Deck 25: Nutrition: Food and Diet

Question 1

All molecules required to support the body's chemical reactions are obtained from food and are called

A) organic.
B) vitamins.
C) nutrients.
D) carbohydrates.

Answer 1

nutrients.

Question 2

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and vitamins are all examples of

A) nutrients.
B) sources of energy.
C) inorganic compounds.
D) catalysts.

Answer 2

nutrients.

Question 3

Body Mass Index (BMI) is

A) calculated by determining a person's weight (without clothing) in pounds and barefoot height in feet.
B) a person's weight in kilograms divided by their height in meters squared.
C) a person's weight in pounds divided by their height in feet squared.
D) equal to approximately 10% of your total daily Calorie intake.

Answer 3

a person's weight in kilograms divided by their height in meters squared.

Question 4

The chemical reaction that converts nutrients into specific molecules required by the organism to support its cells and cell activities is

A) nutrition.
B) integration.
C) assimilation.
D) responsiveness.

Question 5

Saturated fats should be __________________ in your diet.

A) in the form of oils
B) about 50% of the Calories
C) consumed as plants
D) as low as possible

Question 6

An example of assimilation is the

A) synthesis of carbon.
B) synthesis of proteins.
C) hydrolysis of water.
D) hydrolysis of oxygen.

Question 7

The amount of food and drink consumed by a person from day to day is their

A) diet.
B) food volume.
C) nutritional status.
D) minimal nutrients.

Question 8

A person's diet is

A) a weight-loss program.
B) the amount of weight lost as a result of consuming less food.
C) the amount of food and drink consumed each day.
D) the amount of food consumed each day measured in calories.

Question 9

A person's diet must contain

A) the minimal nutrients necessary to manufacture and maintain the body's structure.
B) vitamins.
C) material to supply the energy (ATP).
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 10

The unit used to measure the amount of energy in food is the

A) Calorie.
B) calorie.
C) gram.
D) milligram.

Question 11

One ____ is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water one degree Celsius.

A) calorie
B) Calorie
C) gram cal
D) kilogram calorie

Question 12

The body stores carbohydrate as ________________________ in your body.

A) protein
B) glucose
C) glycogen
D) None of the above is correct.

Question 13

An estimate of the amount of energy needed to maintain basic body functions while at rest is

A) basic energy.
B) caloric intake.
C) basal energy needs.
D) basal metabolic rate.

Question 14

Protein should be a daily part of the diet because

A) it is used rapidly for energy.
B) it is the most easily metabolized food.
C) it cannot be stored.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 15

Which is a possible report of basal metabolic rate?

A) 1,329 Calories per day
B) 250 calories
C) 1,329 calories per week
D) 1,100 grams per day

Question 16

Which is NOT one of the six major classes of nutrients?

A) carbohydrates
B) nucleic acids
C) vitamins
D) water

Question 17

Which major class of nutrients is primarily responsible for providing that full feeling after a meal?

A) carbohydrates
B) nucleic acids
C) fats
D) water

Question 18

Which class of nutrients provides certain "essential" organic components required in the diet because they cannot be manufactured by the body?

A) carbohydrates
B) proteins
C) nucleic acids
D) water

Question 19

Which is true of Dietary Reference Intakes?

A) They are an estimate of what people normally eat.
B) If they are followed you will be healthy.
C) They apply to a person with medical problems.
D) They provide information on the amounts of certain nutrients various members of the public should receive.

Question 20

The Dietary Reference Intake of protein for men is

A) 56 g/day, 10-35% of Calories.
B) 46 g/day, 10-35% of Calories.
C) 50% of Calories.
D) 130 g/day, 45-65% of Calories.

Question 21

All of the following contain complete proteins EXCEPT

A) beans.
B) milk.
C) eggs.
D) fish.

Question 22

____ are not members of the basic food groups.

A) Meat and beans
B) Dairy products
C) Vitamins and minerals
D) Fruits

Question 23

The food group that includes buns, crackers, pancakes, pasta, and tortillas is

A) vegetables.
B) grains.
C) dairy products.
D) meat and beans.

Question 24

This basic food group provides minerals, water, vitamins, carbohydrates, and protein for your diet. About 75% of all the calcium in the United States food supply comes from this group.

A) meat and beans
B) dairy products
C) vegetables
D) fruits

Question 25

You should eat a variety of vegetables because

A) vegetables are an excellent source of protein.
B) different vegetables have different vitamins and minerals.
C) plants contain toxins and eating only one could be harmful.
D) None of the above is correct.

