Deck 10: Violent Crime

Question 1

Marc Lepine killed 14 women and wounded 12 others at the École Polytechnique. What is this event known as?

A) the Montreal Terrors
B) the Montreal Massacre
C) Polytechnique Plight
D) Black Montreal

Answer 1

the Montreal Massacre

Question 2

What did Laura Bender conclude when she examined convicted juveniles who had killed their victims?

A) Most felt no remorse, or could not comprehend their actions.
B) They suffered from abnormal electroencephalograph readings, learning disabilities, and psychosis.
C) They were totally normal individuals who had just snapped, usually because of bullying.
D) They showed early warning signs that should have been detected by their parents, but minimal parental observation hindered intervention.

Answer 2

They suffered from abnormal electroencephalograph readings, learning disabilities, and psychosis.

Question 3

What type of crime are murder, assault, and robbery?

A) violent
B) property
C) white-collar
D) public order

Answer 3

violent

Question 4

Who was responsible for a violent attack and beheading on a bus travelling from Winnipeg to Edmonton?

A) Tim MacLean
B) Kimveer Gill
C) Vince Li
D) Valery Fabrikant

Question 5

Which statement best describes the murder rate in Canada?

A) It is consistent across all communities across Canada.
B) It is very low compared to western European countries such as the United Kingdom and France.
C) It varies amongst different communities but is generally considered low.
D) It is growing higher and higher each year as violent gun crime increases.

Question 6

Which of the following would best explain a perpetrator found to have an abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG)?

A) personal trait
B) abused as a child
C) ineffective family
D) evolutionary factor

Question 7

Which of the following would best explain a violent perpetrator who comes from a home where he or she regularly witnessed violence?

A) personal trait
B) abused as a child
C) ineffective family
D) evolutionary factor

Question 8

Which of the following best explains the roots of violence, including the "brutalization process"?

A) personal trait
B) abused as a child
C) ineffective family
D) evolutionary factor

Question 9

What do research studies indicate about children who are clinically diagnosed as abused?

A) They have a significantly higher chance of being murdered by their parents.
B) They are more likely to be molested by strangers and relatives.
C) They are more likely to engage in violent delinquent behaviour.
D) They are more likely to be selectively incapacitated.

Question 10

What are children who are physically punished more likely to do?

A) abuse a sibling and later engage in spouse abuse
B) become addicted to illegal drugs
C) slip into the brutalization process
D) engage in virulence reactions

Question 11

Which instinctual drive would cause an individual to commit suicide?

A) thanatos
B) eros
C) id
D) superego

Question 12

According to evolutionary theories in criminology, what type of behaviour has long-term influences that suggest why violent behaviour may have become instinctual?

A) altruistic
B) humanistic
C) reproductive
D) self-preservation

Question 13

Which of the following contains a theory that explains violence as the result of aggressive males successfully reproducing more than less aggressive males?

A) abused as a child
B) evolutionary factors
C) personal traits
D) cultural values

Question 14

According to Marvin Wolfgang, what is responsible for an argument in a bar that ends in a death?

A) mental illness
B) the subculture of violence
C) inherited violent tendencies
D) relative deprivation

Question 15

According to Marvin Wolfgang, why do some areas or groups have higher than expected levels of violence?

A) subculture of abuse
B) subculture of male dominance
C) subculture of evolutionary traits
D) subculture of violence

Question 16

According to police data and the results of victimization surveys in Canada, where are the highest rates of victimization due to violent crime?

A) Maritimes
B) Ontario and Quebec
C) Western provinces
D) Territories

Question 17

What do Kennedy and Silverman suggest causes the higher rates of crime in the westward direction?

A) more immigration in the West
B) less severe laws in the West
C) relative disadvantage
D) police inefficiency

Question 18

What do Kennedy and Silverman suggest high levels of relative disadvantage may be responsible for in more western Canadian areas?

