Deck 7: Early Adulthood

Question 1

Early adults need at least 20 minutes of vigorous activity five or more days a week.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Depressants speed the activity of the nervous system.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Sexual activity with a partner usually peaks in the 30s.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

An effective way of managing stress is to take care of your health.

Question 5

Most adolescents have knowledge of HIV/AIDS and only one-third of them changes sexual practices as a result.

Question 6

Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation, and a sign of infertility.

Question 7

Fluid intelligence peaks in early adulthood.

Question 8

The Association of American Colleges and Universities advises the importance of recognizing that your initial reaction to cultural differences may be offensive.

Question 9

One of the challenges of early adulthood is becoming established in the career world.

Question 10

The sex partners of nearly 82% of single European American men were European American women.

Question 11

Marriage is the most common lifestyle of young adults ages 25-34.

Question 12

Many women do not bear children until they are in their 30s, with some delaying until their 40s.

Question 13

It is actually unlikely that having a child will save a marriage.

Question 14

Two of three single parents are mothers while one of three is a father.

Question 15

Between 40% and 50% of the marriages in the United States end in divorce.

Question 16

Nationwide support for gay marriage is on a downward slope.

Question 17

Two people in five want no legal recognition of gay relationships.

Question 18

Attraction-similarity hypothesis states that people tend to develop romantic relationships with people who are similar in attractiveness but different in other traits.

Question 19

It is a fact that couples can remain in love after the passion fades.

Question 20

What is the most common way to transmit HIV?

A) sex between two males
B) blood transfusion
C) genetics
D) sex between male and female

Question 21

The first stage of adulthood, early adulthood, is usually considered to encompass what ages?

A) 18-30
B) 20-40
C) 25-30
D) 30-40

Question 22

At which age does hearing tend to decline in people?

A) late 30s
B) mid 40s
C) late 20s
D) mid 30s

Question 23

What is the leading cause of death among 15-24 year olds?

A) alcohol
B) accidents
C) drug abuse
D) homicide

Question 24

In early adulthood, changes due to aging will begin gradually affecting which of the following systems?

A) Cardiovascular, brain functioning, and vision
B) Respiratory, nervous, and muscular
C) Cardiovascular, immune, and respiratory
D) Vision, immune, and hearing

Question 25

What is the leading cause of death among 25-44 year olds?

A) cancer
B) suicide
C) accident
D) heart disease

Question 26

Americans have been ballooning in weight over the past half century or so. In the 1960s, 31.5% of adults aged 20-74 were overweight, and another 13.3% were obese, totaling 44.8%. As of the middle 2000s, the numbers had swelled to which of the following?

A) 23.1% overweight and 25.7% obese, adding up to 48.7%
B) 28.1% overweight and 32.2% obese, adding up to 60.3%
C) 32.1% overweight and 35.2% obese, adding up to 67.3%
D) 42.1% overweight and 45.2% obese, adding up to 87.3%

Question 27

How many people between the ages of 18 and 24 are obese, according to the CDC survey cited in your text (McCracken et al., 2007)?

A) 30%
B) 40%
C) 57%
D) 63%

Question 28

Which of the following is a disease that would not be helped by 30-60 minutes of physical activity a day?

A) Type II diabetes
B) colon cancer
C) glandular disease
D) heart disease

Question 29

Continuing substance use despite the problems it causes characterizes which of the following?

A) substance dependence
B) substance abuse
C) tolerance
D) abstinence syndrome

Question 30

Abstinence syndrome is evident when which of the following conditions occurs?

A) Substance use is long-term.
B) Substance use is decreased.
C) Substance use is increased.
D) Substance use is withheld.

Question 31

Cocaine accelerates the heart rate, spikes blood pressure, constricts arteries of the heart, and thickens the blood. Which of the following can occur as a result?

A) Cardiovascular and respiratory collapse
B) Blood clots and high blood pressure
C) Heart failure and lung collapse
D) Stroke and heart failure

Question 32

More than one million people in which age group are accidentally injured each year while under the influence?

A) 16-24
B) 18-25
C) 20-26
D) 21-34

Question 33

Approximately how many Americans die from smoking per year?

A) 300,000
B) 450,000
C) 575,000
D) 650,000

Question 34

According to a poll taken by the American Psychological Association (2007), how many Americans are living with "extreme stress"?

A) one third
B) one fourth
C) two thirds
D) three fourths

Question 35

Which of the following is the most effective way to manage stress?

A) Drink moderate amounts of alcohol to relax.
B) Obtain social support.
C) Take anxiety-reducing medication.
D) Temporarily ignore the problems.

Question 36

One study shows that sexual activity peaks in the 20s. What are two main reasons?

A) opportunity and independence
B) maturity and excess
C) independence and rebellion
D) youth and opportunity

Question 37

In which of the following populations is a high number of sex partners more common?

