Deck 6: Audiovisual Speech Perception and Speechreading Training for Adults

Question 1

Speechreading is only practiced by people with hearing impairment.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

A person with hearing loss will depend more on the visual signal for speech recognition than will people who have normal hearing.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Some evidence suggests that individuals who have congenital hearing loss lipread better than do individuals who are born with normal hearing.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Vowels are considered to be especially visibly distinctive.

Question 5

Evidence suggests that during speechreading, there occurs a simultaneous activation of acoustic and visual lexical neighborhoods.

Question 6

People who are most dependent on the visual signal for speech communication are those who have only a minimum of residual hearing.

Question 7

Auditorily, conversational speech has been shown to be more intelligible than clear speech.

Question 8

People who have hearing loss will have an easier time recognizing the speech of someone who is familiar than someone who is unfamiliar.

Question 9

Males tend to be easier to lipread than females.

Question 10

Speechreading training appears to provide modest benefits.

Question 11

When someone tries to recognize speech using the visual signal only, the ________ cortex becomes activated.

A) supplemental
B) motor
C) auditory
D) somatosensory

Question 12

Which of the following variables appears to have predictive power regarding a person's lipreading ability?

A) age
B) socioeconomic status
C) presence of acquired hearing loss
D) duration of acquired hearing loss

Question 13

When a talker speaks the sound /m/, the lips:

A) draw back
B) open slightly
C) pucker slightly
D) press together

Question 14

Lipreaders' eye gaze tends to shift to the talker's _________ at the end of an utterance.

A) mouth
B) eyes
C) forehead
D) chin

Question 15

Words that are more visible on the face tend to begin with consonant sounds such as:

A) /b/ and /w/
B) /k/ and /t/
C) /g/ and /d/
D) /t/ and /b/

Question 16

When speaking conversationally, a talker may speak anywhere from ________words per minute.

A) 50 to 100
B) 150 to 250
C) 200 to 300
D) 400 to 500

Question 17

Which of these words is a member of a sparse neighborhood?

A) slap
B) long
C) bat
D) banana

Question 18

Which talker behavior makes speechreading easier?

A) shouting
B) speaking rapidly
C) using body language while speaking
D) smiling and talking simultaneously

Question 19

As a general rule,________ , the more difficult it will be to speechread.

A) the shorter the sentence and the lesser its syntactic complexity
B) the longer the sentence and the greater its syntactic complexity
C) the shorter the sentence and the greater its syntactic complexity
D) the longer the sentence and the lesser its syntactic complexity

Question 20

If a person has a correct score of 75% in a vision-only condition and a correct score of 85% in an audition-plusvision condition, what is the speechreading enhancement score using the simple difference method?

A) 10%
B) 40%
C) 80%
D) 85%

Question 21

If a person has a correct score of 75% in a vision-only condition and a correct score of 85% in an audition-plus- vision condition, what is the speechreading enhancement score using the normalized ratio method?

A) 10%
B) 40%
C) 80%
D) 85%

Question 22

When seeking prosodic information about questions versus statements, lipreaders tend to focus more on the__________ face.

Question 23

The sounds /b, m, p/ comprise a _______.

Question 24

The word pairs rise and rice and blind and mite are examples of __________.

Question 25

The term________ refers to an experiment in which discrepant auditory and visual speech were presented to participants, who sometimes perceived a third consonant that differed from the two syllables presented.

Question 26

In the _________ Model, presentation of a spoken word activates a set of lexical candidates, which "compete" as a match for the incoming stimulus.

Question 27

Investigators have suggested that the best angle for speechreading is a frontal viewing angle, or _________degrees azimuth.

Question 28

In a recorded test of speech recognition administered in a vision-only condition, the visual signal is typically comprised of the talker's __________ , with the talker facing the patient head-on.

Question 29

Speechreading enhancement is sometimes referred to as ________ .

Question 30

What is the difference between lipreading and speechreading?

Question 31

List three of the cognitive skills that may predict lipreading.

Question 32

What are the five variables that compound the difficulty of lipreading?

Question 33

What are the four factors that influence the speechreading process?

