Deck 6: Adolescence

Question 1

Girls who mature early tend to have lower self-esteem than girls who mature late.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Primary sex characteristics are physical indicators of sexual maturation that are not directly involved in reproduction.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Menarche commonly occurs between the ages of 11 and 14.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

On weekends, many adolescents try to catch up on sleep lost during the week.

Question 5

Bulimia nervosa is a life-threatening eating disorder characterized by extreme fear of a distorted body image.

Question 6

The transition from elementary school is more difficult for boys than girls.

Question 7

Because of the personal fable, many adolescents become action heroes, at least in their own minds.

Question 8

Boys begin to outperform girls on many types of visuospatial tasks starting at age 8 or 9.

Question 9

In Canada, reading is viewed as a mainly masculine activity, with boys traditionally surpassing girls in reading abilities.

Question 10

Males are somewhat superior with regard to using visuospatial skills.

Question 11

For about the last 50 years, educators have believed that female adolescents outperform male adolescents in mathematics.

Question 12

Kohlberg's Stage 5 thinking relies on supposed universal ethical principles, such as those of human life, individual dignity, justice, and reciprocity.

Question 13

Individuals with mature moral judgments are no more likely to engage in moral behavior.

Question 14

Kohlberg believed that the stages of moral development follow the unfolding of innate sequences and are therefore universal.

Question 15

The transition to a new school setting often leads to a raise in grades and involvement in activities.

Question 16

Most intervention efforts are introduced early to students who may drop out of high school before it's too late.

Question 17

Although relationships with parents remain positive, the role of peers increase in adolescence.

Question 18

Peer pressure is fairly week in early adolescence.

Question 19

Relationships with parents have no effect on sexual activity at an early age.

Question 20

Which of the following theorists proposed a period of turmoil and conflict?

A) Hall
B) Erikson
C) Freud
D) Piaget

Question 21

What is the system in which glands regulate each other functioning through a series of hormonal messages?

A) puberty
B) feedback loop
C) asynchronous growth
D) epiphyseal closure

Question 22

Which of the following is an example of a primary sex characteristic?

A) breast development
B) vocal features
C) pubic hair
D) Fallopian tubes

Question 23

Approximately how many inches do girls grow during their largest growth spurt?

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Question 24

Menarch commonly occurs around what age?

A) 8-10
B) 9-11
C) 11-13
D) 14-15

Question 25

What is believed to trigger pubertal changes such as menarche in girls?

A) age
B) height
C) weight
D) breast development

Question 26

Which of the following could be a result of early maturity in males?

A) aggression
B) low popularity
C) low self-esteem
D) loneliness

Question 27

David was speaking with his mother on the phone recently and she commented on how much his voice was beginning to sound like his father's. This is an example of which of the following?

A) primary sex characteristics
B) secondary sex characteristics
C) asynchronous growth
D) feedback loop

Question 28

In reviewing a recent study, it was noted that 15-year-old boys were 6" taller, and girls were 3" taller than their counterparts 30 years earlier. What would this be termed?

A) asynchronous growth
B) secular trend
C) adolescent growth spurt
D) epiphyseal closure

Question 29

Which area of the brain is believed to be malfunctioning when adolescents fail to show adult judgment, insight, and reasoning abilities?

A) cerebral cortex
B) amygdala
C) frontal lobe
D) temporal lobe

Question 30

By what age are girls and boys most satisfied with their bodies?

A) 15
B) 16
C) 17
D) 18

Question 31

How are the frontal lobes of an adolescent brain different from those of an adult?

A) more active
B) less active
C) slower processing
D) faster processing

Question 32

What percent of American adolescents have at least one serious health problem?

A) 15%
B) 18%
C) 23%
D) 32%

Question 33

About how many hours of sleep do adolescents need per night?

A) 7
B) 9
C) 10
D) 11

Question 34

Mike's parents understand that at 16, he needs more rest than he is getting. They have a strict bed time of 10:00 p.m. on school nights. Unfortunately, Mike is wide awake and cannot sleep. Which of the following explains this situation?

A) puberty
B) phase delay
C) increased testosterone levels
D) sleep deprivation

Question 35

Bulimia nervosa is characterized by recurrent cycles of binge eating and which of the following?

A) depression
B) purging
C) fasting
D) anxiety

Question 36

Which of the following is a concern in females in helping to prevent osteoporosis?

