) 2
D) 1

Answer 2

4

Question 3

Blood in the right ventricle is pumped immediately to the

A) pulmonary veins.
B) pulmonary arteries.
C) left ventricle.
D) left atrium.

Answer 3

pulmonary arteries.

Question 4

Which is a nonmodifiable risk factor for heart disease?

A) Increasing age
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Depression
D) Obesity

Question 5

Patients with a myocardial infarction most often report that their pain is

A) in the upper abdomen.
B) under the breastbone.
C) through the neck.
D) down the arms and legs.

Question 6

Which is the most important life-saving factor for somebody experiencing an acute coronary syndrome?

A) The time elapsed between the onset of symptoms and start of treatment.
B) The patient's ability to recognize symptoms and report them to EMS.
C) The doctor's ability to successfully graft healthy tissue into the blockage.
D) The physical fitness of the patient and his cardiac health.

Question 7

Which patient is the highest priority?

A) A man experiencing widespread chest pain with a systolic blood pressure of 94.
B) A man with chest pain who says that it "usually happens after running."
C) A woman diagnosed with congestive heart failure who has swelling in her ankles.
D) A responsive diabetic woman with a blood pressure of 129/90.

Question 8

The acronym MONA stands for

A) Metabolism, Oxygen, Nutrients, Allergies.
B) Myocardium, Obstruction, Nodes, Aorta.
C) Morphine, Obstruction, Nodes, Allergies.
D) Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin.

Question 9

The chain of survival includes

A) early access, early drugs, early oxygen, and early advanced care.
B) early oxygen, early drugs, early CPR, and early defibrillation.
C) early CPR, early transportation, early oxygen, and early defibrillation.
D) early access, early CPR, early defibrillation, and early advanced care.

Question 10

Which describes the ideal placement of the hands when giving chest compressions to an adult?

A) Place only one hand with the palm down and open, over the top of the patient's chest.
B) Place two hands with the fingers interlocked, over the top of the patient's chest.
C) Place the heel of one hand with the other hand on top, over the center of the patient's chest.
D) Place the heels of both hands together and down, over the center of the patient's chest.

Question 11

A 7 year old child is apneic but has a pulse. How many rescue breaths should you give?

A) 2-3
B) 5-6
C) 12-20
D) 10-12

Question 12

Most automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in use today will

A) advise the rescuer of which steps to take.
B) need manual input of vital signs before shocking.
C) automatically assess and shock the patient.
D) require the rescuer to manually operate all functions.

Question 13

After the automated external defibrillator (AED) delivers a shock, you should

A) resume CPR beginning with chest compressions.
B) resume CPR beginning with rescue breaths.
C) allow the AED to reassess the patient's heart rhythm.
D) allow the AED to deliver a secondary shock.

Question 14

Which is an acceptable situation to stop CPR?

A) You discover the patient has a diabetes bracelet.
B) You have used an AED and there is no change in heart rhythm.
C) You feel light-headed and tired from the exertion.
D) You believe that the patient has no chance of survival.

Question 15

In the heart, automaticity means

A) the automatic production of electricity by heart cells.
B) the automatic circulation of blood to the heart muscle.
C) the automatic resetting of the heart in the event of fibrillation.
D) the automatic regulation of oxygen volume in the blood.

Question 16

What are the common arteries in which to feel a pulse?

A) The subclavian, radial, femoral, and brachial arteries
B) The dorsalis pedis, tibial, carotid, and subclavian arteries
C) The brachial, carotid, radial, and femoral arteries
D) The aorta, subclavian, tibial, and dorsalis pedis arteries

Question 17

Which is the liquid part of the blood?

A) Hemoglobin
B) Platelets
C) Plasma
D) Erythrocytes

Question 18

What is atherosclerosis?

A) The narrowing of the large and medium size arteries due to plaque buildup.
B) The arterial supply does not meet the heart's normal demand for oxygen.
C) The narrowing or blockage of a coronary artery resulting in oxygen deprivation.
D) The hardening of the arterial walls and a loss of tissue elasticity.

Question 19

Which is a cause of secondary hypertension?

A) Migraines
B) Bulemia
C) Epilepsy
D) Obesity

Question 20

Your 48 year old coworker says she has indigestion and nausea, and feels a "burning sensation" in her chest. You note that she is pale, sweaty, and seems very agitated. You should

A) have another coworker call 9-1-1 and ask for ALS.
B) have her lie on the floor with her feet slightly elevated.
C) have her take several deep breaths and reassess her vital signs.
D) have her take an over-the-counter antacid and a glass of water.

Question 21

Which of the following factors increase the risk of heart disease?

A) Strenuous exercise
B) Tobacco smoke
C) Over sleeping
D) Vitamin C deficiency

Question 22

The common term "heart attack" is medically referred to as

A) Congestive heart failure
B) Unstable angina pectoris
C) Myocardial infarction
D) Coronary artery disease

Question 23

Your 65 year old male patient is complaining of "chest pressure" that radiates to his left elbow and shortness of breath. He is pale and his hands are cool to the touch. A bystander has already called 9-1-1. You should

A) check his blood pressure while he is standing then transport.
B) apply an automated external defibrillator (AED).
C) ask the patient to "bear down" and take several deep breaths.
D) administer 100% oxygen via non-rebreather mask.

