Deck 11: Socioemotional Development in Young Adulthood

Question 1

The first step in socioemotional development for young adults is____ ___. The second step is____ ___

A) becoming self-sufficient; recentering
B) becoming self-sufficient; making social and emotional commitments
C) making social and emotional commitments; becoming self-sufficient
D) recentering; becoming self-sufficient;

Answer 1

becoming self-sufficient; making social and emotional commitments

Question 2

Recentering refers to

A) control shifting from parents to the young adult.
B) changes in an individual's personality as he or she transitions from adolescence into young adulthood.
C) parental influence on a young adult's occupational choice.
D) the slowing down of biological development and the speeding up of cognitive and socioemotional development.

Answer 2

control shifting from parents to the young adult.

Question 3

According to Havighurst, the developmental tasks of young adulthood include

A) becoming involved in one's community.
B) acquiring problem-solving skills.
C) becoming socially responsible.
D) developing an ethical code of conduct.

Answer 3

becoming involved in one's community.

Question 4

Aaron, a 22- year-old, was in the midst of accomplishing what Havighurst says is the appropriate developmental task for his stage of life when he

A) volunteered to help coach a neighborhood Little League baseball team.
B) became concerned about his rising cholesterol levels and went to see a doctor.
C) signed up for a course that promised to teach better problem-solving skills.
D) threw a party and invited all the people that had previously invited him.

Question 5

Havighurst's developmental tasks are normative and

A) physical.
B) compulsory.
C) psychological.
D) sequential.

Question 6

Whereas Havighurst's developmental tasks involve _______ , Erikson's developmental tasks involve_______

A) biological milestones; social roles
B) psychological challenges; biological milestones
C) psychological challenges; social roles
D) social roles; psychological challenges

Question 7

The normative nature of developmental tasks means that

A) they have remained the same throughout history.
B) everyone in a society accomplishes them sooner or later.
C) they define normal behavior across cultures.
D) they are things that people commonly do or should do.

Question 8

According to Erikson, in young adulthood, the psychosocial crisis that needs to be resolved is

A) industry vs. inferiority.
B) intimacy vs. isolation.
C) identity vs. role confusion.
D) generativity vs. stagnation.

Question 9

Lance is 25 years old. According to Erikson, at this stage of his life, Lance's main challenge is

A) forming a deep, lasting relationship.
B) getting established in a career.
C) finding himself.
D) taking care of future generations.

Question 10

According to Erikson, the capacity for intimacy involves all of the following except

A) a genuine concern for another.
B) a desire to fulfill one's own needs.
C) a sufficient sense of self.
D) a willingness to reveal one's self.

Question 11

Regina's behavior violated the "social clock" when she

A) started dating boys just because other girls at her school were doing so.
B) chose to enter college right after high school instead of getting a job.
C) moved out of her parents' home after graduating from college.
D) got married for the first time at the age of 50.

Question 12

Thirteen-year-old Drew and seven of his friends have formed a band. After becoming finalists on a TV talent search show, they stand a good chance of receiving a recording contract and achieving fame and fortune. As a result, their families are very proud of them, and they feel good about themselves. One difficulty that Drew and his band mates might face from violating the social clock by attaining a career at such an early age is

A) disapproval of others.
B) a decline in self-esteem.
C) lack of peer support.
D) problems with school schedules.

Question 13

In the mid-1960s, most people surveyed agreed that individuals should marry in their late teens, finish school and go to work by age 22, and settle on a career by their mid-20s. If surveyed today, most people would

A) agree with all of the above.
B) agree with age of marriage but disagree about school, work, and career.
C) agree about school, work, and career but disagree with age of marriage.
D) not agree with any of these.

Question 14

Compared to 50 years ago, age norms today concerning the developmental tasks of young adulthood are

A) almost nonexistent.
B) looser.
C) more universally accepted.
D) more rigid.

Question 15

Which of the following people suggested that the United States is becoming an age-irrelevant society?

A) Erik Erikson
B) Robert Havighurst
C) Bernice Neugarten
D) Jean Piaget

Question 16

The theory of selective optimization with compensation emphasizes which aspect of developmental tasks?