A) zinc
B) magnesium
C) iron
D) calcium

Question 37

Which of the following has been linked to chronic illness in adulthood?

A) skipping breakfast
B) eating foods high in calcium
C) irregular eating habits
D) high fat intake

Question 38

What is the upper limit on calories needed by females during the adolescent growth spurt?

A) 1800
B) 2000
C) 2200
D) 2400

Question 39

Which theoretical orientation looks at anorexia nervosa as an issue with separation?

A) Psychoanalytic
B) Evolutionary
C) Cognitive
D) Humanistic

Question 40

Which of the following would be used to treat anorexia nervosa?

A) antipsychotic medication
B) antianxiety medication
C) antidepressant medication
D) antiepileptic medication

Question 41

Psychoanalytic theory suggests that anorexia nervosa provides young women coping mechanisms by doing which of the following?

A) Giving them control over their food intake
B) Keeping breasts and hips flat to make them more asexual
C) Ignoring the social ideal projected in television and magazines
D) Moving out and living on their own

Question 42

Psychoanalytic theory suggests that anorexic young girls are most prone to ____.

A) anger
B) depression
C) sexual fears
D) substance abuse

Question 43

In terms of adolescent cognitive abilities, the picture for ____ is more complex than other abilities, with females excelling in some areas and males in others.

A) oral comprehension
B) visuospatial skills
C) reading
D) mathematics

Question 44

The stage of formal operations begins at what age for the majority of children in developed nations?

A) 8
B) 10
C) 12
D) 14

Question 45

Which of the following pertains to what might be?

A) hypothetical thinking
B) deductive reasoning
C) inductive reasoning
D) symbolic representation

Question 46

At what age are children normally able to begin to understand the meaning of x in algebraic equations?

A) 7
B) 9
C) 11
D) 13

Question 47

Which of the following requires adolescents to perform mental operations with symbols?

A) Algebra
B) Calculus
C) Geometry
D) Trigonometry

Question 48

Which of the following would be an example of imaginary audience?

A) Adolescents believe no one is paying attention to them.
B) Adolescents believe they are able to manipulate others.
C) Adolescents believe they are the center of attention and adored by admirers.
D) Adolescents believe they are the center of attention when they make a mistake.

Question 49

Ted is 17-years-old and has been drinking and driving. He does not believe anything can happen to him. This is an example of which of the following?

A) storm and stress
B) symbolic interaction
C) imaginary audience
D) personal fable

Question 50

At around what age do boys begin to outperform girls in visuospatial tasks?

A) 8
B) 10
C) 12
D) 14

Question 51

In which of the following skills do females surpass males at all ages?

A) analytic reasoning
B) verbal ability
C) visuospatial ability
D) mathematical ability

Question 52

Which of the following theorists did research on mathematic performance based on gender?

A) Hyde
B) Kohlberg
C) Piaget
D) Erikson

Question 53

Ellen and Paul are working together on a school project where they need to imagine how a set of shapes can be manipulated to create a new shape. The first step is to imagine this in their heads and then put it on paper. Paul is able to do this much quicker than Ellen. Which ability are they using?

A) imaginary
B) verbal
C) visuospatial
D) mathematical

Question 54

Which of the following utilizes deductive reasoning?

A) preconventional moral reasoning
B) postconventional moral reasoning
C) conventional cognitive reasoning
D) preconventional cognitive reasoning

Question 55

By age 16, what percent of adolescents show Kohlberg's Stage 6 reasoning?

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20

Question 56

Which of the following can be concluded from studies on moral judgment (Commons et al., 2006; Rest, 1983)?

A) Preconventional moral judgment is utilized most in adolescence.
B) Postconventional moral judgment rises sharply around age 7.
C) Postconventional moral judgment is utilized more than other moral judgment at age 16.
D) Conventional moral judgment accounts for the largest amount of moral statements at age 16.

Question 57

Kohlberg's Stage 4 thinking is defined as which of the following?

A) Moral judgments derived from personal values
B) Ethical principles that include human life and individual dignity
C) Moral judgments emphasizing law and order
D) Moral judgments emphasizing caring and concern for others

Question 58

Which of the following is thought to help increase the level of moral reasoning in juvenile delinquents?