Question 24

Your unresponsive patient's breathing is labored at 10 breaths per minute, and his systolic blood pressure is 80 mmHg. His wife tells you that he was complaining of chest pain before collapsing. You should

A) administer oxygen via a rebreather mask.
B) inquire further about the patient's medical history.
C) call an ALS team and wait for their arrival.
D) expedite transport to the nearest suitable hospital.

Question 25

Your patient is complaining of chest pain. In addition to performing a physical exam of the chest, you should also examine the

A) head.
B) abdomen.
C) face.
D) extremities.

Question 26

Your 45 year old patient is complaining of chest pain and shortness of breath. She tells you that she wants to walk downstairs to wait for the ALS ambulance outside in the fresh air. You should

A) open a window and slowly walk her over, monitoring changes in her pulse rate.
B) assess her standing blood pressure and, if permissible, have her walk downstairs.
C) convince her to remain seated and wait for the arrival of advanced life support.
D) assist her to the building's elevator and continue to monitor her while you wait outside.

Question 27

What is the most important thing that you can do for your patient, while waiting for an AED, if you cannot detect a pulse or respirations?

A) Find a blanket and elevate the patient's legs.
B) Hold the patient's c-spine in a neutral position.
C) Assist the patient's breathing with a bag valve mask.
D) Perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Question 28

Your 89 year old female patient is in cardiac arrest. Her daughter asks you to "save" her, but the patient's son says that the patient has a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order. He does not know where the official DNR paperwork is. You should

A) respect the DNR and ask the son to document his refusal of care.
B) call 9-1-1 and ask the dispatcher how you should proceed.
C) begin performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
D) ask the son to find the DNR before you treat the patient.

Question 29

Why is it important to let the patient's chest recoil between compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)?

A) To allow blood to flow into the heart and air to flow into the lungs.
B) To lessen the risk of breaking the patient's ribs during CPR.
C) To allow you to watch for the return of spontaneous breathing.
D) To decrease your fatigue and help you perform better CPR.

Question 30

When delivering CPR to an adult patient, you should perform chest compressions at a rate of how many per minute?

A) 100
B) 80
C) 60
D) 120

Question 31

For infants, the ratio of chest compressions to rescue breaths is

A) 25:2
B) 20:2
C) 35:2
D) 30:2

Question 32

What is the difference between a fully automated external defibrillator and a shock-advisory defibrillator (SAED)?

A) The rescuer is responsible for pushing a button to deliver the shock with an SAED.
B) The fully automated defibrillator can only be used by trained hospital staff.
C) The fully automated defibrillator will analyze the patient's cardiac rhythm on its own.
D) The SAED delivers the shock at a higher voltage than the fully automated defibrillator.

Question 33

You are getting ready to apply an automated external defibrillator (AED) to a patient in cardiac arrest when you notice a small lump below the skin on his upper abdomen. His wife confirms that it is a pacemaker. You should

A) continue performing CPR until the ambulance arrives and do not use the AED.
B) apply one of the AED pads directly over the pacemaker.
C) place a rubber glove over the pacemaker and administer a shock.
D) apply the AED pads and keep them at least 1 inch from the pacemaker.

Question 34

When the heart is in ventricular fibrillation,

A) dead tissue causes an irregular heartbeat.
B) the usual nerve impulses from the brain are interrupted.
C) a blocked coronary artery induces a heart attack.
D) the electrical impulses are completely disorganized.

Question 35

When trauma is suspected and you need to open a patient's airway, you should use

A) a cricoid pressure maneuver.
B) a modified jaw-thrust maneuver.
C) a head tilt-chin lift maneuver.
D) a finger sweep maneuver.

Question 36

When performing CPR on an infant, you should check the pulse in the

A) carotid artery.
B) brachial artery.
C) radial artery.
D) dorsalis pedis artery.

Question 37

Before using an automated external defibrillator (AED), you should

A) ensure that the patient does not have an implanted pacemaker.
B) clear all personnel from the patient and the stretcher.
C) completely shave the chest and sanitize the area before shocking.
D) place the AED pads at least one inch below any medication patches.

Question 38

How can you avoid delivering inappropriate shocks with an automated external defibrillator (AED)?

A) Wear down new batteries to prevent the possibility of power surges.
B) Remove the AED pads when transporting a patient.
C) Attach the pads first and then turn on the AED unit.
D) Only attach the AED to unresponsive and pulseless patients.

Question 39

When is it acceptable to stop CPR?

A) When the victim's family informs you that the ambulance has arrived.
B) When you feel light-headed as if you are about to pass out.
C) When the victim's family asks you to stop performing CPR.
D) When you feel upset that your CPR does not revive the victim.

Question 40

When the AED is about to shock, you should shout

A) "Shocking!"
B) "Heads up!"
C) "Stand clear!"
D) "Watch out!"

Question 41

The most important factor in reducing the chances of death from a heart attack is

A) the fast transportation to a hospital equipped with an automated external defibrillator.
B) the administration of proper medication and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
C) the type of cardiovascular procedure used to open arterial blockages.
D) the time elapsed between the onset of symptoms and the start of treatment.

Question 42

Regarding patient assessment in a cardiac emergency, what does ABCD mean?

A) Airway, Bleeding, CPR, Doctor
B) Assess Responsiveness, Breathing, CPR, Doctor
C) Assess Responsiveness, Bleeding, Circulation, Defibrillation
D) Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Defibrillation