Deck 4: Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

The difference between chromatin material and chromosomes is

A) their structure.
B) the kinds of atoms that they contain.
C) where you find them.
D) that one is a gas and the other is a liquid.

Answer 1

their structure.

Question 2

Antibiotics have ____ cells as their targets.

A) animal
B) eukaryotic
C) fungus
D) bacterial

Answer 2

bacterial

Question 3

One job of the nuclear membrane is to

A) control entry to and exit from the nucleus.
B) produce enzymes.
C) digest chromosomes.
D) contain excess water.

Answer 3

control entry to and exit from the nucleus.

Question 4

The endoplasmic reticulum

A) functions in internal transport of macromolecules.
B) carries on cellular respiration.
C) is the site of photosynthesis.
D) is dispersed nuclear material of DNA and protein.

Question 5

The breakdown of which of the following leads to the self-destruction of the cell?

A) polysome
B) lysosome
C) microsome
D) centrosome

Question 6

A true cellular nucleus is found in

A) bacteria.
B) eukaryotic cells.
C) blue-green algae.
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 7

A storage container in a cell is generally called a(n)

A) vacuole.
B) endoplasmic reticulum.
C) pinocyte.
D) nucleus.

Question 8

Pinocytosis would allow the intake of

A) solid food.
B) gas.
C) molecules dissolved in water.
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 9

Ribosomes are the site of

A) cellular respiration.
B) photosynthesis.
C) anaerobic respiration.
D) protein synthesis.

Question 10

Stroma and grana are found in the

A) chlorophyll.
B) nucleus.
C) chloroplast.
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 11

A membrane is NOT necessary in

A) diffusion.
B) phagocytosis.
C) active transport.
D) osmosis.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true of cell membranes?

A) They are composed of four carbohydrate layers.
B) They contain protein molecules.
C) They regulate movement of some substances into and out of the cell.
D) They contain phospholipids.

Question 13

Chromatin material is

A) one of six materials that make up a chromosome.
B) really the same as a chromosome.
C) one of the cytoplasmic organelles during the cell's normal daily operation.
D) not described by any of these statements.

Question 14

Normal cell functions of noneukaryotes are disrupted by

A) enzymes.
B) mitochondria.
C) antibacterial antibiotics.
D) cell walls.

Question 15

Chromatin is

A) immature nucleoplasm.
B) a cytoplasmic organelle.
C) the arrangement of proteins.
D) uncoiled DNA of a chromosome.

Question 16

Which of the following is involved in the synthesis and packaging of certain molecules produced for secretion by a cell?

A) cell granule
B) Golgi apparatus
C) flagella
D) nucleolus

Question 17

Which of the following organelles contains a green-colored pigment?

A) lysosome
B) mitochondria
C) chloroplast
D) leucoplastosome

Question 18

Protoplasm is all the living material

A) that makes up the contents of a cell.
B) inside the cell membrane except the nucleus.
C) inside the nucleus.
D) inside the cell except the protein material.

Question 19

Eukaryotic cells are found in the group known as the

A) fungi.
B) plants.
C) animals.
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 20

An outside source of energy (ATP) is required for

A) osmosis.
B) diffusion.
C) active transport.
D) None of these answers is true.

Question 21

Cilia are different from flagella in that the cilia are

A) shorter and more numerous.
B) longer and more numerous.
C) shorter and less numerous.
D) larger and less numerous.

Question 22

A carrier molecule is required for

A) osmosis and active transport.
B) active transport and facilitated diffusion.
C) osmosis and diffusion.
D) facilitated diffusion and endocytosis.

Question 23

Chromosomes are

A) composed of DNA and lipid.
B) found only in the cytoplasm.
C) composed of DNA and carbohydrate.
D) composed of DNA and protein.

Question 24

Which of the following lacks a cell wall?

A) plant
B) animal
C) bacteria
D) fungi

Question 25

Nucleoplasm is (are)

A) materials inside the nucleus.
B) cytoplasm.
C) nonliving protoplasm.
D) the excessive amounts of particles located in the cytoplasmic region of the cell.

Question 26

The Golgi apparatus packages

A) energy.
B) hydrogen.
C) waste.
D) enzymes.

