Deck 5: Social Development: Middle Childhood

Question 1

Boys are slightly heavier and taller than girls between the ages of 9 and 14.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

During middle childhood, neural pathways that connect the cerebellum to the cortex become more myelinated.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Dyslexia is a motor disorder characterized by letter reversals, mirror reading, slow reading, and reduced comprehension.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Placing objects in a series is termed decentration.

Question 5

Psychologists use the term memory to refer to the processes of storing and retrieving information.

Question 6

When we look at an object and then blink our eyes, the visual impression of the object lasts for about ten seconds in what is called sensory memory.

Question 7

Children who read at home during the school years show better reading skills in school and more positive attitudes toward reading.

Question 8

Thurstone suggested that primary mental abilities are dependent on each other.

Question 9

Gardner argued that there are many intelligences, and that each has its neurological bases in its own parts of the brain.

Question 10

The average IQ score in the United States is close to 100.

Question 11

In cultural-familial intellectual deficiency, children are not biologically normal, and develop age-appropriate behavior at a slower pace because of an impoverished home environment.

Question 12

As children undergo the physical developments of middle childhood, more abstract internal traits, or personality traits, begin to play a role.

Question 13

Girls tend to have more positive self-concepts than boys regarding reading, math, and physical appearance.

Question 14

It has been estimated that around 12% of children are seriously depressed in any given year.

Question 15

Perfectionistic children may be depressed because they cannot meet their own standards.

Question 16

Families exert the most powerful influence on a child during his or her first few years.

Question 17

In the early years of middle childhood, friendships are based on proximity.

Question 18

Diet is a major risk factor in obesity.

Question 19

Walt is 10 years old. He is at the ball field and decides to try to walk the top of the fence in front of his teammates. Given the goals of middle childhood, what is one reason he did this?

A) To get attention from his coach
B) To show he was brave enough to be team captain
C) To get acceptance by his teammates
D) To show he was ready for organized sports

Question 20

Which of the following milestones typically occurs at the end of the middle childhood stage?

A) The start of school
B) A strong growth spurt
C) The search for identity
D) The ability to jump rope

Question 21

In comparison to early childhood, how many calories do children in middle childhood normally need?

A) 200-600 more
B) 200-600 less
C) 800-1200 more
D) 800-1200 less

Question 22

At approximately what age do boys begin to show increased muscle while girls show increased fat?

A) 9
B) 10
C) 11
D) 12

Question 23

Based on Figure 5.1 in the text, which of the following ethnic groups shows a higher percentage of girls who are overweight in comparison to boys?

A) Asian American
B) African American
C) European American
D) Mexican American

Question 24

Kali is six years old and wants to learn to do competitive gymnastics at the local dance center. What do you tell her?

A) She has the balance and coordination she needs at this stage.
B) She is almost there, but doesn't quite have the balance and coordination she needs.
C) She will not have the balance and coordination she needs until she reaches adolescence.
D) She has had the coordination and balance she needs since she was four years old.

Question 25

Which of the following would be easiest for girls to do during middle childhood?

A) Swing a bat.
B) Do a somersault.
C) Throw a ball.
D) Do a handstand.

Question 26

Which of the following sports would promote the greatest amount of aerobic exercise?

A) baseball
B) football
C) soccer
D) volleyball

Question 27

David is eight years old and is showing signs of trouble in school. He was doing okay until he had to start reading longer passages in reading class. He also has trouble concentrating on the material and staying in his seat for the whole class. Which of the following could be affecting him?

A) ADD
B) ADHD
C) OCD
D) ODD

Question 28

Which of the following is most likely to be diagnosed with ADHD?

A) A seven year old boy
B) A seven year old girl
C) A fifteen year old boy
D) A fifteen year old girl

Question 29

Which of the following is the current theory about why ADHD occurs?

A) poor diet
B) brain chemistry
C) food additives
D) too much sugar

Question 30

Which of the following would be used to help children with ADHD concentrate?

A) a depressant
B) an antipsychotic
C) a vitamin supplement
D) a stimulant

Question 31

Children with dyslexia often have trouble in school while performing which of the following functions?

A) sitting still and concentrating
B) performing coordinated moves in gym
C) drawing detailed pictures
D) writing sentences correctly

Question 32

Which of the following areas of the brain has been implicated in translating written material?

A) hypothalamus
B) angular gyrus
C) basal ganglia
D) cerebellum

Question 33

Which of the following represents Piaget's stage characterized by flexible, reversible thought concerning tangible objects and events?

