Deck 6: Adipose Tissue

Question 1

White adipocytes are derived developmentally from what precursor cells?

A) Monocytes
B) Fibroblasts
C) Mesenchymal cells
D) Brown adipocytes
E) Mast cells

Answer 1

Mesenchymal cells

Question 2

What are the relatively large particles formed in the intestinal epithelial cells and rich in ingested lipids?

A) Fatty acids
B) Chylomicrons
C) Glycerols
D) Very low-density lipoproteins
E) Adipocytes

Answer 2

Chylomicrons

Question 3

What substance, released from the adrenal gland and some autonomic neurons, increases lipolytic activity in white adipocytes?

A) Leptin
B) Insulin
C) Norepinephrine
D) Glycogen
E) Triglyceride

Answer 3

Norepinephrine

Question 4

What is the most important form of lipid storage in both white and brown adipocytes?

A) Free fatty acids
B) Cholesterol
C) Chylomicrons
D) Glycerol
E) Triglycerides

Question 5

Important target cells of leptin are found in which organ?

A) Small intestine
B) White adipose tissue
C) Large intestine
D) Hypothalamus
E) Brown adipose tissue

Question 6

The hormone-sensitive lipase in the cells of adipose tissue acts primarily on what substrate?

A) Glucose
B) Free fatty acids
C) Glycerol
D) Triglycerides
E) Very-low-density lipoproteins

Question 7

Applied to adipocytes, the term "multilocular" refers to which of the following?

A) The large number of small cytoplasmic lipid droplets
B) The proliferation of the cells in an obese individual
C) The large number of mitochondria in the cells
D) The high density of nerves supplying the tissue
E) The type of mesenchymal cells also present

Question 8

Fully differentiated white adipocytes are large cells, typically having diameters of approximately what size?

A) $5 \mu \mathrm{m}$
B) $10 \mu \mathrm{m}$
C) $100 \mu \mathrm{m}$
D) $500 \mu \mathrm{m}$
E) $1000 \mu \mathrm{m}$

Question 9

Ten days after birth a full-term newborn boy develops firm, erythematous nodules, and plaques over his trunk, arms, buttocks, thighs, and cheeks. His mother's pregnancy was complicated by placenta previa and his airway was cleared of aspirated meconium immediately after birth. A biopsy of subcutaneous tissue shows necrosis within the brown adipose tissue. What metabolic activity is liable to be affected in this patient?

A) Export of fatty acids from fat
B) Thermal insulation
C) Oxidation of fatty acids for thermogenesis
D) Activation of the adenylate cyclase system
E) Initiation of shivering

Question 10

A 44-year-old African-American woman visits her family physician for a physical examination at the urging of her husband. She has no current complaints and is taking no medications. She is allergic to erythromycin. She works as a software developer and lives with her 52 -year-old husband and 12-year-old daughter. She is a nonsmoker and drinks an occasional glass of wine when she and her husband go out to dinner. She is involved in no regular exercise. Her mother is 66 and suffers from type II diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension and had a myocardial infarction last year. The patient's father died of a stroke last year at the age of 72. On examination, the patient's blood pressure is $155 / 100 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}$ , pulse 84, weight $215 \mathrm{lb}$ (increased from $180 \mathrm{lb} 3$ years ago), and height $5 \mathrm{ft} .7 \mathrm{in}$ . In this patient, during the period of weight gain which one of the following responses would be most likely in her white fat?

A) Increased synthesis of growth hormone
B) Decreased synthesis of leptin
C) Increased release of chylomicrons to the blood
D) Decreased conversion of beige adipocytes to unilocular white adipocytes
E) Increased incorporation of fatty acids into triglycerides