A) higher levels of crime
B) lower levels of crime
C) higher birth rates
D) lower birth rates

Question 19

What type of relationship exists when the mood-altering properties of a drug are related to violent acts?

A) economic compulsive
B) systemic
C) structural
D) psychopharmacological

Question 20

What does economic compulsive behaviour refer to in regards to substance abuse?

A) the activities of gangs whose members sell and use drugs
B) when drug users resort to criminal acts to gain funds to support their habit
C) drug-related deaths caused by drug-trafficking conflicts
D) the direct consequences of ingesting mood-altering substances

Question 21

Which drug is known to produce aggression and often violence as a part of its psychopharmacological properties?

A) PCP
B) marijuana
C) alcohol
D) Zoloft

Question 22

How does Canada's homicide rate compare to other Western societies?

A) higher
B) lower
C) equal
D) unmeasurable

Question 23

Which statement best describes the long-term trend in firearm-related homicides in Canada from the 1970s until today?

A) The trend shows the numbers of firearm related homicides to be stable during that period.
B) The trend shows an increase in firearm related homicides during that time.
C) The trend shows a decrease in firearm related homicides during that time.
D) There is insufficient data from the 1970s to compare it to today.

Question 24

Which type of firearm is used in nearly three-quarters of all firearm homicides?

A) handgun
B) shotgun
C) rifle
D) black powder

Question 25

In Canada in 1961, approximately 42 percent of all homicides involved shootings. What percentage of homicides involved shootings in 1999?

A) 26
B) 41
C) 50
D) 80

Question 26

In approximately what percentage of suicides in Canada are handguns the cause of death?

A) 30
B) 50
C) 65
D) 80

Question 27

What is the term used to describe violence toward strangers that results in improving the financial or social position of the criminal?

A) status aggression
B) instrumental crime
C) white-collar crime
D) expressive crime

Question 28

George steals a woman's purse from right beside her while she isn't looking. George throws away the purse, but sells her phone and tries to use her credit card to buy lottery tickets. What type of crime is stealing the woman's purse an example of?

A) conflict-related violence
B) instrumental crime
C) white-collar crime
D) expressive crime

Question 29

William is laid off from his job at an airplane manufacturer and, in a rage of anger, goes in to a convenience store and starts smashing items with a baseball bat. What type of crime is this an example of?

A) status aggression
B) instrumental crime
C) white-collar crime
D) expressive crime

Question 30

Mark finds out that his girlfriend, Caroline, has been cheating on him with his best friend David. In a rage of anger Mark goes to David's house and shoots David. What type of crime is this an example of?

A) conflict-related violence
B) instrumental crime
C) white-collar crime
D) expressive crime

Question 31

While Ritika is robbing a bank she shoots the security guard when he refuses to give her the keys to the vault. What would type of crime is the shooting an example of?

A) conflict-related violence
B) instrumental crime
C) crime-related violence
D) expressive crime

Question 32

Which term is another name for instrumental crimes?

A) conflict-related
B) crime-related
C) crimes of passion
D) unintentional

Question 33

What is crime-related violence sometimes called?

A) expressive violence
B) instrumental crime
C) crimes of passion
D) unintentional

Question 34

Which of the following best defines expressive violence?

A) crimes which vent rage, anger, or frustration
B) crimes which result in financial gain
C) common-law crimes directed as specific goals
D) politically motivated crimes

Question 35

What is the common law definition of rape?

A) the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will
B) the forced participation in fellatio, cunnilingus, and anal intercourse
C) the coerced participation of a male in intercourse
D) coerced harm, rather than physical injury from sexual intercourse, induced by the threat of social or economic penalty

Question 36

Which group of people were not protected by the Canadian rape laws until 1983?

A) women raped by employers
B) women raped by their husbands
C) women raped while drunk
D) women raped by another woman

Question 37

Which group of people were protected against accusations of rape until the reformation of Canadian sexual assault laws in 1983?