A) "How"
B) "What"
C) "When"
D) "Where"

Question 17

Which of the following individuals is optimizing her resources?

A) Janet, who wants to pursue a career as a doctor but instead is studying to be a physician's assistant because she is short of funds.
B) Maria, who is trying to decide whether to pursue her dream of becoming an opera singer or go into the family business and sell cars.
C) Shirley, who decided to pursue a career in show business and signed up for voice, acting, and dance lessons.
D) Diane, who is trying to decide whether to pursue a career as a chef or as a beautician.

Question 18

Compensation was evident when Matthew

A) decided to break up with Anna after he met Sarah and fell in love at first sight.
B) had to choose between two majors, psychology and biology.
C) transferred from an out-of-town college to a local one because he needed to cut down on expenses.
D) signed up for tennis lessons in the summer to make sure that he'd make the team in the fall.

Question 19

When Carrie was ready to select a career, she experienced environmental constraints when

A) her back went out a day before the job interview.
B) her parents objected to her becoming a policewoman.
C) she had second thoughts about her choice after a friend was injured on the job.
D) she failed to pass the admission test the first time she took it.

Question 20

The most common concerns among people seeking psychotherapy involve complaints about

A) low self-esteem.
B) common phobias.
C) relationships.
D) work-related issues.

Question 21

As people grow old, their social network shrinks. Consequently, their health

A) is very much likely to decline.
B) paradoxically tends to improve.
C) is not affected at all, as the two variables are not correlated.
D) is maintained, but only if the inner core of the network remains intact.

Question 22

To the ancient Greeks, passionate feelings of attraction in the context of marriage were regarded as

A) irrelevant but harmless.
B) nice but not necessary.
C) sheer madness.
D) an absolute necessity.

Question 23

The components of Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love are passion, intimacy, and

A) compassion.
B) consideration.
C) commitment.
D) connection.

Question 24

Roberta and Paul have been lovers for the past 6 months. Nevertheless, Roberta was taken back when Paul asked her to marry him. Although she said "Yes," she had some doubts because they had never really gotten close and shared their innermost thoughts and feelings. Robert Sternberg would say that their relationship is lacking in which element?

A) Commitment
B) Intimacy
C) Passion
D) Connection

Question 25

All three men that Selene found by answering personal ads in a magazine turned out to be interested only in the passion and intimacy components of love. In other words, they

A) did not find her sexually desirable.
B) had a fear of commitment.
C) did not trust her.
D) had no desire to become close to her.

Question 26

"I want to marry you because I'm infatuated with you," said Raymond. "That's not enough,"Said Martha, thinking about consummate love. "I also need you to

A) be physically aroused by me."
B) desire me."
C) be intimate with me."
D) feel passion for me."

Question 27

After meeting at a ski resort and spending a passionate weekend together, Andre and Natasha decided to get married. At this point, Andre and Natasha's marriage is likely based on what type of love?

A) Fatuous
B) Empty
C) Consummate
D) Companionate

Question 28

Oscar and Gertrude have been married for 30 years. In the beginning, their love consisted of passion, intimacy, and commitment. Over the years, some of the passion has gone out of the relationship. In other words, they began with love and now experience _______love.

A) consummate; companionate
B) consummate; empty
C) romantic; fatuous
D) companionate; fatuous

Question 29

Companionate love includes all of the following except

A) affection.
B) caring.
C) passion.
D) trust.

Question 30

Emily and Roger were once passionate about one another but no longer are. Because both cheated in the relationship, there is no longer a sense of trust, either. They are committed to staying together because real estate prices are down, and they know it's a bad time to put the apartment on the market. What type of love do they have?

A) Companionate
B) Empty
C) Fatuous
D) Consummate

Question 31

Most people aspire to what type of love?

A) Consummate
B) Fatuous
C) Companionate
D) romantic

Question 32

Consummate love consists of

A) commitment and intimacy but no passion.
B) intimacy and passion but no commitment.
C) intimacy, passion, and commitment.
D) commitment and passion but no intimacy.

Question 33

In the beginning stages of a relationship, romantic love lacks which element?

A) Commitment
B) Intimacy
C) Passion
D) Trust

Question 34

The love that brings people together is_______ love. The love that keeps them together is_______Love.

