Deck 21: The Nature of Microorganisms

Question 1

The method of reproduction used most frequently by microorganisms

A) is sexual reproduction.
B) is parthenogenesis.
C) is asexual reproduction.
D) involves meiosis.

Answer 1

is asexual reproduction.

Question 2

Which of the following taxonomic categories are normally included in the general classification of microorganisms?

A) Domain Bacteria
B) Kingdom Protista
C) Domain Archaea
D) All of the above are correct.

Answer 2

All of the above are correct.

Question 3

All of the following characteristics are typical for microorganisms EXCEPT

A) Generally consist of single cell or groups of cells with little specialization.
B) Generally reproduce by asexual reproduction.
C) Most are parasites.
D) Generally live in moist environments.

Answer 3

Most are parasites.

Question 4

Which of the following is a mutualistic relationship involving bacteria?

A) mycorrhiza
B) lichen
C) decomposer bacteria
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 5

Members of the Domain Bacteria and Domain Archaea differ in that

A) Archaea are larger than Bacteria.
B) Archaea reproduce sexually and Bacteria do not.
C) Archaea are mostly parasitic.
D) Archaea have a more complex nature to their DNA than do Bacteria.

Question 6

A highly resistant bacterial structure having a low metabolic rate is a(n)

A) pathogen.
B) mutation.
C) endospore.
D) toxin.

Question 7

The cells of the members of the kingdom Protista differ from those of the domain Bacteria in that

A) none of the Protista have cell walls.
B) all of the Protista have a nucleus.
C) none of the Protista have flagella.
D) all of the Protista are smaller than Bacteria.

Question 8

Which of the following organisms are major producers of oxygen by photosynthesis in the ocean?

A) Cyanobacteria
B) Diatoms
C) Dinoflagellates
D) All of the above are important producers of oxygen.

Question 9

Which of the following organisms has cell walls containing silica?

A) Ciliated protozoa
B) Archaea
C) Diatoms
D) Dinoflagellates

Question 10

Agar, widely used in microbiology growth media, is obtained from

A) Protozoa.
B) Mold.
C) Bacteria.
D) Algae.

Question 11

A heterotrophic, unicellular, eukaryotic cell is

A) Alga.
B) Bacterium.
C) Archeon.
D) Protozoan.

Question 12

Protozoa are classified according to

A) the type of chlorophyll they have.
B) the number of cilia they have.
C) their method of movement.
D) the environment in which they live.

Question 13

A vector is an organism that carries

A) mutations.
B) toxins.
C) spores.
D) parasites.

Question 14

Slime molds are a type of

A) Algae.
B) Bacteria.
C) Protista.
D) Pathogen.

Question 15

Many members of the domain Archaea have the ability to produce

A) methane.
B) acid.
C) high temperatures.
D) cellulose.

Question 16

In the ocean or freshwater a bloom is

A) a major increase in the number of planktonic algae.
B) the growth of flower-like structures on brown algae.
C) an area where oxygen is depleted from the water.
D) None of the above is correct.

Question 17

Your large intestine is filled with bacteria that do you no harm. Therefore, they are referred to as _____________ bacteria.

A) pathogenic
B) mutualistic
C) commensal
D) parasitic

Question 18

Ringworm and athlete's foot are caused by

A) fungi.
B) bacteria.
C) algae.
D) protozoa.

Question 19

An organism that lives on dead organic matter is known as a

A) commensal organism.
B) saprophyte.
C) parasite.
D) None of the above is correct.

Question 20

Which of the following is a common human use of bacteria?

A) producing sugar
B) decomposition in sewage treatment plants
C) producing antibiotics
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 21

Members of the Domain Archaea are important in the ocean as

A) chemosynthetic producers near places where hot water comes from openings in the ocean floor.
B) parasites on many kinds of algae.
C) a cause of algal blooms.
D) food for fish.

Question 22

An example of a mutualistic relationship is that of bacteria

A) decomposing organic material.
B) causing diseases.
C) producing nitrogen-containing molecules in the roots of plants.
D) being used in the chemical industry.

Question 23

Archaea that are halophiles live in

A) extremely hot environments.
B) extremely cold environments.
C) extremely salty environments.
D) extremely acid environments.

