Deck 12: Police and the Juvenile

Question 1

Who usually has first contact with a juvenile?

A) the parole officer
B) the probation officer
C) the defense attorney
D) the police officer

Answer 1

the police officer

Question 2

Which of the following is a process of police-juvenile interaction that contributes to the problematic situations of youth who are already only loosely bound to the wider society?

A) cycle of alienation
B) police discretion
C) station adjustment
D) search and seizure

Answer 2

cycle of alienation

Question 3

According to the text, what would happen if police were to increase the current number of youths referred to the system by two to three times?

A) Crime would likely remain constant.
B) The system would be unmanageable.
C) Crime would ultimately be reduced.
D) The cost of justice would likely be reduced.

Answer 3

The system would be unmanageable.

Question 4

Which factor is considered the most influential in determining the disposition of juvenile cases?

A) socioeconomic class of the offender
B) age of the offender
C) seriousness of the offense
D) race of the offender

Question 5

Traditionally, girls have been less likely than boys to be arrested and referred to the juvenile court for criminal offenses, but there is some evidence of the erosion of police "________"in the face of youthful female criminality.

A) chivalry
B) paternalism
C) sexism
D) masculinity

Question 6

A police officer's ability to choose from among a number of alternative dispositions when handling a situation is called ________.

A) prudence
B) caution
C) judgment
D) discretion

Question 7

Why is the socioeconomic factor in determining juvenile disposition difficult to study?

A) Juveniles who get in trouble with the law are usually of the same socioeconomic group.
B) Socioeconomic statistics are not gathered.
C) It is usually studied together with race.
D) It is not related to crime.

Question 8

Which of the following options when investigating a juvenile is the LEAST severe?

A) station adjustment
B) warning and release
C) detention
D) citation and referral to juvenile court

Question 9

According to Yolander Hurst, a juvenile of which of the following groups is most likely to have a positive attitude toward the police?

A) urban youth
B) lower-class youth
C) rural youth
D) white youth

Question 10

In a ________, the first thing the department does when the juvenile is brought to the station is to contact the parents.

A) station adjustment
B) warning and release
C) detention
D) citation and referral to juvenile court

Question 11

Which of the following is a pretrial identification procedure used with both juveniles and adults following arrest?

A) fingerprinting
B) Miranda reading
C) interrogation
D) intervention

Question 12

Which legal precedent case is an example of a judgment on a case of excessive interrogation tactics by police directed toward juvenile offenders?

A) Haley v. Ohio
B) Miranda v. Arizona
C) Brown v. Mississippi
D) In re Gault

Question 13

Which Amendment of the Constitution affirms the standards of fairness and due process toward interrogations?

A) First
B) Fourth
C) Fourteenth
D) Ninth

Question 14

What did the Gault decision fail to clarify with regard to juveniles and the Miranda decision?

A) whether juveniles were entitled to counsel
B) whether juveniles could waive protection of the Miranda rules
C) whether juveniles could be interrogated by police
D) whether juveniles were entitled to remain silent

Question 15

The process of taking a person into custody for an alleged violation of the law is called ________.

A) stop
B) capture
C) arrest
D) seizure

Question 16

Which case ruled that evidence seized without probable cause and without a proper search warrant was inadmissible in court?

A) Brown v. Mississippi
B) Haley v. Ohio
C) Miranda v. Arizona
D) Mapp v. Ohio

Question 17

Which of the following cases ruled that police may NOT use force or torture to obtain confessions?

A) Bradshaw v. Swan
B) Haley v. Ohio
C) Fare v. Michael C.
D) Brown v. Mississippi

Question 18

Which of the following says that an underage caregiver cannot act as an interested adult?

A) Mapp v. Ohio
B) Gideon v. Wainwright
C) Commonwealth v. Guyton
D) Haley v. Ohio

Question 19

The national program to find missing children is called ________.

A) D.A.R.E.
B) SPECDA
C) LRE
D) AMBER Alert

Question 20

The D.A.R.E. program is designed to ________.

A) reduce the amount of guns in our society
B) reduce the participation in gangs
C) reduce the use of drugs
D) help find missing children

Question 21

What was the main reason for the establishment of the Officer Friendly and McGruff programs in schools?