Question 26

The energy you use in voluntary muscular activities such as work and sports, plus the amount of energy required to digest and assimilate your food, is called

A) total Calories used.
B) muscular energy expended.
C) BMR.
D) specific dynamic action.

Question 27

Roughly speaking, (1) one gram of carbohydrate is the equivalent of how many Calories? (2) one gram of fat is the equivalent of how many Calories? (3) one gram of protein is the equivalent of how many Calories?

A) (1) = 4, (2) = 9, (3) = 4.
B) (1) = 7, (2) = 9, (3) = 4.
C) (1) = 4, (2) = 4, (3) = 4.
D) (1) = 4, (2) = 10, (3) = 4.

Question 28

Which of the following is an example of an eating disorder?

A) Eating enough to cause obesity.
B) Anorexia nervosa.
C) Bulimia.
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 29

These are some of the symptoms seen in persons with the eating disorder known as _____: thin, dry, brittle hair; degradation of fingernails; constipation; amenorrhea (lack of menstrual periods); decreased heart rate; loss of body proteins; weaker heartbeat.

A) obesity
B) anorexia nervosa
C) bulimia
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 30

This disorder involves a cycle of eating binges and purges. The cause is thought to be psychological, stemming from depression, low self-esteem, displaced anger, a need to be in control of one's body, or a personality disorder.

A) obesity
B) anorexia nervosa
C) bulimia
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 31

During the early stages of starvation, the amount of fat in the body will steadily decrease, but the amount of protein will drop only slightly. This is known as

A) protein-sparing.
B) wasting disease.
C) lip-sparing.
D) bulimia.

Question 32

Which of the following is a vitamin-deficiency disease?

A) scurvy
B) Lyme disease
C) rabies
D) kwashiorkor

Question 33

Night blindness, dry skin, and skin infections are typical symptoms of

A) beriberi.
B) scurvy.
C) rickets.
D) vitamin A deficiency.

Question 34

A person's energy requirement per kilogram of body weight is highest during this stage of a person's life.

A) first twelve months of life
B) adulthood
C) adolescence
D) None of these answers is true.

Question 35

Nutrition during this stage is extremely important because it is during this period that the body changes from nonreproductive to reproductive.

A) adulthood
B) adolescence
C) childhood
D) All of these stages are equally important.

Question 36

A daily intake of 1,200 milligrams of this mineral should prevent osteoporosis.

A) phosphorus
B) iron
C) calcium
D) vitamin A

Question 37

Studies have shown that the longer one engages in moderate exercise conditions,

A) the more fats are used as the prime source of energy.
B) the more glycogen is stored in muscle cells.
C) the more protein is spared from being used to provide energy.
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 38

As the body is conditioned,

A) there is an increase in the number of mitochondria per cell.
B) the Krebs cycle and the ETS run more efficiently.
C) fats are respired more efficiently and for longer periods.
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 39

The sudden onset of disabling fatigue that occurs when the limited amount of stored glycogen falls below a certain level during heavy, prolonged exercise is known as

A) glycogen deficiency syndrome.
B) hitting the wall.
C) that "pooped" feeling.
D) carbohydrate unpacking.

Question 40

____ is NOT a vitamin.

A) Thiamine
B) Riboflavin
C) Niacin
D) Calcium

Question 41

____ is a mineral.

A) Water
B) Sodium
C) Ascorbic acid
D) Niacin

Question 42

Basal metabolic rate is a measure of the energy required

A) during strenuous exercise.
B) at rest.
C) during normal daily activities.
D) at birth.

Question 43

Obesity has a variety of causes but a primary contributing cause is

A) inactive lifestyle.
B) consumption of snack foods.
C) portion sizes in restaurants.
D) All of the above appear to be involved.

Question 44

____ is NOT a carbohydrate.

A) Glycogen
B) Sucrose
C) Riboflavin
D) Fiber

Question 45

Linoleic acid is an essential

A) amino acid.
B) fatty acid.
C) mineral.
D) vitamin.

Question 46

The Food Guide Pyramid suggests that most Americans should increase their intake of ____ and reduce their intake of ___.

A) vegetables; dairy products
B) water; cereals
C) vegetables; fats
D) meats; fruits

Question 47

An incomplete protein

A) is a partially assembled polypeptide chain.
B) cannot be completely digested by your body.
C) is missing one or more essential amino acids.
D) has been denatured.

