Deck 12: Juvenile Justice in International Perspective

Question 1

In New Zealand, the police unit of trained officers that diverts more than half of young offenders out of the justice system is called:

A)Youth Aid Section
B)Regular Police
C)Youth Reformatory Unit
D)Probation/Parole Offices

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Self: reports reveal a much _______________ volume of offending than is found in official arrest statistics.

Answer 2

higher

Question 3

__________________ are acts for which only juveniles can be held liable.

Answer 3

Status offenses

Question 4

Juveniles are most often committing which types of crime?

A)Violent crimes
B)Property crimes
C)White collar crime
D)Sex related crimes

Question 5

What have estimates put the number of juveniles worldwide that are in custody at?

A)About 1 million
B)About 1 billion
C)Less than 250,000
D)More than 250,000 but less than 500,000

Question 6

Which of our model countries distinguishes between three types of juvenile misconduct under the law: juveniles between 14-20, offenders under 14, and juveniles who commit status offenses?

A)France
B)Germany
C)Japan
D)Saudi Arabia

Question 7

Which of the following is not one of the three principles that must be followed if delinquency prevention is to be more effectively sought?

A)Learning from the past
B)Evaluation of existing efforts
C)Greater imagination in handling juveniles
D)Spending more money to make existing programs more effective

Question 8

______________ are anonymous interviews or questionnaires administered to juveniles in which, they reveal the types and extent of the delinquency they have engaged in.

Question 9

An emphasis on due process in juvenile justice focuses on what?

A)The welfare and nurturing of the child
B)Fair and equitable treatment under law
C)Protecting the community from crime
D)Helping the juvenile reform

Question 10

______________ is one of our model countries that does not have status offenses

Question 11

Which of the international standards relating to juvenile delinquency, which defines a child as a person under 18 years of age, and established many protections, such as protections against cruel, inhuman, and capital punishment.

A)Convention on the Rights of the Child
B)Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice
C)Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of Their Liberty
D)Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency

Question 12

______________ refers to a medieval doctrine stating that the English Crown was able to intervene in family matters if the parents were unable or unwilling to care for the welfare of a child.

Question 13

China has many non-judicial approaches to juvenile rehabilitation, such as _____.

A)Bangjiao (help and education) and work-study schools.
B)Supervised home confinement
C)Caning of juvenile offenders
D)Competitive sports for juvenile offenders involving cage fighting

Question 14

Which of the following is not an example of a status offense?

A)Drunk driving
B)Curfew violations
C)Truancy
D)Running away

Question 15

Which of the juvenile justice adjudication initiatives involves achieving consensus regarding whether or not juvenile court records can be used after the youth reaches adulthood?

A)Specialized training for juvenile court judges
B)Specially trained police units for juveniles
C)Use of Juvenile Records
D)Parental Responsibility

Question 16

Which of the international standards relating to juvenile delinquency pertains to the standards of treatment of persons under age 18 when confined to any institution or facility by the order of a court or similar body?

A)Convention on the Rights of the Child
B)Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice
C)Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of Their Liberty
D)Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency

Question 17

Self-reports have been consistent in finding that most juveniles:

A)Will never commit any type of crime during their lifetime
B)Will engage in persistent or serious criminal behavior
C)Will break the law at one time or another
D)No self‑report findings are ever consistent

Question 18

What is the most universally accepted age of adult criminal responsibility?

A)12
B)15
C)18
D)21

Question 19

Which of the following is an attribute of the best correctional systems within juvenile justice?

A)Use of threats and violence to scare offenders into behaving while in custody
B)Segregating the juveniles so that they can come to fully understand the scope of their crimes.
C)Make dedicated efforts to prepare offenders for a productive life in the community
D)Shame the offender into conforming with ways of society

Question 20

A criminal act is committed by a person under the legal age established by the government, the act is considered _____.

A)Crime
B)Organized crime
C)Delinquency
D)Conspiracy

Question 21

Germany provides an example of a sincere effort to "correct" juveniles; there the juvenile justice system is based on the principles of _______________ and ________________.

Question 22

Canada and Germany do not have status offenses.

Question 23

Self‑reports reveal that minorities, males, and juveniles of low socioeconomic status are more likely to be arrested than females, middle class juveniles, and whites.

Question 24

The full and true extent of delinquency can be found by only looking into police reports and court statistics.

Question 25

Self-reports reveal a much higher volume of offending than is found in official statistics because most offenders are never caught.

Question 26

Most juveniles are arrested for ____________ crimes.

Question 27

Delinquency is distinguished from crime not by the behaviors engaged in, but by the age of the offender.

Question 28

Children should be ___________ from the formal system wherever appropriate and specifically to avoid being labeled as criminals.

Question 29

In schools, interventions that target change in the social context appear to be______________, on average, than those that attempt to change individual attitudes, skills, and risk behaviors.

Question 30

In the United States, declining rates of juvenile arrests over the last 20 years have resulted in more punishment for juveniles rather than less.

Question 31

The differences in the treatment of juveniles versus adults in the adjudication process after arrest largely reflects how juvenile misconduct is viewed in a society.

Question 32

China's juvenile justice system emphasizes __________________ to balance the protection of the juvenile and that of the community.

Question 33

The _______________________________________________ represent a proactive approach to delinquency involving the roles of family, school, the community, media, social policy, legislation, and the juvenile justice administration.

Question 34

Drunk driving is an example of a status offense, in that only persons under 18 can be punished for this crime.

Question 35

In France, the guiding principle is to determine __________________ rather than establishing guilt and punishment in terms of dealing with juvenile offenders.

Question 36

If a criminal act is committed by someone under the legal age established by the government, the act is considered _______________.The same illegal act committed by someone who has reached this age threshold is considered a _____________.

Question 37

The underlying philosophy of _________________ involves serving the best interests of public by making sure that public safety is not put in jeopardy.

Question 38

In England, _____________________________ permits offenders to be referred to a youth offender panel, which agrees on a contract and requirements to alter the juvenile's behavior with certain provisions.

Question 39

Juveniles usually engage in violent crime such as criminal homicide, rape, and aggravated assault.

Question 40

Juvenile delinquency is confined, in general terms, to the law violations of young people between the ages of 7 and 18.

Question 41

Discuss in detail the four primary international agreements that address juveniles and the legal process.

Question 42

Discuss the 5 juvenile justice adjudication initiatives.

Question 43

Discuss self‑reports as an alternate way to measure the extent of delinquency.Also, discuss some of the interesting findings.

Question 44

Saudi Arabia has a separate juvenile system, but the age of majority is not defined and is not a controlling factor in the adjudicating process.

Question 45

Discuss the three key issues to the future of juvenile justice.

Question 46

England's approach to juvenile justice is extremely different from that of the United States, in that they do not have a juvenile justice system.

Question 47

Japans commitment to rehabilitation is reflected by the presence of nearly 50,000 volunteer probation officers who assist professional officers.

Question 48

Most self-reports conclude that very few juveniles will ever break the law, but the ones that do will most likely go on to a further life of crime.

Question 49

There is nothing we can do to better prepare ourselves for the future of juvenile justice.

Question 50

Explain the juvenile justice approach in two of our model countries.

Question 51

Discuss the findings on delinquency prevention.

Question 52

Discuss the three basic philosophies of juvenile justice.Be sure to include the adjudication outcome.