Question 27

The aerobic cellular respiration (release of energy from food) of carbohydrates occurs in the

A) lysosome.
B) mitochondrion.
C) chloroplast.
D) flagellum.

Question 28

Noneukaryotic cells lack

A) granules.
B) a nucleus.
C) flagella.
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 29

What structure stores waste produced in the cell?

A) vacuole
B) nucleus
C) lysosome
D) pinocytic vesicle

Question 30

Molecules move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration during

A) osmosis.
B) facilitated diffusion.
C) diffusion.
D) active transport.

Question 31

Long structures used for cell movement are

A) centrioles.
B) cilia.
C) flagella.
D) granules.

Question 32

An energy-converting organelle is a

A) stroma.
B) chloroplast.
C) granule.
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 33

Osmosis is the

A) net movement of water across a differentially permeable membrane.
B) diffusion of any molecule across a differentially permeable membrane.
C) net movement of water from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
D) movement of any molecule from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 34

____ is a cell engulfing large solid materials, and ____ is a cell engulfing materials dissolved in solution.

A) Endocytosis; exocytosis
B) Exocytosis; endocytosis
C) Phagocytosis; pinocytosis
D) Pinocytosis; phagocytosis

Question 35

The coiled DNA is found in

A) chromosomes.
B) centromeres.
C) nucleoli.
D) lysosome.

Question 36

Which of the following do NOT contain endoplasmic reticulum?

A) noneukaryotes
B) animal cells
C) eukaryotic cells
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 37

Which of the following structures is found inside the nuclear membrane?

A) endoplasmic reticulum
B) centriole
C) cell membrane
D) nucleolus

Question 38

The MAIN components of a cell membrane are

A) phospholipids and proteins.
B) steroids and carbohydrates.
C) nucleic acids and simple sugars.
D) proteins and steroids.

Question 39

Food (organic molecules such as glucose) is produced in the

A) mitochondria.
B) nucleolus.
C) centriole.
D) chloroplast.

Question 40

Eukaryotic cells contain

A) a nucleus.
B) cell membranes.
C) organelles.
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 41

The fluid material located outside of the nucleus is the

A) vacuole.
B) protoplasm.
C) cytoplasm.
D) nucleoplasm.

Question 42

For diffusion to occur ____ is necessary.

A) a concentration gradient
B) a differentially permeable membrane
C) temperature above 0 $\degree$ C
D) a carrier molecule

Question 43

The direct intake of a liquid, such as oil, into a cell is called

A) osmosis.
B) phagocytosis.
C) induction.
D) pinocytosis.

Question 44

Proteins are made at the

A) nucleolus.
B) ribosome.
C) Golgi apparatus.
D) grana.

Question 45

____ are NOT composed of microtubules.

A) Cilia
B) Flagella
C) Chromosomes
D) Centrioles

Question 46

Diffusion of water through a differentially permeable membrane is called

A) active transport.
B) energy.
C) osmosis.
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 47

____ is/are associated with ribosomes.

A) Cilia and flagella
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 48

Plant cell walls are primarily composed of

A) protein.
B) chromatin.
C) glycogen.
D) cellulose.

Question 49

What happens when an animal cell is placed into a hypertonic solution?

A) plasmolysis
B) crenation occurs
C) it swells
D) it is unchanged

Question 50

What structure contains the main information storage system of eukaryotes?

A) nucleolus
B) nucleoplasm
C) chloroplast
D) nucleus

Question 51

____ are NOT composed of membranes.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) Microtubules
C) Mitochondria
D) Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 52

The chloroplast is

A) the site of photosynthesis.
B) a reproductive structure.
C) necessary for diffusion.
D) a cause of fermentation.

Question 53

The phospholipids of a cellular membrane will have their ____ ends facing each other (inside) and their ____ ends facing away from each other (outside).

A) hypotonic, hypertonic
B) hypertonic, hypotonic
C) hydrophilic, hydrophobic
D) hydrophobic, hydrophilic

Question 54

Noneukaryotic cells have

A) chloroplasts.
B) ribosomes.
C) endoplasmic reticulum.
D) nuclear membranes.

