Deck 6: Biochemical Pathways: Cellular Respiration

Question 1

An anaerobic process does NOT require

A) water.
B) oxygen.
C) energy.
D) phosphate.

Answer 1

oxygen.

Question 2

Aerobic cellular respiration requires the use of

A) N₂.
B) O₂.
C) H₂.
D) H₂O.

Answer 2

O₂.

Question 3

____ is NOT a product of the Kreb cycle.

A) Pyruvic acid
B) ATP
C) NADH₂ and FADH₂
D) CO₂

Answer 3

Pyruvic acid

Question 4

____ is NOT a stage of cellular respiration.

A) The Krebs cycle
B) The electron transport system
C) The Calvin cycle
D) Glycolysis

Question 5

Oxygen is NOT necessary for

A) anaerobic cellular respiration.
B) aerobic cellular respiration.
C) electron transport system.
D) All require oxygen.

Question 6

A reaction that requires oxygen is called

A) aerobic.
B) synthesis.
C) phosphorylation.
D) anaerobic.

Question 7

The end product of glycolysis is

A) ketone.
B) alcohol.
C) pyruvic acid.
D) lactic acid.

Question 8

Your cells most readily obtain energy from

A) C₆H₁₂O₆.
B) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
C) ATP.
D) NADH₂.

Question 9

The total (gross) number of ATPs produced from glycolysis is estimated to be

A) thirty-six.
B) thirty-four.
C) two.
D) four.

Question 10

During glycolysis, a six-carbon sugar is converted to

A) three two-carbon sugars.
B) glucose.
C) two pyruvic acid molecules.
D) a disaccharide.

Question 11

In glycolysis, the net profit of ATP from one six-carbon sugar is

A) one.
B) two.
C) three.
D) four.

Question 12

Glucose + NAD⁺ + ADP + P $\rightarrow$ NADH + Pyruvic Acid + ATP. This formula represents

A) the Krebs cycle.
B) photosynthesis.
C) glycolysis.
D) the light-dependent reactions.

Question 13

Conversion of a six-carbon carbohydrate to two pyruvic acid molecules with accompanying reactions that release ATP and hydrogen atoms is called

A) glycolysis.
B) Krebs cycle.
C) electron transport system.
D) carbon fixation.

Question 14

Chemosynthesis is

A) a form of photosynthesis.
B) a way some autotrophs make organic matter.
C) a product of the Krebs cycle.
D) present only in animals.

Question 15

A form of metabolism used by prokaryotic organisms is

A) chemosynthesis.
B) photosynthesis.
C) anaerobic respiration.
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 16

The Krebs cycle requires

A) a four-carbon acid.
B) coenzyme A (CoA).
C) an acetyl group (2C).
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 17

The Krebs cycle produces

A) carbon dioxide.
B) phosphate.
C) acetyl.
D) CoA.

Question 18

Acetyl can be produced directly from

A) CoA.
B) glucose.
C) proteins.
D) pyruvic acid.

Question 19

Acetyl is used during

A) the Krebs cycle.
B) the electron transport system.
C) glycolysis.
D) fermentation.

Question 20

Hydrogens are combined with oxygen at the completion of

A) glycolysis.
B) fermentation.
C) the Krebs cycle.
D) the electron transport system.

Question 21

The first material to enter the Krebs cycle is

A) oxygen.
B) glucose.
C) acetyl-CoA.
D) citric acid.

Question 22

The Krebs cycle releases

A) carbon.
B) ADP.
C) hydrogen.
D) phosphate.

Question 23

CoA transports

A) pyruvic acid.
B) acetyl.
C) oxygen.
D) glucose.

Question 24

In the electron transport system, hydrogen ultimately combines with

A) carbohydrates.
B) phosphate.
C) oxygen.
D) water.

Question 25

The largest amount of energy is obtained from

A) the Krebs cycle.
B) glycolysis.
C) fermentation.
D) the electron transport system.

