Deck 1: The Study of Child Development

Question 1

Arapoosh believes that our development is driven by how we resolve a series of psychosocial crises (such as trust vs. mistrust) throughout our lifespan. His thinking is most like that of

A) Sigmund Freud.
B) B. F. Skinner.
C) Erik Erikson.
D) Jean Piaget.

Answer 1

Erik Erikson.

Question 2

Erikson's and Freud's theories are similar in all of the following ways except

A) both Erikson and Freud stressed the idea that development takes place in stages.
B) both Erikson and Freud stressed the idea that each stage presents the individual with a challenge or problem.
C) both Erikson and Freud stressed the idea that people develop over time, rather than being born completely developed.
D) both Erikson and Freud stressed the idea that basic personality development is completed in early childhood.

Answer 2

both Erikson and Freud stressed the idea that basic personality development is completed in early childhood.

Question 3

Nekoma's parents want her to study more. They decide to get her to do so by using operant conditioning. Therefore, they

A) spend time on their own work at home so that she can model their behavior.
B) patiently explain to her why she should study more.
C) reinforce her whenever she spends time studying.
D) use authoritarian discipline to get her to obey them.

Answer 3

reinforce her whenever she spends time studying.

Question 4

Francisco says, "You can't just look at the child. If you want to understand development, you have to look at all of the things that impact on her development, such as educational systems, political systems, and the mass media." "Sure,"Says Rosalinda, "but you can't give it all equal weight. You should concentrate more on how the child adapts to the specific demands of her culture."Francisco supports the___ Perspective, while Rosalinda is a proponent of____ the perspective.

A) ecological; sociocultural
B) ecological; evolutionary
C) sociocultural; ecological
D) sociocultural; dynamic systems

Question 5

Case study methods were the primary source of data for

A) Sigmund Freud and Jean Piaget.
B) B. F. Skinner and G. Stanley Hall.
C) Albert Bandura and B. F. Skinner.
D) Edward L. Thorndike and Sigmund Freud.

Question 6

In a study of school districts in the United States, researchers found that the amount of money that the districts spent on their schools had an extremely high positive correlation with the amount of money they spent on consumable alcohol (such as wine or liquor). This must mean that

A) drinking heavily makes people want to spend more on education.
B) spending heavily on education makes people need to drink more.
C) spending on education and consumable alcohol seem to be related in some way.
D) there are serious errors in the data collection method used by these researchers.

Question 7

Dr. Kieu wants to investigate whether children who eat a lot of processed sugar find it more difficult to sit still and concentrate in school than children who don't. She randomly divides all the children in the Edward L. Thorndike Elementary School into two groups. Group one is given a breakfast of Chocolate Frosted Sugar Bombs cereal and chocolate milk, and a midday snack of Jolt Cola and Crunchy Sugar Granola Chews. Group two is given an identical breakfast and snack, but their food contains artificial sweeteners instead of processed sugar. Dr. Kieu records the behavior of each group of children on these diets for one month and compares them statistically. In this experiment, Dr. Kieu's independent variable is the

A) children's behavior before and after their breakfasts and snacks.
B) type of sweetener used in the children's breakfasts and snacks.
C) children in group one.
D) children in group two.

Question 8

Dr. Pena wants to investigate whether children who eat a lot of processed sugar find it more difficult to sit still and concentrate in school than children who don't. She randomly divides all the children in the Edward L. Thorndike Elementary School into two groups. Group one is given a breakfast of Chocolate Frosted Sugar Bombs cereal and chocolate milk, and a midday snack of Jolt Cola and Crunchy Sugar Granola Chews. Group two is given an identical breakfast and snack, but their food contains artificial sweeteners instead of processed sugar. Dr. Pena records the behavior of each group of children on these diets for one month and compares them statistically. In this experiment, Dr. Pena's control group variable is the

A) children's behavior before and after their breakfasts and snacks.
B) type of sweetener used in the children's breakfasts and snacks.
C) children in group one.
D) children in group two.

Question 9

Dr. Stephenson wants to investigate whether children who eat a lot of processed sugar find it more difficult to sit still and concentrate in school than children who don't. She randomly divides all the children in the Edward L. Thorndike Elementary School into two groups. Group one is given a breakfast of Chocolate Frosted Sugar Bombs cereal and chocolate milk, and a midday snack of Jolt Cola and Crunchy Sugar Granola Chews. Group two is given an identical breakfast and snack, but their food contains artificial sweeteners instead of processed sugar. Dr. Stephenson records the behavior of each group of children on these diets for one month and compares them statistically. In this experiment, Dr. Stephenson's experimental group is the

A) children's behavior before and after their breakfasts and snacks.
B) type of sweetener used in the children's breakfasts and snacks.
C) children in group one.
D) children in group two.

Question 10

The reason researchers use random assignment in an experiment is to

A) ensure group equivalence.
B) be fair to the participants.
C) be able to influence the results.
D) maximize the chance that they will get results that confirm their hypothesis.

Question 11

Terpsichore is studying whether more creative children will be more successful than less creative children. She gives creativity tests to 1,000 5-year-old children and checks their grades in school every year. She also records whether they go on to college or to work after high school, and how successful they are as adults. Every 10 years, Terpsichore also has each participant fill out a survey about how happy they are. Her study uses which approach?

A) Cross-sectional
B) Longitudinal
C) Latitudinal
D) Cross-sequential

Question 12

Professor Watson wants to investigate whether irrational fears can be eliminated through classical conditioning. He decides to work with a 4th-grade class at the local elementary school. If he has obtained proper consent from the children's parents, and will cause no lasting harm to the children, what else must he do to ensure that his study will be ethical?

A) Publish everything he can about the experiment as quickly as possible so that it may be replicated by other scientists.
B) Be sure to put the children's names in his articles about the study to give them proper credit for their assistance.
C) Debrief the children when the experiment ends, so they will understand what was done.
D) Nothing else. Everything has been taken care of.

Question 13

Professor Loki wants to conduct an experiment in which he will have to lie to children in order to gauge their reactions. He intends to get parental consents beforehand and to debrief the children after the experiment so that they will know about the deception when it's all over. Will this study be permitted by his university's human research review board?

A) No
B) Yes, because there is no problem with deception in research
C) Yes, but only if the deception will not cause lasting harm
D) Yes, if he provides appropriate amounts of money or other compensation to the children or their parents