A) Those with higher socioeconomic status
B) Those with a higher education level
C) Those with higher attractiveness
D) Those with higher social skills

Question 38

Education as a liberalizing influence and exposure to more partners are two reasons for a higher rate of sex partners in which of the following populations?

A) People with powerful careers
B) People in government
C) People with higher education
D) People in service industries

Question 39

Studies looking at the development of sexual orientation look at both nature and nurture to explain sexual orientation. When do most people become aware of their own sexuality?

A) Before being involved with either sex
B) During adolescent exploration
C) After being sexually involved with either sex
D) Very early in life

Question 40

About how many new chlamydia infections occur each year (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006)?

A) 1.4 million
B) 1.8 million
C) 2.4 million
D) 2.8 million

Question 41

How is genital herpes transmitted?

A) Vaginal, oral, or anal sex
B) Contact with an infected surface
C) Shaking the hand of someone who is infected
D) Passage through the birth canal of an infected mother

Question 42

How is syphilis treated?

A) natural healing over time
B) antibiotics
C) antiviral drugs
D) piperonal butoxide

Question 43

Which of the following is one of the most common menstrual problems?

A) amenorrhea
B) prostaglandins
C) premenstrual syndrome
D) dysmenorrhea

Question 44

While the fields of learning and social psychology look at nature vs. nurture for the development of sexual orientation, evolutionary psychologists believe which of the following?

A) Strong same-sex relationships increase group survival by binding a group together emotionally.
B) Having more children decreases the chance of passing on the X chromosome believed to influence sexual orientation in males.
C) Strong same sex relationship increases group survival by binding a group together socially due to common interests.
D) Having fewer children increases the fertility in women who carry the X chromosome gene.

Question 45

What is the most common STI diagnosed in the United States?

A) chlamydia
B) human papilloma virus
C) pubic lice
D) syphilis

Question 46

Educational programs about STIs exist in public places and in high school systems, and parents are encouraged to talk to adolescents about STIs. With all of these shared knowledge, how many modify their sexual practices?

A) 8%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 72%

Question 47

Which of the following is one of the most common symptoms of premenstrual syndrome?

A) Muscular tension
B) Headaches
C) Fluid retention
D) Amenorrhea

Question 48

What is the term for painful menstruation?

A) Dysmenorrhea
B) Amenorrhea
C) Premenstrual syndrome
D) Prostaglandis

Question 49

The National Crime Victimization Survey estimates that 191,000 women were sexually assaulted in 2004. This included 72,000 rapes and another 40,000 attempted rapes. How many males are estimated to be victims of rape?

A) 1%
B) 10%
C) 15%
D) 18%

Question 50

Which of the following may lead men to reject "feminine" traits such as tenderness and empathy that might restrain aggression?

A) Stereotyping
B) Gender typing
C) Gender roles
D) Social bias

Question 51

Sexual harassment victimizes which of the following groups at what rates?

A) 10-15% of female college students
B) 30-50% of working men
C) 40-60% of working women
D) 5-8% of male college students

Question 52

In the United States, what is the proportion of women who are raped in their lifetime?

A) 1 in 3
B) 1 in 4
C) 1 in 5
D) 1 in 6

Question 53

Late adolescents typically are likely to have the broadest general knowledge of which subject?

A) science
B) history
C) psychology
D) vocabulary

Question 54

Which of the following is defined as the ability to process information, such as solving math problems?

A) epistemic cognition
B) fluid intelligence
C) crystallized intelligence
D) relativistic thinking

Question 55

Who created the theory of epistemic cognition?

A) Warner Schaie
B) William Perry
C) Gisela Labouvie-Vief
D) Albert Bandura

Question 56

Adolescence carries with it a certain egocentrism that can most impair which of the following areas?

A) judgment and problem solving
B) moral development
C) verbal capacities
D) quantitative capacities

Question 57

Cognitive development in college life doesn't just rest on exposure to "great books"; it is also fostered by which of the following?

A) Students and professors with different views
B) Philosophical thought of the modern era
C) Extended time with similar age groups
D) Taking classes within a specialized area

Question 58

According to the U.S. Department of Justice (2006), about 5 rapes in 6 are committed by acquaintances of the victim, including classmates, coworkers, dates, and family friends. Acquaintance rapes are less likely than stranger rapes to be reported to police. What is the most common reason for this?

A) Rape survivors may not perceive sexual assaults by acquaintances as rapes.
B) Rape survivors believe that they will be blamed for the assault.
C) Being raped by an acquaintance can be embarrassing to admit.
D) The fear that the rape survivor will be viewed only as a "victim" and not as a whole person.

Question 59

What decision-making strategy is characterized by the willingness to accept reality and compromise?

A) pragmatic thought
B) dualistic thinking
C) relativistic thinking
D) cognitive-affective complexity

Question 60

Students often enter college or adult life assuming that there are right and wrong answers for everything, and that the world can be divided easily into black versus white, good versus bad, and us versus them. What is this type of thinking called?