A) to reduce drug use
B) to reduce gang membership
C) to improve police-juvenile relations
D) to teach law-related education

Question 22

Which program was designed to teach children skills to resist peer pressure in using tobacco, alcohol, and drugs?

A) AMBER Alert
B) SPECDA
C) LRE
D) D.A.R.E.

Question 23

Which of the following programs is designed to teach students the fundamental principles and skills needed to become responsible citizens in a constitutional democracy?

A) Law Enforcement Education (LRE)
B) Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E)
C) Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T.)
D) School Program to Educate and Control Drug Abuse (SPECDA.

Question 24

What is a gang unit?

A) a permanent police unit specially tasked to work on gang problems
B) officers temporarily pulled from detective units or juvenile units to work on gangs
C) a citizen task force formed to deal with a specific gang problem
D) a group of police officers who have all gone undercover to infiltrate gangs

Question 25

Police departments generally give little status to those dealing with youth crime.

Question 26

Several studies have reported that juveniles who have had contact with the police have more positive attitudes toward police than those who have not had contact.

Question 27

There is evidence of the erosion of police chivalry, yet girls are still less likely to be referred to the juvenile court for criminal offenses by police.

Question 28

The most important factor determining the disposition of the misbehaving juvenile is the seriousness of the offense.

Question 29

A juvenile who is older and has committed several previous offenses is more likely to be referred to juvenile court.

Question 30

External pressures from the press will negatively affect the discretionary decisions made by police in juvenile matters.

Question 31

Police are not commonly required to contact a juvenile's parents when giving an official reprimand.

Question 32

Citizen complaints have little impact as a discretionary factor in the disposition of a juvenile incident.

Question 33

The Eighth Amendment to the Constitution prevents the police from conducting unreasonable searches and seizures.

Question 34

Most jurisdictions require a parent, legal guardian, or counsel to be present during a police interrogation.

Question 35

The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 eliminated the judicial requirement for taking the fingerprints of arrested juveniles.

Question 36

The G.R.E.A.T. program currently includes family training.

Question 37

Students of LRE programs were less likely to use violence as a way of resolving conflict and less likely to associate with delinquent peers.

Question 38

LRE is the most popular school-based drug-education program in the United States.

Question 39

D.A.R.E. programs have been very successful in reducing drug abuse among juveniles in the long-term evaluations.

Question 40

The most important factor determining the disposition of the misbehaving juvenile is the seriousness of the ________.

Question 41

Police ________ can be defined as the choice between two or more possible means of handling a situation.

Question 42

A disposition option available to a police officer whereby a juvenile is taken to the police station following a complaint, recorded, given an official reprimand, and then released to his or her parents or guardians is known as a(n) ________ adjustment..

Question 43

A summons to appear in juvenile court is a(n) ________.

Question 44

The ________ Amendment to the Constitution affirms the standards of fairness and due process toward interrogations.

Question 45

Mapp v. Ohio ruled that ________ seized without probable cause and without a proper search warrant was inadmissible in court.

Question 46

The case of Brown v. Mississippi ruled that police may not use force or torture to obtain ________.

Question 47

________ is a pretrial identification procedure used with both juveniles and adults following arrest.

Question 48

The AMBER Alert system began in 1996 when Dallas-Fort Worth broadcasters teamed with local police departments to develop an early-warning system to assist in finding ________ children.

Question 49

Procedures such as fingerprinting, photographing, and placing juveniles in lineups for the purpose of ________ prior to formal court appearance are known as pretrial identification practices.

Question 50

The Take a Bite out of Crime program was established throughout the nation to develop better ________ relations with younger children.

Question 51

________ is a program designed to teach fundamental skills needed to become responsible citizens in a constitutional democracy.

Question 52

________ is a widely replicated effort by the police to prevent substance abuse.

Question 53

A specialized unit established by some police departments to address the problem of gangs is called a ________ unit.

Question 54

The most popular school-based drug-education program in the nation is ________.

Question 55

Match each concept or term with its description.

-Arrest

A) A pretrial identification procedure used with both juveniles and adults following arrest.
B) The process of taking a person into custody for an alleged violation of the law.
C) The process of interviewing a person who has been arrested with the express purpose of obtaining a confession.
D) The police procedure used in the investigation of crimes for the purpose of gathering evidence.