Question 24

Bacteria are difficult to control because of their

A) high reproductive rate.
B) low metabolic rate.
C) lack of a nucleus.
D) lack of a cell wall.

Question 25

Members of the kingdom Protista are

A) always colonial.
B) prokaryotic cells.
C) all photosynthetic.
D) eukaryotic cells.

Question 26

Single-celled, autotrophic organisms include

A) fungi.
B) protozoa.
C) algae.
D) plants.

Question 27

Phytoplankton is mainly found

A) near the ocean surface.
B) on the ocean bottom.
C) growing on rocks in freshwater streams.
D) only in very cold water.

Question 28

The location of phytoplankton in the ocean is determined by

A) temperature.
B) space.
C) salt content.
D) light.

Question 29

A bloom is a rapid increase in

A) algae.
B) temperature.
C) light.
D) fish.

Question 30

A vector is

A) the organism that causes a disease.
B) the organism that is harmed by a disease organism.
C) the organism that carries a disease organism from one host to another.
D) the organism that produces antibiotics.

Question 31

Pseudopods are found on some

A) protozoa.
B) algae.
C) bacteria.
D) blue-green algae.

Question 32

Nonphotosynthetic cells with cell walls belong to the Kingdom

A) Plantae.
B) Animalia.
C) Fungi.
D) Protista.

Question 33

Fungi are

A) saprophytes.
B) mutualistic.
C) decomposers.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 34

The main method of fungus dispersal is by

A) seeds.
B) sperms.
C) fertilized eggs.
D) spores.

Question 35

Slime molds and water molds are not considered to be fungi because

A) they are not decomposers.
B) they do not have chitin in their cell walls.
C) their reproductive cells do not have flagella.
D) they do not have the ability to do photosynthesis.

Question 36

The control of Bacteria by antibiotics is often ineffective because

A) Bacteria mutate.
B) Bacteria destroy antibiotics.
C) Bacteria produce cell walls.
D) Bacteria reproduce asexually.

Question 37

Benthic algae are found

A) near the ocean shore.
B) floating on the ocean surface.
C) only in fresh water.
D) in the deep parts of the ocean.

Question 38

Algae with two flagella are

A) diatoms.
B) dinoflagellates.
C) cyanobacteria.
D) red algae.

Question 39

Which of the following kinds of protozoa are major consumers of Bacteria and other microorganisms in the ocean?

A) Apicomplexa
B) Foranimifera
C) Dinoflagellates
D) Thermophiles

Question 40

The best way to control the spread of the protozoan that causes sleeping sickness is

A) with antibiotics.
B) with heat.
C) to control the vector.
D) to drink strong coffee.

Question 41

The organisms that cause strep throat, pneumonia, and botulism are

A) viruses.
B) bacteria.
C) protozoa.
D) fungi.

Question 42

Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning bacteria?

A) They are prokaryotic.
B) They can form endospores under unfavorable conditions.
C) They contain complex organelles composed of membranes.
D) They can be autotrophic or heterotrophic.

Question 43

Algae differ from protozoa in that

A) algae are plants and protozoa are animals.
B) protozoa are motile and algae are nonmotile.
C) algae are autotrophs and protozoa are heterotrophs.
D) algae are aerobic and protozoa are anaerobic.

Question 44

Organisms important in sewage treatment and nitrogen fixation belong to the domain

A) Protista.
B) Fungi.
C) Bacteria.
D) Archaea.

Question 45

____ are not considered microorganisms.

A) Yeast cells
B) Bacteria
C) Protozoa
D) Insects

Question 46

Microbes of the same species that live together and cooperate in some way are

A) mutualistic.
B) colonial.
C) commensal.
D) opportunistic.

Question 47

Some ____ are able to metabolize oil and have been used in the cleanup of oil spills.

A) Algae
B) Protozoa
C) Fungi
D) Bacteria

Question 48

Nitrogen is made available to legumes because of a symbiotic relationship between the plant and

A) a virus.
B) bacteria.
C) fungi.
D) protozoa.

Question 49

Nitrogen is made available to aquatic ecosystems by

A) Bacteria.
B) Cyanobacteria.
C) Archaea.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 50

Under ideal conditions, some bacteria can reproduce as frequently as once every

A) thirty seconds.
B) twenty minutes.
C) twenty-four hours.
D) three days.

