Deck 8: Individual Counseling

Question 1

Researchers studying counseling outcome focus primarily on client characteristics as they relate to counseling success.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Effective counselors generally consider the context in which an individual's problems arise.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Personal construct theorists object to formal diagnosis and labeling of client behavior.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Since transference can impede the development of the counseling process, it should be ignored.

Question 5

Resistance is generally a sign that counselor and client are getting close to important feelings in the client.

Question 6

Since the first interview can be awkward for both counselors and clients, it is advisable to engage in social chit-chat to put clients at ease.

Question 7

In the middle stage of counseling, the focus typically shifts from client exploration of emotions to client exploration of cognitive processes.

Question 8

Women therapists at Stone Center, Wellesley put more emphasis on the middle stage of counseling than do humanists or cognitive-behaviorists.

Question 9

Since counselor roles are well defined, the counseling setting has minimal effect on the type of counseling offered.

Question 10

Countertransference refers to the transference of the client's unresolved emotions to the counselor.

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding the counseling setting?

A) College counseling services rarely set limits on number of sessions.
B) The counseling setting has minimal influence on type of services offered.
C) In the community, brief counseling services are increasingly being mandated by managed care.
D) None of the above.

Question 12

One significant characteristic of all voluntary clients is:

A) They have little apprehension about counseling
B) They have recognized they have difficulties and are motivated to seek help.
C) They can verbalize problems easily.
D) They readily establish relationships with counselors.

Question 13

In which stage of the counseling process is a collaborative counselor/client relationship most likely to occur?

A) First interview.
B) Final stage.
C) Middle stage
D) Termination

Question 14

Counselor strategies to influence clients to change behavior have been developed primarily by which one of the following theorists?

A) Humanists.
B) Cognitive/behaviorists
C) Psychosocial counselors
D) Existentialists

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of a working alliance?

A) Mutual agreement about goals
B) Establishment of an emotional bond
C) Mutual agreement about termination
D) All of the above.

Question 16

In the first session counselors generally use the following method to obtain general information from the client:

A) Open questions.
B) Paraphrasing.
C) Closed questions.
D) Confrontation

Question 17

Which of the following is not a technique typically used by personal construct theorists in helping clients explore and discover their personal constructs?

A) Confrontation.
B) Grids
C) Laddering.
D) Pyramiding

Question 18

Meta-analysis has been criticized because of insufficient attention in each study to

A) Client age
B) Quality of research design
C) Type of theory and technique
D) Severity of client problem

Question 19

Which is not true about termination?

A) Clients may feel apprehensive.
B) Symptoms may reappear.
C) Clients often make poor judgments about when to terminate.
D) Clients and counselors often make joint decisions about termination.

Question 20

What is meant by a working alliance?

Question 21

Discuss how counselors determine which clients are suitable for brief counseling.

Question 22

Briefly describe stages in counseling including major tasks to be accomplished in each stage.

Question 23

Which client characteristics are most likely related to favorable counseling outcomes?

Question 24

How do feminist therapists at Stone Center differ from traditional therapists in their beliefs about the middle stages of counseling?

Question 25

Explain the concepts transference, resistance, and countertransference and indicate their significance in counseling

Question 26

Describe an effective procedure for terminating counseling.

Question 27

Summarize what researchers have found regarding counseling outcome in individual counseling.

Question 28

Describe differences in listening and attending skills and social influencing skills. How are they used in the counseling process?

Question 29

Counselors are paying increasing attention to the social context in which clients are experiencing problems. Why is this of particular importance in multicultural counseling?