Question 56

Match each concept or term with its description.

-Search and seizure

A) A pretrial identification procedure used with both juveniles and adults following arrest.
B) The process of taking a person into custody for an alleged violation of the law.
C) The process of interviewing a person who has been arrested with the express purpose of obtaining a confession.
D) The police procedure used in the investigation of crimes for the purpose of gathering evidence.

Question 57

Match each concept or term with its description.

-Police Interrogation

A) A pretrial identification procedure used with both juveniles and adults following arrest.
B) The process of taking a person into custody for an alleged violation of the law.
C) The process of interviewing a person who has been arrested with the express purpose of obtaining a confession.
D) The police procedure used in the investigation of crimes for the purpose of gathering evidence.

Question 58

Match each concept or term with its description.

-Fingerprinting

A) A pretrial identification procedure used with both juveniles and adults following arrest.
B) The process of taking a person into custody for an alleged violation of the law.
C) The process of interviewing a person who has been arrested with the express purpose of obtaining a confession.
D) The police procedure used in the investigation of crimes for the purpose of gathering evidence.

Question 59

Match each concept or term with its description.

-Police Discretion

A) One of several disposition options available to a police officer whereby a juvenile is taken to the police station following a complaint, the contact is recorded, and the juvenile is given an official reprimand and then released to his or her parents or guardians.
B) A summons to appear in juvenile court.
C) A police officer's ability to choose from among a number of alternative dispositions when handling a situation.
D) In some police departments, a police officer who has received specialized training to work effectively with juveniles, and who is tasked primarily with such work.

Question 60

Match each concept or term with its description.

-Juvenile Officer

A) One of several disposition options available to a police officer whereby a juvenile is taken to the police station following a complaint, the contact is recorded, and the juvenile is given an official reprimand and then released to his or her parents or guardians.
B) A summons to appear in juvenile court.
C) A police officer's ability to choose from among a number of alternative dispositions when handling a situation.
D) In some police departments, a police officer who has received specialized training to work effectively with juveniles, and who is tasked primarily with such work.

Question 61

Match each concept or term with its description.

-Station adjustment

A) One of several disposition options available to a police officer whereby a juvenile is taken to the police station following a complaint, the contact is recorded, and the juvenile is given an official reprimand and then released to his or her parents or guardians.
B) A summons to appear in juvenile court.
C) A police officer's ability to choose from among a number of alternative dispositions when handling a situation.
D) In some police departments, a police officer who has received specialized training to work effectively with juveniles, and who is tasked primarily with such work.

Question 62

Match each concept or term with its description.

-Citation

A) One of several disposition options available to a police officer whereby a juvenile is taken to the police station following a complaint, the contact is recorded, and the juvenile is given an official reprimand and then released to his or her parents or guardians.
B) A summons to appear in juvenile court.
C) A police officer's ability to choose from among a number of alternative dispositions when handling a situation.
D) In some police departments, a police officer who has received specialized training to work effectively with juveniles, and who is tasked primarily with such work.

Question 63

Describe the factors impacting juvenilesʹ attitude toward the police.

Question 64

Discuss the various factors that influence discretionary practices used by police in regard to their handling of juvenile matters.

Question 65

A patrol officer or juvenile officer has at least five options when investigating a complaint against a juvenile or arriving at the scene of law-violating behavior. What are those five options?

Question 66

Discuss how the legal rights of juveniles have impacted police-juvenile relations. Be sure to discuss the significance of the landmark juvenile justice cases.

Question 67

Describe the various interventions used by police to prevent juvenile crime. Be sure to discuss how successful the various programs have or have not been.

Question 68

Discuss the most popular school-based drug-education program in the nation. Has it been effective in curbing drug and alcohol abuse among juveniles?

Question 69

Police-juvenile relations seem to be improving, but they still depend on such factors as class, gender, and race and whether juveniles have had previous unfavorable contacts with the police. What might aid in bettering the relationship between the police and juveniles? Please explain.

Question 70

The highly popular D.A.R.E. project, a program that receives over 200 million annually, has been widely evaluated and the findings are extremely disappointing regarding its effects on the drug-using behavior of juveniles. What do you think is most disappointing about this program? Please explain.