A) crystallized intelligence
B) epistemic cognition
C) dualistic thinking
D) relativistic thinking

Question 61

Thoughts such as, "She may not be beautiful, but she is very nice and smart," are examples of which of the following?

A) pragmatic thought
B) cognitive-affective complexity
C) relativistic thinking
D) dualistic thinking

Question 62

Which of the following would be the definition of relativistic thinking?

A) Belief that the world can be divided into categories
B) The narrowing of possibilities into choices
C) Realization that judgments are made from a belief system
D) Thought process directed at how we arrive at beliefs, facts, and ideas

Question 63

College students are encouraged to do which of the following to help develop critical thinking skills?

A) Oversimplify the material so it is understandable.
B) Simplify the material so it is easier to process.
C) Draw conclusions from available evidence.
D) Be open to opposing viewpoints to learn from others.

Question 64

Which of the following is characterized by earning a living, receiving fringe benefits, and ensuring future security?

A) intrinsic motives
B) extrinsic motives
C) realistic choice stage
D) fantasy stage

Question 65

Which of the following is an example of intrinsic reasoning?

A) self-efficacy
B) self-identity
C) self-esteem
D) self-assurance

Question 66

Which of the following is the time when most individuals become established in careers?

A) adolescence
B) early adulthood
C) young adulthood
D) adulthood

Question 67

The recognition and respect for a job well done that contributes to self-esteem is called ____.

A) self-fulfillment
B) self-identity
C) self-actualization
D) self-worth

Question 68

Which of the following is true about choices in the realistic stage?

A) Choices focus on job opportunities such as acting, medicine, sports, and law enforcement.
B) Choices present a sense of continuing development of the career and a feeling of forward motion.
C) Choices become narrowed by weighing job requirements and rewards against interests, abilities and values.
D) Choices involve severing bonds with the workplace.

Question 69

At what age do children begin to base their choices on interests, abilities, and limitations, as well as glamour?

A) 10
B) 11
C) 12
D) 13

Question 70

The traditional view of development in early adulthood was laid down by which of the following psychologists?

A) Erikson
B) Jung
C) Havighurst
D) Freud

Question 71

According to Steele (2005), highly traditional or insecure parents may find a young adult leaving for college so stressful that it damages the parent-child relationship. Why is this particularly true when female young adults are leaving?

A) Parents tend to feel jealousy over the achievement.
B) Females are more vulnerable "out there" in the world.
C) Traditional families still feel that women do not need an education.
D) Mothers become jealous of the opportunities they were given.

Question 72

Which of the following occurs during the separation and individuation process?

A) Becoming an individual by means of integrating one's own values and beliefs with those of one's parents and one's society
B) Becoming an individual through completely adopting the values and beliefs of one's parents and one's society
C) Becoming an individual by means of dismissing the values and beliefs of one's parents and society while creating individual values and beliefs
D) Becoming an individual by means of distancing one's own values and beliefs from those of parents and one's society

Question 73

What is the central conflict of life crisis of early adulthood, in which a person develops an intimate relationship with a significant other or risks heading down a path toward social isolation?

A) Individualism vs. collectivism
B) Life structure vs. life choices
C) Dream vs reality
D) Intimacy vs. isolation

Question 74

Who published a book called "Season's of a Man's Life"?

A) Erikson
B) Havighurst
C) Levinson
D) Niesta

Question 75

Erikson was criticized for suggesting that young adults who choose to remain celibate or single ____.

A) have failed a stage of development
B) are not developing normally
C) have not made it out of the adolescence state of development
D) have an overdeveloped sense of self

Question 76

Levinson defined life structure as which of the following?

A) The stages of development
B) The building of characteristics and traits over time
C) The plan one has developed for their life
D) The underlying pattern of a person's life at any given moment

Question 77

John has a need to become an architect and build the design for the biggest building in the world. In his mind, he can see himself on the covers of Architectural Digest, the front page of the paper, and see his name in architectural textbooks from now on. Levinson would define this need as which of the following?

A) The dream
B) Life structure
C) Seasons of life
D) Fantasy stage

Question 78

Due to pressures from family of origin and societal constraints, women can experience delays in leaving the family home and feel more pressure to do which of the following?

A) Develop a step-by-step plan for her life before moving out.
B) Achieve a career with financial stability before moving out.
C) Remain in the family home until she marries.
D) Find roommates to live with to limit vulnerability.

Question 79

Feelings of attraction have been defined as which of the following?

A) Chemical responses that trigger a desire for another
B) Psychological forces that draw people together
C) An evolutionary need to find a partner for safety
D) A requirement for romantic interest in another person

Question 80

A time period for adults is characterized by assessment: "Where is my life going?" and "Why am I doing this?". During which state is this reassessment brought up?

A) Early 20s
B) Early 30s
C) Late 30s
D) Early 40s