Deck 2: Fundamentals of Pain Management

Question 1

Match the following:

-Acute pain

A) Internal squeezing or gnawing sensation
B) Sympathetic nerve responses
C) Individual reaction to painful stimuli
D) Caused by injury to nerve tissue
E) Postoperative discussion with patient
F) Rapid, reflexive, subconscious reaction
G) Innate ability to detect painful stimuli
H) Thermal, mechanical, chemical receptors
I) Postoperative dental pain
J) Detects tissue injury

Answer 1

Postoperative dental pain

Question 2

Match the following:

-Debriefing

A) Internal squeezing or gnawing sensation
B) Sympathetic nerve responses
C) Individual reaction to painful stimuli
D) Caused by injury to nerve tissue
E) Postoperative discussion with patient
F) Rapid, reflexive, subconscious reaction
G) Innate ability to detect painful stimuli
H) Thermal, mechanical, chemical receptors
I) Postoperative dental pain
J) Detects tissue injury

Answer 2

Postoperative discussion with patient

Question 3

Match the following:

-Fight or flight

A) Internal squeezing or gnawing sensation
B) Sympathetic nerve responses
C) Individual reaction to painful stimuli
D) Caused by injury to nerve tissue
E) Postoperative discussion with patient
F) Rapid, reflexive, subconscious reaction
G) Innate ability to detect painful stimuli
H) Thermal, mechanical, chemical receptors
I) Postoperative dental pain
J) Detects tissue injury

Answer 3

Sympathetic nerve responses

Question 4

Match the following:

-Neuropathic pain

A) Internal squeezing or gnawing sensation
B) Sympathetic nerve responses
C) Individual reaction to painful stimuli
D) Caused by injury to nerve tissue
E) Postoperative discussion with patient
F) Rapid, reflexive, subconscious reaction
G) Innate ability to detect painful stimuli
H) Thermal, mechanical, chemical receptors
I) Postoperative dental pain
J) Detects tissue injury

Question 5

Match the following:

-Nociceptors

A) Internal squeezing or gnawing sensation
B) Sympathetic nerve responses
C) Individual reaction to painful stimuli
D) Caused by injury to nerve tissue
E) Postoperative discussion with patient
F) Rapid, reflexive, subconscious reaction
G) Innate ability to detect painful stimuli
H) Thermal, mechanical, chemical receptors
I) Postoperative dental pain
J) Detects tissue injury

Question 6

Match the following:

-Pain threshold

A) Internal squeezing or gnawing sensation
B) Sympathetic nerve responses
C) Individual reaction to painful stimuli
D) Caused by injury to nerve tissue
E) Postoperative discussion with patient
F) Rapid, reflexive, subconscious reaction
G) Innate ability to detect painful stimuli
H) Thermal, mechanical, chemical receptors
I) Postoperative dental pain
J) Detects tissue injury

Question 7

Match the following:

-Pain tolerance

A) Internal squeezing or gnawing sensation
B) Sympathetic nerve responses
C) Individual reaction to painful stimuli
D) Caused by injury to nerve tissue
E) Postoperative discussion with patient
F) Rapid, reflexive, subconscious reaction
G) Innate ability to detect painful stimuli
H) Thermal, mechanical, chemical receptors
I) Postoperative dental pain
J) Detects tissue injury

Question 8

Match the following:

-Polymodal

A) Internal squeezing or gnawing sensation
B) Sympathetic nerve responses
C) Individual reaction to painful stimuli
D) Caused by injury to nerve tissue
E) Postoperative discussion with patient
F) Rapid, reflexive, subconscious reaction
G) Innate ability to detect painful stimuli
H) Thermal, mechanical, chemical receptors
I) Postoperative dental pain
J) Detects tissue injury

Question 9

Match the following:

-Protective response

A) Internal squeezing or gnawing sensation
B) Sympathetic nerve responses
C) Individual reaction to painful stimuli
D) Caused by injury to nerve tissue
E) Postoperative discussion with patient
F) Rapid, reflexive, subconscious reaction
G) Innate ability to detect painful stimuli
H) Thermal, mechanical, chemical receptors
I) Postoperative dental pain
J) Detects tissue injury

Question 10

Match the following:

-Visceral pain

A) Internal squeezing or gnawing sensation
B) Sympathetic nerve responses
C) Individual reaction to painful stimuli
D) Caused by injury to nerve tissue
E) Postoperative discussion with patient
F) Rapid, reflexive, subconscious reaction
G) Innate ability to detect painful stimuli
H) Thermal, mechanical, chemical receptors
I) Postoperative dental pain
J) Detects tissue injury

Question 11

Pain ________ is highly variable and may vary from one individual to another.

Question 12

The three classifications of pain are ________; ________; and ________.