Question 48

In humans, fiber does all of the following EXCEPT

A) provide energy.
B) prevent constipation.
C) help control weight gain.
D) prevent hemorrhoids.

Question 49

According to the Food Guide Pyramid, one double cheeseburger ____ the daily recommended quantity of meat.

A) exceeds
B) is about one-half of
C) is about one-third of
D) is about one-quarter of

Question 50

Protein deficiency in childhood results in

A) small size.
B) mental retardation.
C) poor health.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 51

A normal caloric intake for a healthy adult would be

A) 1,000 calories/day.
B) 2,400 calories/day.
C) 1,000 Calories/day.
D) 2,400 Calories/day.

Question 52

Specific dynamic action is the amount of energy required

A) to maintain normal body functions at rest.
B) for voluntary muscular movements.
C) to digest and assimilate food.
D) by all normal body functions and activities.

Question 53

Women who are pregnant or lactating should

A) consume extra calcium.
B) increase protein intake.
C) consume additional Calories.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 54

Based on U.S. Department of Agriculture guidelines, which of the following would be the best evening meal?

A) Pizza with cheese, tomato sauce, mushrooms, onion, sausage, ham, and pepperoni
B) Tacos with beans, lettuce, onion, cheese, tomato
C) A salad with lettuce, tomato, mandarin oranges, onion, and low fat dressing
D) Hamburger on a bun with onion and mustard, and french fries

Question 55

If you wanted to obtain the greatest amount of energy possible from your diet and were NOT concerned with any other aspects of diet which of the following should you do?

A) Eat a diet high in fats.
B) Eat a diet high in protein.
C) Eat a diet high in vegetables.
D) Eat a diet high in starches and other carbohydrates.

Question 56

For the average person to build muscle tissue one should exercise and

A) consume large amounts of protein.
B) not change the diet.
C) increase the consumption of vitamins.
D) increase the consumption of minerals.

Question 57

You are a nutritional scientist and discover an organic molecule that is water-soluble and is essential to good health but does not appear to be manufactured by the human body. It is most likely a

A) mineral.
B) carbohydrate.
C) vitamin.
D) polypeptide.

Question 58

Many people who start exercise plans as a way of reducing their weight are frustrated because they may initially gain weight rather than lose it. This is because

A) muscle weighs more than fat.
B) protein has more Calories than fat.
C) fat has more Calories than protein.
D) carbohydrates have more Calories than fat.

Question 59

Anaerobic exercise differs from aerobic exercise in that anaerobic exercise

A) requires energy faster than the body can supply oxygen to muscles.
B) provides more energy than aerobic exercise.
C) occurs over long time periods.
D) None of the above is correct.

Question 60

Warm-up exercise

A) increases blood flow to muscles.
B) raises the temperature of muscles.
C) increases heart rate.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 61

Vitamins that are acquired from fat-containing foods are known as

A) lipo-vitamins.
B) coenzymes.
C) fat-soluble vitamins.
D) essential vitamins.

Question 62

The vitamins that assist enzymes in their operation are generally referred to as

A) minerals.
B) coenzymes.
C) electrolytes.
D) holoenzymes.

Question 63

Without the proper amount of water in your diet,

A) electrolytes can become imbalanced.
B) dehydration will result.
C) the blood is thicker.
D) All of these are possible.

Question 64

It is difficult being on a vegetarian diet because

A) vegetables are more expensive than meats.
B) no one can survive long periods without eating meats.
C) there is no way to obtain all necessary nutrients by only eating plants.
D) you have to be sure that you eat the proper combination of plant foods in order to obtain all the essential amino acids.

Question 65

Which of the following are examples of mineral deficiency diseases?

A) Osteoporosis and anemia
B) Osteoporosis and strep throat
C) Anemia and protein deficiency disease
D) AIDS and anemia

Question 66

Which is a good reason to have fiber in your diet?

A) It prevents scurvy.
B) It reduces the chances of colon cancer.
C) Fiber is rich in essential amino acids.
D) Fiber contains the essential fatty acid oleic acid.

Question 67

Early death associated with obesity has recently been termed

A) sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
B) sedentary death syndrome (SDS).
C) wasting disease.
D) nutritional deficiency disease (NDS).

Question 68

A measure of how efficiently a person can function both physically and mentally is called

A) fitness.
B) health.
C) BMI.
D) SDA.