A) men who raped their wives
B) men who sexually assaulted an animal
C) men who raped a prostitute
D) men who sexually assaulted their ex-wife

Question 38

When was the clause in rape law exempting husbands from raping their wives removed?

A) 1968
B) 1974
C) 1982
D) 1990

Question 39

According to Susan Brownmiller, when did the criminalization of rape occur?

A) only after the establishment of a matriarchal hegemony
B) only after the development of a monetary economy
C) only after the creation of a patriarchal social structure
D) only after the dissolution of a chivalrous caste system

Question 40

What did feudal laws of the Middle Ages treat women as?

A) equals to men
B) property
C) worth more than men
D) not worth mentioning

Question 41

In the 15th century, forcible sex was outlawed against which type of woman?

A) peasants
B) married women
C) nuns
D) nobility

Question 42

Which practice illustrates that feudal law gave little thought or protection to women and equated them with property?

A) adultery
B) bigamy
C) heiress stealing
D) prenuptial agreements

Question 43

What percentage of sexual assault is reported to the police in Canada?

A) 8
B) 10
C) 22
D) 30

Question 44

Which area is likely to have a higher rate of rapes?

A) metropolitan
B) rural
C) suburban
D) industrial

Question 45

Which term refers to the problem that accounts of rape vary due to reporting practices?

A) offender specific crime
B) variable rate crime
C) report-sensitive crime
D) process-sensitive crime

Question 46

Which term best describes sexual assault, date rape, and other violence against women?

A) conflict-related violence
B) instrumental crime
C) gendered violence
D) expressive crime

Question 47

Which of the following best defines the term "gendered violence"?

A) any crime committed by a man against a woman
B) any crime where the offender and victim identify as different genders
C) a crime in which the victim is chosen because of their gender
D) a set of crimes where women tend to be victimized by men

Question 48

Males are not the only perpetrators of sexual assault offences. What percentages of offences against youths are committed by females?

A) 1-4
B) 10-20
C) 40-50
D) 80-90

Question 49

According to Nicholas Groth, an expert on the classification and treatment of sex offenders, what three elements are contained in every rape encounter?

A) power, sadism, and chivalry
B) chivalry, sadism, and anger
C) domination, fornication, and abuse
D) anger, power, and sexuality

Question 50

According to Nicholas Groth, what type of rape involves an attacker who does not want to harm his victim necessarily, as much as he wants to possess her sexually?

A) power
B) anger
C) sadistic
D) dominance

Question 51

In what type of rape is the attacker's goal sexual conquest?

A) sadistic
B) power
C) anger
D) stranger

Question 52

What type of rapists are the most common?

A) sadistic
B) power
C) anger
D) amoral

Question 53

According to the 2009 General Social Survey, approximately what percentage of rapes involves acquaintances?

A) 25
B) 30
C) 50
D) 80

Question 54

What term refers to rapes involving some form of courting relationship?

A) violent rape
B) date rape
C) invested aggressive rape
D) intimate rape

Question 55

What immoral activity were female university students hoping to expose when they wrote the names of male suspects on the walls of public washrooms on campus?

A) theft
B) rape
C) plagiarism
D) cheating

Question 56

What is the name of the drug that rapists use to sedate women?

A) tryptophan
B) serotorinol
C) rohypnol
D) dilaudid

Question 57

Traditionally, a legally married husband could not be charged with raping his own wife. What is this referred to as?

A) marital exemption
B) rape shield laws
C) consensual exemption
D) spousal shield laws

Question 58

According to sociobiologists, what male instinctual drive results in rape?

A) dominate women
B) be violent and aggressive
C) maximize offspring
D) produce testosterone and androgens

Question 59

According to the male socialization view of rape, why do some men rape?

A) because of sexual insecurity and to bolster their self-image and masculine identity
B) because they are homosexuals and cannot face their sexual identities
C) because of their biological need to reproduce as much as possible
D) because they suffer from personality disorders or mental illness

Question 60

Less aggressive males are able to procreate and have children more likely to reach adulthood. Which explanation of rape does this fact undercut?