Question 13

Nociceptive pain is caused by _________ or disease in body tissues.

Question 14

________ pain is caused by nerve tissue injury or dysfunction of the sensory nerves in the central or peripheral nervous systems.

Question 15

Pain disorders associated with psychogenic factors are related to mental or ________ problems that affect the experience of pain.

Question 16

________ pain usually lasts for a few seconds to not more than six months. It is generally caused by tissue damage from an injury or disease.

Question 17

________ pain is long-term pain that persists for more than six months with or without an identifiable cause.

Question 18

Nociceptors are unique because they respond to ________, thermal, and chemical stimuli.

Question 19

Physiological responses that occur as a result of the sympathetic nervous system's reaction to pain include an ________ in heart rate, heart contractions, and blood pressure.

Question 20

To help patients cope with anxiety and fear, the four PREP steps are ________; ________; ________; and _________.

Question 21

Visualization is an example of a ________ distraction to help a patient reduce stress during dental treatment.

Question 22

The ________ response is a restful state that modifies physical and emotional responses to stress.

Question 23

Which of the following statements related to an individual's response to a pain experience is not correct?

A) It is complex and includes both physiological and psychological factors.
B) It is not influenced by an individual's gender and physical health.
C) It is proportionate to the intensity of physical injury and degree of harm.
D) It is affected by attitudes and learned responses.

Question 24

Which statement best describes pain as a protective response?

A) Pain is a physiological, conscious reaction.
B) Pain is a rapid, reflexive, unconscious reaction.
C) Pain is a psychological reaction based on blood flow to the injured site.
D) Pain is a slow, deliberate reaction to avoid further tissue injury.

Question 25

Which statement correctly describes pain threshold?

A) It is an individual's reaction to a painful stimulus.
B) It indicates the amount of pain an individual is able to endure.
C) It is altered by environmental, personal, and social attitudes.
D) It is identified when a stimulus begins to produce pain.

Question 26

Which statement correctly describes pain tolerance?

A) It is an individual's reaction to a painful stimulus.
B) It is consistent among all individuals.
C) It is innate and highly reproducible.
D) It is identified when a stimulus begins to produce pain.

Question 27

Which of the following is classified as nociceptive pain?

A) Trigeminal neuralgia
B) Phantom limb pain
C) Chronic muscle pain
D) Traumatic tooth fracture

Question 28

Which statement correctly describes chronic pain?

A) It follows a period of acute pain that persists for more than six months.
B) It follows inception of nociceptive processes.
C) It always has an identifiable cause and duration.
D) It responds well to pain medication and limited interventions.

Question 29

Which is true regarding nociception?

A) Pain perception and nociception are synonymous
B) Trigger muscular neurons
C) Activated without conscious awareness
D) Deactivated by stimuli to minimize pain perception

Question 30

In response to pain from injection, the CNS activates the sympathetic nervous system to:

A) Stimulate the adrenal medulla to release serotonin
B) Increase heart rate, blood pressure, and skeletal muscle vasculature
C) Increase mesenteric vessel blood flow to digestive organs
D) Depress the psychological state of a patient

Question 31

Which statement is true regarding fear and local anesthesia?

A) Fear can be a barrier to obtaining adequate anesthesia.
B) Fear causes little concern over dental treatment.
C) Fear of injections causes over 40% of patients to avoid treatment.
D) Fear is an insurmountable problem for most patients who experience fear of injections.

Question 32

Which of the following strategies helps patients cope with anxiety and fear?

A) Avoid discussions about anxiety and fear.
B) Only the dentist should ask about anxiety and fear to avoid patient embarrassment.
C) Assure the patient that difficulties during past dental visits could not have been avoided.
D) Prepare, rehearse, empower, and praise patients to reduce anxiety and fear.

Question 33

Which one of the following is not helpful in the process of debriefing?

A) Patients relate which aspects of treatment did and did not go well.
B) Patients provide input for subsequent appointments.
C) Clinicians select strategies for appointments according to their observations of patient behavior.
D) Clinicians listen carefully and consider patient input in planning next appointments.

Question 34

Which statement best describes the hypnosis?

A) Hypnosis is most effective in conjunction with oral sedation.
B) Hypnosis causes the inability to concentrate.
C) Hypnosis reduces anxiety, stress, salivation and gag reflex.
D) Hypnosis induces calmness, relaxation and amnesia

Question 35

Discuss the value of pain as a protective response.

Question 36

Discuss variables that contribute to an individual's experience of pain.

Question 37

Differentiate between acute and chronic pain.

Question 38

Explain the difference between pain and nociception.

Question 39

Provide examples of the PREP strategies that help patients manage anxiety and fear.

Question 40

Discuss strategies and provide examples that enhance positive communication with patients.