Question 26

ATP is produced by

A) the electron transport system.
B) The Krebs cycle.
C) glycolysis.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 27

In the electron transport system, the final hydrogen (electron) acceptor is

A) oxygen.
B) ATP.
C) acetyl.
D) NAD.

Question 28

In comparing aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration, how much more effective is aerobic cellular respiration in net energy release?

A) 18 times (36 ATP:2 ATP)
B) 20 times (40 ATP:2 ATP)
C) 2 times (4 ATP:2 ATP)
D) 17 times (34 ATP:2 ATP)

Question 29

If you have a molecule of table sugar, which consists of two six-carbon simple sugars hooked together, what is the maximum net ATP gain you could expect from aerobic cellular respiration?

A) 36 ATP
B) 72 ATP
C) 4 ATP
D) 23 ATP

Question 30

If no oxygen is present, the electron transport system

A) stops.
B) accelerates.
C) produces ethyl alcohol.
D) obtains oxygen from available water.

Question 31

The result of the complete breakdown of glucose during aerobic cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells will yield a net gain of

A) two ATP.
B) four ATP.
C) thirty-six ATP.
D) forty-two ATP.

Question 32

In eukaryotic cells, the hydrogens that go through the electron transport system from one sugar (glucose) molecule produce

A) six ATPs.
B) eight ATPs.
C) seventy-six ATPs.
D) thirty-two ATPs.

Question 33

Lactic acid is formed by combining

A) pyruvic acid and hydrogen.
B) CO₂ and hydrogen.
C) ethyl alcohol and hydrogen.
D) pyruvic acid and oxygen.

Question 34

In fermentation,

A) hydrogen combines with pyruvic acid.
B) pyruvic acid is changed to an amino acid.
C) sugar is changed to acetyl.
D) pyruvic acid is converted to hydrogen.

Question 35

The relationship between lactic acid and pyruvic acid is that

A) lactic acid is formed only in milk.
B) lactic acid is formed from pyruvic acid in fermentation.
C) one has phosphate and the other doesn't.
D) one is twice as big (6 carbons) as the other (3 carbons).

Question 36

In fermentation, yeast produces

A) ethyl alcohol.
B) oxygen.
C) hydrogen.
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 37

Complete this equation:
Pyruvic Acid + Hydrogen $\rightarrow$ Carbon Dioxide + ____.

A) Oxygen
B) Acetyl
C) Ethyl alcohol
D) Light

Question 38

When an amino acid is converted to a keto acid, it

A) gains nitrogen.
B) becomes a fatty acid.
C) loses nitrogen.
D) becomes a pyruvic acid.

Question 39

In the metabolism of a fatty acid to obtain energy, one of the first steps is that the fatty acid is broken down to

A) acetyl.
B) glycerol.
C) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
D) a keto acid.

Question 40

In converting carbohydrates into fats, acetyl molecules are combined to form

A) amino acid.
B) glycerol.
C) fatty acid.
D) keto acid.

Question 41

In the interconversion of foods, which would be the simplest conversion?

A) protein to fats
B) fats to energy
C) carbohydrates to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
D) amino acids to energy

Question 42

Oxygen is required for ____________ to take place.

A) the electron transfer system
B) light-dependent reactions
C) light-independent reactions
D) glycolysis

Question 43

Carbohydrates can be converted into

A) glycerol.
B) fatty acids.
C) amino acids.
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 44

Which of the following metabolic processes involves enzymes located in the membranes of mitochondria?

A) glycolysis
B) Krebs cycle
C) electron transport system
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 45

All of the following molecules can be stored by cells of your body for later use except

A) carbohydrates.
B) fats.
C) proteins.
D) None of these molecules can be stored.

Question 46

Before fats can be metabolized in aerobic cellular respiration they must be converted to

A) simple sugars.
B) fatty acids and glycerol.
C) amino acids.
D) fatty acids and amino acids.

Question 47

Complex carbohydrates are digested to

A) simple sugars.
B) amino acids.
C) proteins.
D) fatty acids.

Question 48

The digestion of a protein results in

A) sugars.
B) enzymes.
C) amino acids.
D) the formation of peptide bonds.