A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) sensorimotor
D) concrete operations

Question 34

Steven has a problem on his test that says: "Line 1 is longer than line 2, and line 2 is longer than line 3; is line 3 longer than line 1?" Which concept is this question testing?

A) decentration
B) transitivity
C) seriation
D) conservation

Question 35

Pattie has been asked to place all of her dolls in order from smallest to largest. Which concept will she use?

A) transitivity
B) decentration
C) conservation
D) seriation

Question 36

Which of the following would occur as a child obeys a rule without understanding the reason for the rule?

A) moral realism
B) objective morality
C) immanent justice
D) autonomous morality

Question 37

Which of the following stages of moral development would a child be in when he can differentiate between the consequences for an accident and an intentional act?

A) moral realism
B) objective morality
C) immanent justice
D) autonomous morality

Question 38

Which of the following stages of moral development is characterized by considering the meaning of social rules?

A) moral realism
B) objective morality
C) immanent justice
D) autonomous morality

Question 39

Which of the following would represent Piaget's views on autonomous morality?

A) Casey follows the rules because her mother says so.
B) Casey follows the rules because she has to.
C) Casey follows the rules because she does not want to get punished.
D) Casey follows the rules because she recognizes why these rules were formed.

Question 40

During which Kohlberg stage would a child look at how a behavior reflects showing respect for authority?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4

Question 41

Which Kohlberg stage would look primarily at avoiding punishment?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 3
C) Stage 5
D) Stage 6

Question 42

Which Kohlberg stage would take into account both human need and maintaining order?

A) Stage 3
B) Stage 4
C) Stage 5
D) Stage 6

Question 43

On her way to school, Vicky saw an older woman fall and lose all of her groceries. She knew that if she stopped to help pick them up, she would be late for school and would not be allowed to play at recess, but she also knew that the woman needed some help. She decided to help the woman. Which stage of moral development is she operating under?

A) objective
B) preconventional
C) conventional
D) postconventional

Question 44

Which of the following are the three elements in information processing?

A) learning, remembering, and behaving
B) learning, remembering, and problem solving
C) learning, problem solving, and behaving
D) remembering, problem solving, and behaving

Question 45

Which of the following is characterized by the ability to focus one's attention and screen out distractions?

A) sensory memory
B) selective attention
C) problem solving
D) remembering

Question 46

Which of the following occurs as a child is able to attend to more than one aspect of a problem at one time?

A) seriation
B) conservation
C) transition
D) encoding

Question 47

Which memory structure holds a sensory stimulus for 30 seconds after the trace decays?

A) sensory
B) working
C) long-term
D) elaborative

Question 48

Adele is at a party and is meeting new people. As she is introduced to each person, she tries to think of something to associate their names with so she can remember them. What is Adele doing?

A) encoding the information
B) rehearsing the information
C) retrieving the information
D) repeating the information

Question 49

Which of the following would be an example of rehearsing?

A) writing note cards
B) repeating a name over and over
C) visualizing what someone is wearing
D) coding information into blocks

Question 50

Kaitlyn must put her new vocabulary words into sentences that correctly show the meaning. What is her teacher trying to develop?

A) scaffolding
B) zone of proximal development
C) elaborative strategy
D) metacognition

Question 51

Which of the following is the term for awareness and control of one's cognitive abilities?

A) metacognition
B) encoding
C) elaborative strategy
D) metamemory

Question 52

The principal is investigating how a first-grade fight started and asks Sally if Rob hit Ben first. Was this a proper question?

A) Yes; it gave Sally the opportunity to give a short answer.
B) Yes; it provided Sally with a leading question..
C) No; it didn't allow Sally the opportunity to give a short answer.
D) No; it provided Sally with a leading question.

Question 53

Which of the following would be an example of the word-recognition method?

A) Sounding out a word
B) Flashing different colors on the screen for identification
C) Showing the word repeatedly
D) Reading words with pictures

Question 54

Which of the following theorists defined intelligence as the capacity to understand the world and cope with its challenges?

A) Binet
B) Spearman
C) Wechsler
D) Sternberg

Question 55

Which of the following is characterized by a child's acquired performance or competencies?

A) intelligence
B) primary mental abilities
C) learning ability
D) achievement

Question 56

Which of the following Thurstone abilities would be in effect when a child works on a timed word puzzle?

A) memory
B) inductive reasoning
C) word fluency
D) verbal meaning

Question 57

Alli is trying to formulate a sentence to show that she knows how to use the word "instant" in context. Which Thurstone ability is she using?

A) memory
B) verbal meaning
C) word fluency
D) deductive reasoning

Question 58

Which of the following represents the three parts of Sternberg's theory?