Question 34

How do low levels of illumination affect speechreading performance, and how is the color of the speaker's skin relevant?

Question 35

List five common sources of background noise in the home.

Question 36

What are the four features of the Mueller-Walle method of speechreading training?

Question 37

What are the five features of the Nitchie method of speechreading training?

Question 38

What are the four features of the Jena Method of speechreading training?

Question 39

List five of the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing's recommendations for practicing speechreading.

Question 40

Oral interpreters certified through the Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf must adhere to a Code of Ethics, which includes what three guidelines?

Question 41

Match each description with its term :

-the overlapping of articulatory and acoustic patterns resulting from the articulators anticipating production of a speech sound or feature

A) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
B) auditory cortex
C) spatial working memory
D) processing speed
E) coarticulation
F) visemes
G) homophenes
H) audiovisual integration
I) ventriloquism illusion
J) crossmodal enhancement

Question 42

Match each description with its term :

-occurs when the response to a stimulus presented through one modality is augmented or modulated by another stimulus presented through a different modality

A) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
B) auditory cortex
C) spatial working memory
D) processing speed
E) coarticulation
F) visemes
G) homophenes
H) audiovisual integration
I) ventriloquism illusion
J) crossmodal enhancement

Question 43

Match each description with its term :

-the region of the brain responsible for processing auditory information

A) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
B) auditory cortex
C) spatial working memory
D) processing speed
E) coarticulation
F) visemes
G) homophenes
H) audiovisual integration
I) ventriloquism illusion
J) crossmodal enhancement

Question 44

Match each description with its term :

-a technology used to study the activity of the brain

A) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
B) auditory cortex
C) spatial working memory
D) processing speed
E) coarticulation
F) visemes
G) homophenes
H) audiovisual integration
I) ventriloquism illusion
J) crossmodal enhancement

Question 45

Match each description with its term :

-occurs when information from the auditory and the visual signal combine to form a unified percept

A) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
B) auditory cortex
C) spatial working memory
D) processing speed
E) coarticulation
F) visemes
G) homophenes
H) audiovisual integration
I) ventriloquism illusion
J) crossmodal enhancement

Question 46

Match each description with its term :

-the rate at which information is conducted and manipulated throughout the nervous system

A) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
B) auditory cortex
C) spatial working memory
D) processing speed
E) coarticulation
F) visemes
G) homophenes
H) audiovisual integration
I) ventriloquism illusion
J) crossmodal enhancement

Question 47

Match each description with its term :

-groups of speech sounds that appear identical on the lips

A) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
B) auditory cortex
C) spatial working memory
D) processing speed
E) coarticulation
F) visemes
G) homophenes
H) audiovisual integration
I) ventriloquism illusion
J) crossmodal enhancement

Question 48

Match each description with its term :

-responsible for temporarily storing visual information

A) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
B) auditory cortex
C) spatial working memory
D) processing speed
E) coarticulation
F) visemes
G) homophenes
H) audiovisual integration
I) ventriloquism illusion
J) crossmodal enhancement

Question 49

Match each description with its term :

-occurs when a ventriloquist induces the perception of speech as coming from a puppet's mouth by moving the puppet in synchrony with the sound

A) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
B) auditory cortex
C) spatial working memory
D) processing speed
E) coarticulation
F) visemes
G) homophenes
H) audiovisual integration
I) ventriloquism illusion
J) crossmodal enhancement

Question 50

Match each description with its term :

-words that look identical on the mouth

A) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
B) auditory cortex
C) spatial working memory
D) processing speed
E) coarticulation
F) visemes
G) homophenes
H) audiovisual integration
I) ventriloquism illusion
J) crossmodal enhancement

Question 51

Match each description with its term :

-includes being close enough to see the talker's lip movements and being able to see the talker full-face rather than in profile

A) high frequency of usage
B) low frequency of usage
C) visual lexical neighborhoods
D) fundamental frequency
E) clear speech
F) favorable seating
G) luminance
H) speechreading enhancement
I) mimetic
J) kinesthetic
K) oral interpreter
L) oral transliteration

Question 52

Match each description with its term :