Question 49

When a carbohydrate is digested, what is the product?

A) energy
B) simple sugars
C) amino groups
D) glycerol and fatty acids

Question 50

Organisms able to make food molecules from inorganic materials and sun energy are

A) autotrophs.
B) aerobic.
C) anaerobic.
D) heterotrophs.

Question 51

Aerobic cellular respiration differs from anaerobic cellular respiration in that

A) anaerobic cellular respiration only takes place in plants.
B) aerobic cellular respiration takes place in mitochondria.
C) anaerobic cellular respiration produces more ATP.
D) aerobic cellular respiration only uses glycolysis.

Question 52

Which of the following processes produces the most ATP?

A) glycolysis
B) Krebs cycle
C) electron transport system
D) anaerobic cellular respiration

Question 53

Which one of the following is NOT required for aerobic cellular respiration to take place?

A) enzymes
B) NAD
C) oxygen
D) carbon dioxide

Question 54

Aerobic cellular respiration takes place in

A) both plants and animals.
B) animals but not plants.
C) plants but not animals.
D) bacteria only.

Question 55

Aerobic cellular respiration differs from anaerobic respiration in that

A) aerobic cellular respiration only takes place in plants.
B) anaerobic cellular respiration requires the presence of mitochondria.
C) aerobic cellular respiration produces more ATP.
D) anaerobic cellular respiration only uses the electron transport system.

Question 56

What is happening here? "W" represents any molecule and e^- represents an electron.
W $\rightarrow$ W⁺ + e^-

A) oxidation of W
B) reduction of W
C) hydrolysis of W
D) None of these choices is correct.

Question 57

The following (C₆ $\rightarrow$ 2 C₃) best represents

A) glycolysis.
B) Krebs cycle.
C) electron transport system.
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 58

The following (C₂ $\rightarrow$ CO₂ + H⁺ + e^-) represents

A) glycolysis.
B) Krebs cycle
C) electron transport system.
D) None of these choices is correct.

Question 59

The following list of products is from which portion of aerobic cellular respiration?
8 NAD⁺ 32 ATP 4 FAD 12 H₂O

A) glycolysis
B) Krebs cycle
C) electron transport system
D) fermentation

Question 60

Which contains the greatest amount of potential energy?

A) C₆H₁₂O₆ (glucose)
B) C₄₈H₈₂O₄₁ (complex carbohydrate)
C) CH₃CH₂COOH (pyruvic acid)
D) CO₂ (carbon dioxide)

Question 61

Which process takes place outside of cells?

A) aerobic cellular respiration
B) anaerobic cellular respiration
C) light-dependent reactions
D) digestion

Question 62

"OUCH!! My muscles are really sore! I've been exercising at such a frantic rate that . . ."

A) my muscle cells have shifted into anaerobic metabolism and I'm making lactic acid that causes them to ache.
B) I'm producing lactic acid that, once I slow down, will make its way back to my liver where it will be converted back into glucose.
C) I need to get more O₂ to my muscle cells.
D) All of these choices are true.

Question 63

Which of the following would NOT be synthesized during anaerobic cellular respiration from pyruvic acid?

A) ethyl alcohol and CO₂
B) lactic acid
C) acetyl
D) acetic acid

Question 64

Without oxygen in a eukaryotic aerobic cell,

A) glycolysis will stop.
B) the Krebs cycle will speed up.
C) the mitochondria will shut down.
D) proteins will be spared.

Question 65

CO₂ is produced

A) when acetyl is formed.
B) during the Krebs cycle.
C) inside mitochondria.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 66

The rate of alcohol absorption depends on

A) the amount of food in the stomach.
B) drugs taken with the alcohol.
C) the amount of strenuous physical exercise.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 67

Which symptom best indicates anaerobic cellular respiration in human muscle cells?

A) pain
B) sweating
C) redness
D) cooling of the skin

Question 68

Which is true of cheese?

A) It is the result of aerobic fermentation.
B) It contains lactic acid.
C) It is spoiled milk.
D) All of the above are correct.