Question 51

____ of the species of bacteria are pathogens.

A) All
B) The majority
C) About half
D) A minority

Question 52

The most effective way to kill an endospore is to

A) dry it (dehydration).
B) freeze it (-10 $\degree$ C).
C) crush it.
D) heat it (125 $\degree$ C).

Question 53

____ do NOT belong to the kingdom Protista.

A) Water molds
B) Algae
C) Protozoa
D) Yeasts

Question 54

Tiny aquatic organisms that swim or move with water currents are

A) plankton.
B) benthic.
C) endospores.
D) colonial.

Question 55

____ are the major producers in the ocean food chain.

A) Benthic organisms
B) Phytoplankton
C) Fungi
D) Water molds

Question 56

Protozoa with complex cell structures and two kinds of nuclei are

A) Apicomplexa.
B) Flagellates.
C) Ciliates.
D) Radiolarians.

Question 57

Seaweeds are

A) large fungi.
B) multicellular algae.
C) primitive members of Plantae.
D) cyanobacteria.

Question 58

Malaria is directly caused by

A) protozoa.
B) mosquitoes.
C) bacteria.
D) unclean environments.

Question 59

Which of the following is a major kind of benthic algae?

A) Diatom
B) Brown algae
C) Cyanobacteria
D) Radiolarians

Question 60

The characteristic blue color of blue cheese comes from

A) cyanobacteria.
B) algae.
C) mold.
D) protozoans.

Question 61

One type of symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a plant involves

A) nitrogen fixation.
B) lichen.
C) mycorrhiza.
D) endospores.

Question 62

Harmful chemicals produced by fungi are

A) pathogens.
B) mycotoxins.
C) benthic.
D) mycorrhiza.

Question 63

In the mutualistic relationship of lichens, ____ provide moisture and attachment while ____ provide food.

A) bacteria; fungi
B) bacteria; algae
C) fungi; algae
D) algae; fungi

Question 64

The immediate ancestors of plants, animals and fungi are thought to be similar to some modern day ______

A) Protista.
B) Bacteria.
C) Archaea.
D) Ciliates.

Question 65

In the process of obtaining food, Fungi ________.

A) secrete enzymes into their surroundings
B) take whole pieces of organic matter into their cells
C) rely on bacteria to digest their food
D) None of the above is correct.

Question 66

Fungi are major pathogens for

A) Animals.
B) Bacteria.
C) Insects.
D) Plants.

Question 67

How are the algae economically important?

A) They increase environmental calcium levels.
B) They decrease the population of harmful fungi.
C) They provide fiber in most diets.
D) They provide food additives.

Question 68

A major ecological role for fungi is as

A) producers.
B) decomposers.
C) nitrogen-fixing organisms.
D) vectors of disease.

Question 69

The kingdom Protista is

A) not considered a valid phylogenetic unit.
B) composed of organisms that are very similar to one another.
C) only contains single-celled organisms.
D) not ecologically important.

Question 70

The production of methane in the digestive system of cattle is primarily the result of action of

A) Ciliates.
B) Fungi.
C) Archaea.
D) Flagellates.

Question 71

Bacteria differ from Archaea in that

A) Archaea have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
B) Bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
C) Archaea have DNA which is in the shape of a ring.
D) Bacteria have DNA which is in the shape of a ring.

Question 72

Members of this group of protozoa are decomposers responsible for these infectious diseases: giardiasis (gastroenteritis), trichomoniasis (sexually transmitted disease), and trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness-Trypanosoma gambiense).

A) flagellated protozoa
B) sarcodina
C) ciliates
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 73

One-celled species of fungi such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae (used in bread-and beer-making) are commonly known as

A) bacteria.
B) viruses.
C) yeast.
D) molds.

Question 74

These are nonphotosynthetic plankton, including aquatic protozoa and tiny animals.

A) phytoplankton
B) thermophiles
C) zooplankton
D) diatoms

Question 75

This process involves the use of naturally occurring microbes to break down unwanted or dangerous materials.

A) biomagnification
B) bioremediation
C) bioamplification
D) bioassimilation