Question 55

____ is not a component of a cellular membrane.

A) Cholesterol
B) Nucleic acid
C) Phospholipid
D) Protein

Question 56

Material is engulfed directly by the cell by

A) diffusion.
B) osmosis.
C) phagocytosis.
D) active transport.

Question 57

Cell structures that function in cell division are

A) Golgi bodies.
B) ribosomes.
C) granules.
D) centrioles.

Question 58

A cell that is 98% water is placed in a solution containing 1% salt. This cell is now ____ compared to its surroundings.

A) isotonic
B) hypertonic
C) hypotonic
D) hydrophilic

Question 59

Which of the following is composed of DNA?

A) centriole and chromosomes
B) chromosomes and chromatin
C) chromatin and nucleoli
D) nucleoli and centrioles

Question 60

A cell encounters a change in its environment (electrical or heat) that could be fatal. However, it is able to respond in a protective manner because this information is sent indirectly through the cell membrane to the nucleus where it stimulates the appropriate response. This is more likely a process known as

A) active transport.
B) chemomodulation.
C) phagocytosis.
D) signal transduction.

Question 61

A cell that is 98% water is placed in 50% salt water. This cell will

A) shrink.
B) swell.
C) shrink and then swell.
D) remain the same size.

Question 62

A series of canals in the cell that are made up of membranes is/are called

A) cilia.
B) endoplasmic reticulum.
C) mitochondria.
D) ribosomes.

Question 63

Lysosomes contain

A) food.
B) secretions.
C) enzymes.
D) waste.

Question 64

These antigens are responsible for the rejection of transplanted tissues or organs from donors that are "incompatible."

A) human leukocyte antigens
B) histocompatibility antigens
C) HLA
D) All of the choices are true.

Question 65

Which one of the following cell organelles contains RNA?

A) ribosome
B) endoplasmic reticulum
C) Golgi body
D) centriole

Question 66

Most plant cells differ from animal cells in that they

A) possess nucleoli.
B) lack nucleoli.
C) contain mitochondria.
D) lack centrioles.

Question 67

Darker bodies located in the nucleus of some cells are called

A) mitochondria.
B) Golgi bodies.
C) nucleoli.
D) nucleus.

Question 68

A solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved materials than the solution it is compared to is

A) hypertonic.
B) hypotonic.
C) hydrophobic.
D) hydrophilic.

Question 69

Lysosomes originate from the

A) Golgi apparatus.
B) endoplasmic reticulum.
C) mitochondria.
D) chloroplast.

Question 70

Inclusions

A) have a well defined function and structure.
B) are permanent storage sites for nutrients and waste.
C) are almost always located within the nucleus.
D) are concentrated areas of stored materials.

Question 71

A cell containing 2% dissolved materials is placed in a solution consisting of 4% solute. The net movement of ____ molecules will be ____ the cell due to osmosis.

A) solute, into
B) solute, out of
C) water, into
D) water, out of

Question 72

Which of the following help in defending humans against disease?

A) immunoglobulins
B) lysosomes
C) peroxisomes
D) All of the choices help defend against disease.

Question 73

Which of the following cellular organelles is responsible for providing ATP energy for the cell?

A) ribosomes
B) centrioles
C) Golgi apparatus
D) mitochondria

Question 74

Which of the following structures is made of membranes?

A) chromosomes
B) microtubules
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) ribosomes

Question 75

Which of the following organelles contains protein-digesting enzymes that break down proteins to amino acids?

A) chloroplasts
B) lysosomes
C) ribosomes
D) mitochondria

Question 76

Which of the following cells has the greatest number of different cellular organelles made of membranes?

A) bacteria
B) animals
C) plants
D) viruses

Question 77

Which of the following cellular organelles is responsible for manufacturing proteins?

A) ribosomes
B) centrioles
C) Golgi apparatus
D) mitochondria

Question 78

Which of the following structures is made of membranes?

A) nucleolus
B) centriole
C) chloroplast
D) ribosomes

Question 79

Which of the following organelles contains enzymes that are able to manufacture H₂O₂?

A) chloroplasts
B) peroxisomes
C) ribosomes
D) mitochondria

Question 80

Which of the following organelles contains microtubules?

A) mitochondria
B) cilia
C) cell membrane
D) ribosomes