A) evolutionary
B) socialization
C) psychology
D) social learning

Question 61

What type of theory is supported by the discovery of evidence that shows men learn sexual violence from the media?

A) evolutionary
B) social learning
C) instinctual
D) structural

Question 62

Martin is 12-years-old and is accused of raping another child after seeing a story on the news about a woman who was raped. Which explanation of rape would this be an example of?

A) evolutionary
B) socialization
C) psychology
D) social learning

Question 63

Joseph is on trial for raping his neighbour, and his attorney argues that Joseph has a severe personality disorder that caused him to commit such a heinous act. Which explanation for rape is the attorney referring to?

A) evolutionary
B) socialization
C) psychology
D) social learning

Question 64

Which explanation argues that rape is caused by sexual insecurity and the perception that a lack of sexual experience is shameful?

A) evolutionary
B) socialization
C) psychology
D) social learning

Question 65

There has been recent speculation that some rapes may be sexually motivated. Who is more likely to rape for sexual gratification?

A) older rapists
B) younger rapists
C) female rapists
D) previously convicted rapists

Question 66

According to some theorists, what do older rapists tend to do?

A) select older victims
B) rape for motives of power and control
C) harm their victims more often than younger rapists
D) engage their victims in scripted rape rituals

Question 67

Which type of crime often requires victim dissent in order to obtain a conviction?

A) robbery
B) theft
C) manslaughter
D) rape

Question 68

Brenda goes out on a date and is raped by her companion. In order to prove rape in a court of law, it is essential to show that the sexual relations were forced. What is this requirement called?

A) lack of consent
B) corroboration
C) shield
D) physical evidence

Question 69

What new laws protect women from being questioned about their sexual histories in rape cases?

A) historical immunity laws
B) shield laws
C) exclusion of evidence laws under the Charter
D) corroboratory laws

Question 70

Traditionally, what term referred to third-party evidence that a rape took place, which was required in order to prove guilt?

A) consent
B) corroboration
C) direct evidence rule
D) physical evidence rule

Question 71

According to the Criminal Code, in which of the following is there consent to sexual activity?

A) the agreement is expressed by someone else
B) the complainant, after already beginning sexual activity, decides to stop
C) the complainant is induced by the accused to engage in sexual activity by the abuse of power
D) the complainant has expressed consent only implicitly (by nodding), and not vocally

Question 72

What is it called when a death results from negligent or unthinking behaviour, even though the perpetrator did not wish to kill the victim?

A) manslaughter
B) malicious intent
C) implied malice
D) inherent malice

Question 73

What is the colloquial term for homicide?

A) murder
B) assault
C) manslaughter
D) infanticide

Question 74

As of 2012, what is the most common method for committing homicides in Canada?

A) stabbing
B) strangulation
C) shooting
D) poison

Question 75

In 2012, which Canadian province recorded a rate of zero homicides?

A) Ontario
B) Nova Scotia
C) Alberta
D) Prince Edward Island

Question 76

Which Canadian province had the highest murder rate in 2012?

A) Ontario
B) Manitoba
C) Alberta
D) New Brunswick

Question 77

What term refers to a killing that was considered beforehand and motivated by more than a simple desire to engage in an act of violence or impulse?

A) premeditation
B) organizational malice
C) involuntary forethought
D) murder in the second degree

Question 78

Which factor is required to convict a person of first-degree homicide?

A) the use of a weapon
B) a witness
C) proof of inebriation
D) premeditation

Question 79

What type of murder has occurred when a person's wanton disregard for the victim's life and the desire to inflict serious bodily harm results in the loss of human life?

A) second-degree murder
B) capital murder
C) involuntary manslaughter
D) negligent manslaughter

Question 80

What term refers to an unlawful homicide without malice?

A) first-degree murder
B) second-degree murder
C) manslaughter
D) aggravated assault