Deck 11: The Circulatorysystem

Question 1

Vasa vasorum serve a function analogous to that of which of the following?

A) Valves
B) Basal lamina
C) Coronary arteries
D) Endothelial diaphragms
E) Arterioles

Answer 1

Coronary arteries

Question 2

What tissue is directly associated with and extends into the heart valves?

A) Myocardium
B) Epicardium
C) Atrioventricular bundle of His
D) Cardiac skeleton
E) Pericardium

Answer 2

Cardiac skeleton

Question 3

Which of the following is true for ventricles?

A) Located at the base of the heart
B) Myocardial cells contains abundant granules
C) Receive blood directly from the venae cavae and pulmonary veins
D) Walls contain Purkinje fibers of the right and left branches from the atrioventricular bundle
E) Contain more elastic fibers than the atria

Answer 3

Walls contain Purkinje fibers of the right and left branches from the atrioventricular bundle

Question 4

Individuals with Marfan syndrome have mutations in the fibrillin gene and commonly experience aortic aneurisms. What portion of the arterial wall is most likely to be affected by the malformed fibrillin?

A) Endothelium
B) Tunica intima
C) Tunica media
D) Tunica adventitia
E) Vasa vasorum

Question 5

Which description is true of continuous capillaries?

A) Unusually wide lumens
B) Most common in both brain and muscle
C) Abundant fenestrations
D) Lack a complete basement membrane
E) Phagocytic cells often seen inserted in the intercellular clefts

Question 6

Which of the following is true of pericytes?

A) Are associated with the basal lamina of capillary endothelial cells
B) Have similar histological features as contractile cells of the myocardium
C) Form a layer of cells joined by gap junctions
D) Are terminally differentiated
E) Capable of forming multinucleated muscle fibers

Question 7

During light microscopic examination of a tissue, you note a vessel that has no smooth muscle but a large amount of connective tissue at its periphery. Which of the following vessels are you examining?

A) Arteriole
B) Venule
C) Elastic artery
D) Capillary
E) Large vein

Question 8

A 43-year-old woman notices a lump in her left breast which upon pathological examination of a needle biopsy is diagnosed as stage 3 adenocarcinoma of the mammary gland. She elects to have a single mastectomy and the surgeon also removes several axillary lymph nodes to be examined to determine the tumor's state of metastasis. The patient recovers well from the surgery, but at a 6-month follow-up visit at the clinic her upper left arm is seen to be swollen and the surgeon prescribes a bandage wrap for "lymph edema." This condition likely resulted from which of the following?

A) Angiogenesis from arterial branches that brought blood to the left breast
B) Growth of cancer cells and blockage of lymphatic drainage from the left arm
C) Surgical disruption of the left arm's lymphatic drainage by removal of lymph nodes
D) Surgical damage to the thoracic duct during lymph node removal
E) Hypertrophy of the vessels in the upper arm to accommodate blood otherwise flowing to the left breast

Question 9

A 66-year-old man diagnosed with type II diabetes 10 years earlier presents with an aching pain in the muscles of his lower extremities. He says the pain is relieved by rest and worsened by physical activity. His lower limbs appear cold, pale, discolored, and he has a sore on the skin of his left heel. He has a weak tibial pulse on both sides and poor skin filling from dermal capillaries. The problems with blood distribution in this patient's leg are most likely associated with what vascular structures?

A) Veins and venules
B) Arterioles
C) Branches of the aorta
D) Lymphatic vessels
E) Ventricles

Question 10

A 62-year-old man of African descent presents with exerciseinduced angina. His serum cholesterol is $277 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{dL}$ (normal <200), LDL is 157 (normal < 100), HDL is 43 (normal > 35), and triglycerides 170 (normal < 150). His body mass index (BMI) is 34 and his coronary risk ratio is 6.84 (normal <5). Cardiac catheterization reveals an occlusion of the left anterior descending and the origin of the right coronary artery. This disease process initially involved which one of the following?

A) Smooth muscle cell proliferation
B) Formation of an intimal plaque
C) Intimal thickening through addition of collagen and elastin
D) Adventitial proliferation of fibroblasts
E) Injury to endothelial cells