Deck 9: Cell Division: Proliferation and Reproduction

Question 1

Two chromatids are connected by a

A) centromere.
B) spindle.
C) centriole.
D) chromosome.

Answer 1

centromere.

Question 2

Fibers extending from cell pole to cell pole are called the

A) cleavage furrow.
B) cell plate.
C) cell equator.
D) spindle.

Answer 2

spindle.

Question 3

An organelle found in animals and involved in cell division is the

A) lysosome.
B) mitochondrion.
C) Golgi apparatus.
D) centriole.

Answer 3

centriole.

Question 4

During prophase ____ are formed.

A) nucleoli
B) new chromosomes
C) spindles
D) centromeres

Question 5

Chromosomes align along the equator during

A) metaphase.
B) anaphase.
C) telophase.
D) prophase.

Question 6

In a human, the 46 chromosomes would be at the equator during

A) interphase.
B) prophase.
C) anaphase.
D) metaphase.

Question 7

Daughter cells are formed during

A) metaphase.
B) anaphase.
C) prophase.
D) telophase.

Question 8

Chromosomes move toward the poles during

A) metaphase.
B) telophase.
C) anaphase.
D) interphase.

Question 9

Chromosomes first become visible during

A) telophase.
B) prophase.
C) anaphase.
D) metaphase.

Question 10

When the chromosomes have moved around so that they all lie on a plane in the middle of the cell, the stage is called

A) anaphase.
B) metaphase.
C) prophase.
D) telophase.

Question 11

The stage during which chromosomes shorten by condensing their nucleoprotein is called

A) anaphase.
B) metaphase.
C) prophase.
D) telophase.

Question 12

In what mitotic stage does the cytoplasm divide?

A) prophase
B) metaphase
C) anaphase
D) telophase

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT true concerning mitosis?

A) It insures the immortality of the genetic information possessed by an organism.
B) The DNA molecule replicates before any chromosomes can be seen.
C) It is the process that heals a wound.
D) It accounts for most of the increase in size of growing plants and animals.

Question 14

The most important result of mitosis is the

A) production of new varieties of cells to meet changes in the environment.
B) exact duplication of the parent cell's genetic information.
C) equal division of the parent cell's genetic information between the two daughter cells.
D) equal distribution of the parent's cytoplasm between the two daughter cells.

Question 15

During prophase of mitosis, the

A) nucleus is preparing for the beginning stage of mitosis that will follow.
B) chromosomes are so loosely coiled and stretched out that they are not yet visible.
C) nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear.
D) zygote is formed.

Question 16

The metaphase stage of mitosis is characterized by the

A) arrangement of chromosomes along a line.
B) arrangement of chromosomes on a plane.
C) division of the centromeres.
D) duplication of genetic information.

Question 17

Which of the following does NOT distinguish mitosis in plant cells from mitosis in animal cells?

A) production of a cell plate
B) production of a furrow
C) presence of centrioles
D) presence of centromeres

Question 18

During anaphase of mitosis, the

A) nuclear membranes begin to reappear around each of the patches that will soon be daughter nuclei.
B) number of distinct chromosomes present is twice the number that was present before mitosis started.
C) centromeres have not divided.
D) chromosomes replicate by making exact copies of themselves.

Question 19

During telophase of mitosis the

A) chromosomes have ended their move toward the poles.
B) daughter cells separate themselves from each other.
C) DNA of the chromosomes duplicates in preparation for the cell division.
D) cell's genetic characteristics modify to meet any change in the environment.

Question 20

After cell division, some cells become differentiated. This means that they

A) become different shapes.
B) become different sizes.
C) perform different functions.
D) become different in all these ways.

Question 21

The time it takes for cells to divide

A) varies, but it takes sophisticated equipment to measure this small difference.
B) depends on the health and environment of the cell.
C) does not vary at all, but is controlled by an internal clock.
D) varies widely and unpredictably in cells of the same local area of the same organism during any specific time period.

Question 22

The order in which the stages of mitosis proceed is

A) anaphase, interphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase.
B) interphase, anaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase.
C) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, interphase.
D) interphase, telophase, prophase, anaphase, metaphase.

Question 23

____ is not part of interphase.

A) Gap 1
B) Gap 2
C) Cytokinesis
D) DNA synthesis

Question 24

DNA replication occurs during

A) prophase of mitosis.
B) metaphase of mitosis.
C) gap 1 of interphase.
D) S phase of interphase.

Question 25

Centromeres are

A) composed of microtubules.
B) two identical sides of a metaphase chromosome.
C) regions that attach chromosomes.
D) the structures that contain genetic material.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT true of cytokinesis?