A) analytical intelligence, practical intelligence, and creative intelligence
B) analytical intelligence, primary intelligence, and creative intelligence
C) interpersonal intelligence, practical intelligence, and naturalist intelligence
D) emotional intelligence, analytical intelligence, and practical intelligence

Question 59

Which of the following theorists proposed a theory designed around a common underlying factor of intelligence, called g?

A) Spearman
B) Thurstone
C) Sternberg
D) Wechsler

Question 60

Which of the following theorists proposed a musical intelligence?

A) Thurstone
B) Binet
C) Sternberg
D) Gardner

Question 61

Which of the following would be a ratio obtained by a score on an intelligence test?

A) MA
B) IQ
C) CA
D) MSQ

Question 62

What would an MA of 16 mean?

A) The individual is 16 years old at the time of the test.
B) The test is designed for 16 year olds.
C) The individual got 16 questions right on a sliding scale.
D) The individual is functioning intellectually as a 16 year old.

Question 63

If a child answers that people go to the store to get food to eat, which SBIS level is being tested?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 9
D) adult

Question 64

How is an intelligence quotient computed?

A) An individual's mental age is multiplied by their chronological age.
B) An individual's chronological age is divided by their mental age.
C) An individual's mental age is subtracted from their chronological age.
D) An individual's mental age is divided by their chronological age.

Question 65

Which of the following would be an example of a performance task?

A) Describing how to put blocks together
B) Doing a mathematical problem
C) Stating how two things are alike
D) Putting blocks together

Question 66

Why do some criticize the cultural fairness of intelligence tests?

A) Certain cultures score lower on mathematical and linguistic intelligences.
B) Certain cultures have different strengths in areas that predict academic success.
C) Certain cultures evaluate intelligence through other measures.
D) Certain cultures do not have the experiences required for some test questions.

Question 67

When does the first major intellectual growth spurt occur?

A) Around 4 years old
B) Around 5 years old
C) Around 6 years old
D) Around 7 years old

Question 68

What is the general average IQ score in the United States?

A) 95
B) 100
C) 105
D) 110

Question 69

Which of the following is thought to cause the intellectual deficiencies in Down syndrome?

A) phenylketonuria
B) brain damage in the womb
C) impoverished home environment
D) chromosomal abnormalities

Question 70

Kevin took an intelligence test in fifth grade and scored a 131. What does this mean?

A) Kevin is considered intellectually deficient.
B) Kevin is considered average.
C) Kevin is considered high average.
D) Kevin is considered gifted.

Question 71

What is one reason Asian American students might work harder in school?

A) In their culture, academic success is attributed to natural ability.
B) In their culture, academic success is rewarded.
C) In their culture, academic success is rare and highly prized.
D) In their culture, academic success is attributed to hard work.

Question 72

Ed is working on a logic puzzle and decides to brainstorm ideas rather than take a methodical approach. What type of thinking is Ed using?

A) deductive reasoning
B) inductive reasoning
C) convergent thinking
D) divergent thinking

Question 73

Which of the following will likely have the greatest chance of having similar IQ scores?

A) Siblings reared together
B) Biological parent and child living together
C) Adoptive siblings reared together
D) Identical twins reared together

Question 74

Which theorist looked at middle childhood as a time of developing competence?

A) Freud
B) Erikson
C) Piaget
D) Bandura

Question 75

In which Selman level would Mary begin to consider the point of view of another when discussing an issue?

A) Level 1
B) Level 2
C) Level 3
D) Level 4

Question 76

At what point do children determine that just because they see someone else's point of view doesn't mean they will come to an agreement?

A) Level 1
B) Level 2
C) Level 3
D) Level 4

Question 77

What does the Twenty Statements Test have to do with development of self?

A) It investigates the development of personality disorders.
B) It investigates the progression of egotistical thinking.
C) It investigates the development of concrete external traits.
D) It investigates the development of abstract internal traits.

Question 78

Which question does the Twenty Statements Test ask?

A) What do I like?
B) Why am I?
C) Who am I?
D) What do I do?

Question 79

Larry is sitting on the sidelines at soccer practice because he stopped trying. He thought the other boys had more ability than he did, and he felt there was no sense in trying because he would never catch up. This is an example of which concept?

A) learned helplessness
B) internal locus of control
C) childhood depression
D) fatalism

Question 80

Which of the following would be an example of learned helplessness?

A) Cody keeps trying to pass a math test by studying.
B) Cody decides he doesn't really need math and stops studying.
C) Cody decides he can pass the math test if he tries hard enough.
D) Cody stops trying to pass the math test because he is not good at math.