-words that occur frequently in everyday conversation

A) high frequency of usage
B) low frequency of usage
C) visual lexical neighborhoods
D) fundamental frequency
E) clear speech
F) favorable seating
G) luminance
H) speechreading enhancement
I) mimetic
J) kinesthetic
K) oral interpreter
L) oral transliteration

Question 53

Match each description with its term :

-a way of speaking to enhance one's intelligibility? it entails speaking with a slowed rate and good but not exaggerated enunciation of words

A) high frequency of usage
B) low frequency of usage
C) visual lexical neighborhoods
D) fundamental frequency
E) clear speech
F) favorable seating
G) luminance
H) speechreading enhancement
I) mimetic
J) kinesthetic
K) oral interpreter
L) oral transliteration

Question 54

Match each description with its term :

-words that occur infrequently in everyday conversation

A) high frequency of usage
B) low frequency of usage
C) visual lexical neighborhoods
D) fundamental frequency
E) clear speech
F) favorable seating
G) luminance
H) speechreading enhancement
I) mimetic
J) kinesthetic
K) oral interpreter
L) oral transliteration

Question 55

Match each description with its term :

-imitating or copying movements

A) high frequency of usage
B) low frequency of usage
C) visual lexical neighborhoods
D) fundamental frequency
E) clear speech
F) favorable seating
G) luminance
H) speechreading enhancement
I) mimetic
J) kinesthetic
K) oral interpreter
L) oral transliteration

Question 56

Match each description with its term :

-the intensity of light per unit area of the source

A) high frequency of usage
B) low frequency of usage
C) visual lexical neighborhoods
D) fundamental frequency
E) clear speech
F) favorable seating
G) luminance
H) speechreading enhancement
I) mimetic
J) kinesthetic
K) oral interpreter
L) oral transliteration

Question 57

Match each description with its term :

-the lowest frequency of a complex waveform

A) high frequency of usage
B) low frequency of usage
C) visual lexical neighborhoods
D) fundamental frequency
E) clear speech
F) favorable seating
G) luminance
H) speechreading enhancement
I) mimetic
J) kinesthetic
K) oral interpreter
L) oral transliteration

Question 58

Match each description with its term :

-relates to the perception of movement, position, and tension of body parts

A) high frequency of usage
B) low frequency of usage
C) visual lexical neighborhoods
D) fundamental frequency
E) clear speech
F) favorable seating
G) luminance
H) speechreading enhancement
I) mimetic
J) kinesthetic
K) oral interpreter
L) oral transliteration

Question 59

Match each description with its term :

-groups of words that look alike on the face and have approximately the same frequency of occurrence

A) high frequency of usage
B) low frequency of usage
C) visual lexical neighborhoods
D) fundamental frequency
E) clear speech
F) favorable seating
G) luminance
H) speechreading enhancement
I) mimetic
J) kinesthetic
K) oral interpreter
L) oral transliteration

Question 60

Match each description with its term :

-computed by comparing a patient's speech recognition score in a vision-only condition to the score obtained in an audition-plus-vision condition

A) high frequency of usage
B) low frequency of usage
C) visual lexical neighborhoods
D) fundamental frequency
E) clear speech
F) favorable seating
G) luminance
H) speechreading enhancement
I) mimetic
J) kinesthetic
K) oral interpreter
L) oral transliteration

Question 61

Match each description with its term :

-the act of lagging a talker by a few words, mouthing or speaking the words with a normal speaking rate and good enunciation

A) high frequency of usage
B) low frequency of usage
C) visual lexical neighborhoods
D) fundamental frequency
E) clear speech
F) favorable seating
G) luminance
H) speechreading enhancement
I) mimetic
J) kinesthetic
K) oral interpreter
L) oral transliteration

Question 62

Match each description with its term :

-sits in clear view of a person who has hearing loss and silently repeats a talker's message as it is spoken

A) high frequency of usage
B) low frequency of usage
C) visual lexical neighborhoods
D) fundamental frequency
E) clear speech
F) favorable seating
G) luminance
H) speechreading enhancement
I) mimetic
J) kinesthetic
K) oral interpreter
L) oral transliteration