A) Cytokinesis is the division of cytoplasm and its contents.
B) The formation of a cell plate in plants results in cytokinesis.
C) The formation of a cleavage furrow in animals results in cytokinesis.
D) Cytokinesis occurs during interphase.

Question 27

____ is NOT an event of telophase.

A) Uncoiling of chromosomes
B) Disappearance of spindles
C) Nuclear membranes forming to create daughter nuclei
D) Breaking down of nucleoli

Question 28

A cell that contains eight chromosomes and is undergoing mitosis will produce ____ daughter cell(s); each daughter cell will contain ____ chromosomes.

A) two; eight
B) two; four
C) four; four
D) one; eight

Question 29

Chromosomes are composed of two chromatids during

A) gap 1.
B) telophase.
C) metaphase.
D) anaphase.

Question 30

The process of cell specialization within a multicellular organism is

A) cancer.
B) cytokinesis.
C) mitosis.
D) determination.

Question 31

In which of the following stages of the cell cycle would you find chromosomes separated into individual chromatids?

A) prophase
B) metaphase
C) telophase
D) cytokinesis

Question 32

The normal outcome of mitosis is

A) to make cells smaller.
B) to produce genetically identical copies of cells.
C) to reduce the amount of DNA in daughter cells.
D) differentiation.

Question 33

In which of the following stages of the cell cycle does the cell contain chromosomes consisting of 2 chromatids joined by a centromere?

A) anaphase
B) metaphase
C) cytokinesis
D) telophase

Question 34

Which of the following is typical of interphase?

A) DNA replicates.
B) The chromosomes get short and thick.
C) The nucleolus disappears.
D) The cell does nothing.

Question 35

A dividing cell lacks a nuclear membrane, contains chromosomes consisting of two chromatids, and has clearly visible chromosomes. It is in which one of the following stages?

A) metaphase
B) anaphase
C) interphase
D) telophase

Question 36

"I can tell this cell is in metaphase because . . ."

A) the chromatids are dividing.
B) the spindle is being formed.
C) the chromosomes are aligned on the equator of the cell.
D) the nuclear membrane is forming.

Question 37

__________ may cause cancer.

A) Chemotherapeutic agents
B) Mutagenic agents
C) Meiosis
D) Cytokinesis

Question 38

Cells spend most of their life

A) in the G₀ phase.
B) dividing.
C) in metaphase.
D) undergoing differentiation.

Question 39

DNA is synthesized in which stage of the typical cell cycle?

A) prophase
B) G₁
C) S
D) G₂

Question 40

The whole point of mitosis is to

A) be sure that DNA is replicated.
B) reproduce the parent cell into genetically identical daughter cells.
C) reproduce the parent cell into similar but not identical daughter cells.
D) produce sex cells (gametes).

Question 41

Which of the following techniques would be useful in controlling cancer once it has formed an abnormal growth?

A) Prevent mutations from occurring in the cancer cells.
B) Treat the cancer with drugs or other therapies that selectively kill dividing cells.
C) Increase the mutation rate to kill the cancer cells.
D) Increase the rate of mitosis in the cancer cells.

Question 42

During which of the following stages of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?

A) prophase
B) interphase
C) telophase
D) anaphase

Question 43

Controlled cell death is termed

A) apoptosis.
B) metastasis.
C) malignancy.
D) tumor formation.

Question 44

Tumors that are harmful, non-encapsulated growths of cells are known as

A) benign.
B) malignant.
C) metastasized.
D) carcinogenic.

Question 45

The physician explained that her cancer had metastasized or

A) spread from its original site.
B) shrunk in size.
C) become benign.
D) stopped growing.

Question 46

A normally functioning muscle cell is in which stage of its cycle?

A) G₂
B) anaphase
C) G₀
D) cytokinesis

Question 47

Proteins required for the spindles are synthesized in the

A) G₂ stage.
B) S stage.
C) G₀ stage.
D) G₁ stage.

Question 48

Radiation most likely destroys cancer cells by inducing a process called

A) cytokinesis.
B) protein disintegration.
C) differentiation.
D) apoptosis.

Question 49

When the gene p53 initiates apoptosis, the cell's DNA causes the cell to

A) enter prophase.
B) spontaneously break down the cell membrane.
C) become differentiated.
D) digest itself from the inside out.

Question 50

A cell mass that does NOT fragment and spread beyond its original area of growth is known as a(n)

A) benign tumor.
B) atumoron.
C) malignant tumor.
D) nodule.

Question 51

The _________ on the chromosome is where the spindle fibers bind to the chromosome and is responsible for the shortening of spindle fibers during anaphase.

A) chromatin
B) centromere
C) tubulin
D) kinetochore

Question 52

This is the type of cell division used by most prokaryotes.