A) Use of symbolism in a group setting
B) Use of deductive reasoning skills in a group setting
C) Use of legal terminology in a group setting
D) Use of moral dilemmas in a group setting

Question 59

What is one reason girls have a more difficult time in middle school than boys?

A) They face gender bias in the classroom.
B) They face less acceptance from older adolescents.
C) They face less attention from older adolescents.
D) They face more attention from older adolescents.

Question 60

Which of the following changes in middle school goes against normal adolescent development?

A) increased autonomy
B) increased peer socialization
C) increased school activities
D) increased teacher control

Question 61

According to a study cited in your text (National Center for Education Statistics, 2007), which of the following groups has the highest drop out rate?

A) European American
B) African American
C) Latin American
D) Asian American

Question 62

Which of the following age groups has the highest percent of all dropouts?

A) 15 year olds
B) 16 year olds
C) 17 year olds
D) 18 year olds

Question 63

Which of the following tests is often used to determine career interests?

A) Holland Survey
B) NEOPIR
C) Harter Personality Inventory
D) MMPI

Question 64

According to a study cited in your text (National Center for Education Statistics, 2007), which age group is be the least likely to drop out?

A) 15 year olds
B) 17 year olds
C) 18 year olds
D) 19 year olds

Question 65

Which of the following would be a good occupation for someone who likes to work with math and details?

A) enterprising
B) realistic
C) investigative
D) conventional

Question 66

Which of the following careers would go well with someone who is high in a social career personality type?

A) accountant
B) scientist
C) veterinarian
D) nurse

Question 67

Which of the following types would fit well in higher-level education and research?

A) realistic
B) investigative
C) conventional
D) social

Question 68

Which of the following high school students would be most likely to have a job?

A) A female junior from a lower income family
B) A male junior from a lower income family
C) A female senior from a middle-class family
D) A male senior from a middle class family

Question 69

Your friends have a daughter who is just starting her first job in her junior year in high school. You have had three teenagers who worked and your friend is asking for advice. What is one piece of advice that most research suggests?

A) Make sure it is a better paying job.
B) Do not let them have the car.
C) Limit the number of hours they work each week.
D) Encourage them to work longer hours on weekends.

Question 70

Which of the following is characterized by gaining an understanding of who you are and what you stand for?

A) identity diffusion
B) ego identity
C) psychological moratorium
D) identity crisis

Question 71

Kevin is in his junior year in high school and doesn't know what he wants to do. He has no major interests and is not involved in activities that he cares about in school. What is Kevin going through according to Erikson?

A) psychological moratorium
B) identity diffusion
C) identity crisis
D) identity status

Question 72

Which identity status would involve making a commitment without considering alternatives?

A) identity achievement
B) moratorium
C) foreclosure
D) identity diffusion

Question 73

Which of the following identity statuses would be most applicable for an adolescent who is exploring his choices, but has no commitment?

A) identity achievement
B) moratorium
C) foreclosure
D) identity diffusion

Question 74

Which of the following would be of the most concern with regard to identity development?

A) identity achievement
B) moratorium
C) foreclosure
D) identity diffusion

Question 75

Which of the following students would most likely have the strongest sense of identity?

A) A first year college student in a first major
B) A second year college student switching majors
C) A third year college student in the same major
D) A fourth year college student who switched majors

Question 76

Which of the following would go along with Erikson's assumptions of identity development?

A) Females are more concerned with work.
B) Males are more concerned with family.
C) Males are more concerned with relationships.
D) Females are more concerned with relationships.

Question 77

Which of the following is the name for Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development?

A) psychological moratorium vs. role diffusion
B) identity diffusion vs. identity crisis
C) ego identity vs. role diffusion
D) ego identity vs. identity crisis

Question 78

Which of the following defines a commitment made by an individual without considering alternatives?

A) foreclosure
B) moratorium
C) identity diffusion
D) identity achievement

Question 79

Which of the following Harter factors would coincide with the following statement: I feel capable of accomplishing what I am asked to do.

A) conduct
B) romantic appeal
C) job competence
D) peer support

Question 80

Annie is 13 years old, and does not feel very good about herself. She has just started attending a new middle school, and thinks she is too fat. Which of the following would provide the most help in getting Annie to feel better about herself?

A) Meeting new friends who feel the same way
B) Repeatedly telling Annie she is not fat
C) Parent support with positive regard
D) Finding a new boyfriend