A) mitosis
B) binary fission
C) binary fusion
D) meiosis

Question 53

In meiosis, centromeres split in

A) telophase I.
B) anaphase I.
C) telophase II.
D) anaphase II.

Question 54

Crossing-over occurs in

A) prophase I.
B) prophase II.
C) metaphase II.
D) Both prophase I and II.

Question 55

The exchange of chromosome parts may occur during

A) telophase II.
B) anaphase II.
C) prophase I.
D) metaphase II.

Question 56

When homologous chromosomes are at the equator of the cell, it is in

A) telophase.
B) metaphase I.
C) metaphase II.
D) Any of these stages.

Question 57

The spindle begins to form in

A) telophase I.
B) prophase I.
C) interphase.
D) telophase II.

Question 58

Two nuclei are formed during

A) prophase I.
B) metaphase I.
C) anaphase I.
D) telophase I.

Question 59

Chromosomes first become visible during

A) prophase I.
B) metaphase I.
C) anaphase I.
D) telophase I.

Question 60

Chromosomes move toward the poles during

A) anaphase II.
B) metaphase II.
C) prophase II.
D) telophase II.

Question 61

The centromere divides during

A) metaphase II.
B) telophase II.
C) anaphase II.
D) prophase II.

Question 62

Spindles disappear during

A) prophase I.
B) telophase II.
C) anaphase II.
D) metaphase I.

Question 63

During metaphase I of meiosis,

A) individual chromosomes line up at the poles.
B) homologous pairs are aligned at the equator.
C) pairs of chromosomes separate from other pairs by spindle rays.
D) only one member of each pair is in each cell.

Question 64

During anaphase II of meiosis,

A) the centrioles form.
B) daughter cells form.
C) chromosomes move to poles.
D) chromatids exchange parts.

Question 65

During which stage does cytokinesis happen?

A) prophase I
B) anaphase I
C) telophase I
D) metaphase II

Question 66

Independent assortment refers to the fact that

A) a cell will divide and produce various offspring regardless of whether any other cell is dividing.
B) mitosis normally produces cells that are like each other and like the parent cell.
C) the daughter cell that receives the maternal 1 chromosome will not necessarily receive the maternal 2.
D) a crossover between two chromosomes will produce offspring unlike either parent.

Question 67

Segregation

A) happens whenever a cell is fertilized.
B) happens when chromosomes separate and move to the poles.
C) is the separation between daughter cells after cell division.
D) None of these answers define segregation.

Question 68

Equivalent segments of DNA are exchanged between chromosomes as a result of

A) segregation.
B) crossing-over.
C) fertilization.
D) independent assortment.

Question 69

The separation of homologous chromosomes is called

A) synapsis.
B) segregation.
C) mitosis.
D) fertilization.

Question 70

Sometimes the gene for blue eye color is in the same gamete as the gene for curly hair, but they are in different gametes just as often. Why?

A) crossing-over
B) independent assortment
C) fertilization
D) segregation

Question 71

Normally, a gamete gets only one of a pair of alleles. This is true because of

A) crossing-over.
B) independent assortment.
C) fertilization.
D) segregation.

Question 72

Crossing-over results in

A) chromosome duplication.
B) new combinations of genes.
C) point mutations.
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 73

Segregation refers to the separation of

A) linked genes from each other.
B) alleles.
C) dominant genes from the rest of the chromosome.
D) assorted structures in the cell.

Question 74

If the blood type and the number of fingers are inherited independently, this means

A) they are on the same chromosome.
B) they are linked to each other.
C) they segregate randomly.
D) B blood and six fingers are rare.

Question 75

Nondisjunction is the process

A) in which homologous chromosomes fail to segregate normally.
B) in which abnormal cytokinesis occurs.
C) in which metaphase is not allowed to occur.
D) described by two of these statements.

Question 76

Nondisjunction results in

A) two small daughter cells that disappear and two normal-sized cells.
B) two polar bodies.
C) daughter cells with different numbers of chromosomes.
D) two cells with equal numbers of chromosomes.

Question 77

Nondisjunction may result in a person with twenty-three pairs of chromosomes

A) plus an extra chromosome.
B) minus a sex chromosome.
C) with an extra chromosome number 21.
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 78

If segregation does NOT occur, the result will be

A) crossing-over.
B) independent assortment.
C) nondisjunction.
D) fertilization.

Question 79

An excess number of chromosomes in a gamete results from

A) mutation.
B) nondisjunction.
C) crossing-over.
D) fertilization.

Question 80

The process of cell specialization within a multicellular organism is

A) cancer.
B) cytokinesis.
C) mitosis.
D) determination.