A) companionate; passionate
B) fatuous; companionate
C) passionate; companionate
D) fatuous; consummate

Question 35

In a classic study of friendship formation conducted in student housing at MIT (Festinger, Schachter, and Back, 1950), researchers found that friendships were greatly influenced by

A) complementarity
B) physical attraction.
C) proximity.
D) similarity.

Question 36

In general, people tend to be attracted to others who are

A) similar to them in demographics, attitudes, interests, and personality.
B) similar to them in demographics but are complementary in attitudes, interests, and personality.
C) similar to them in personality but are complementary in demographics, attitudes, and interests.
D) complementary to them in demographics, attitudes, interests, and personality.

Question 37

Is there such a thing as a "bias for beauty"?

A) No. It's a myth.
B) Yes, and both men and women show the bias to an equal degree.
C) Yes, and men have a stronger bias than women for physical attractiveness.
D) Yes, and women have a stronger bias than men for physical attractiveness.

Question 38

When a woman is looking for a mate, she is least likely to care about the man's

A) education.
B) income.
C) job.
D) looks.

Question 39

Which of the following is true concerning what men and women look for in a romantic partner?

A) Men cite looks as the most important factor, whereas women cite financial prospects.
B) Women cite looks as the most important factor, whereas men cite personality.
C) Men and women mostly look for similar characteristics in a romantic partner.
D) There are stark contrasts between what men and women look for in a romantic partner.

Question 40

Disclosing too much information at the beginning of a relationship does which of the following?

A) Brings the relationship to a more intimate level
B) Obligates the other person to reciprocate
C) Makes the other person feel uncomfortable
D) Puts the other person in a position of power.

Question 41

Kathy is very shy. Consequently, when she goes out on a date, she discloses very little about herself. How would that most likely make her date feel?

A) He is likely to feel that he needs to be more disclosing with her.
B) He is likely to feel that she is an intriguing woman of mystery.
C) He is likely to feel that she does not trust him.
D) He is likely to feel that it does not matter.

Question 42

When couples go from "falling in love" to "loving each other,"
Which of the following happens?

A) They explore how they can achieve shared goals.
B) Flirtation, passion, and sexual intimacy gain in importance.
C) They go on more formal dates.
D) They start spending less time together.

Question 43

Individuals who are low in avoidance about intimacy and low in anxiety about rejection are said to have what type of attachment style?

A) Dismissive-avoidant
B) Fearful-avoidant
C) Preoccupied
D) Secure

Question 44

Irene wants to be close to her boyfriend but constantly worries that he's going to abandon her as soon as he meets someone more attractive. Irene has which type of attachment style?

A) Dismissive-avoidant
B) Fearful-avoidant
C) Preoccupied
D) Secure

Question 45

People who are high on both the anxiety and avoidance dimensions are said to have which attachment style?

A) Dismissive-avoidant
B) Fearful-avoidant
C) Preoccupied
D) Secure

Question 46

Jody has low self-esteem. When she enters into a relationship, she finds it hard to believe that the man really wants to be with her. Because she expects to be dumped at any moment, she never gets close to the men she dates. Jody appears to have which attachment style?

A) Dismissive-avoidant
B) Fearful-avoidant
C) Preoccupied
D) Secure

Question 47

Which attachment style is characterized by high anxiety and low avoidance?

A) Dismissive-avoidant
B) Fearful-avoidant
C) Preoccupied
D) Secure

Question 48

Morgan is a self-assured, independent young woman who likes go out on dates but doesn't really trust men. Consequently, she never experiences intimacy in her relationships. Morgan appears to have which attachment style?

A) Dismissive-avoidant
B) Fearful-avoidant
C) Preoccupied
D) Secure

Question 49

Marla knew her new boyfriend had a secure attachment style because he

A) felt very uncomfortable when she tried to get him to talk about himself.
B) didn't mind when she wanted to get close to him and trusted her to return his love.
C) seemed to not care when she flirted with other guys.
D) sought to be close to her and was constantly worried that she would dump him.

Question 50

Glenn, who was engaged to Rita, had a secure attachment style. Now that Rita broke off their engagement, Glenn, who is devastated, might be expected to

A) drown his sorrow in alcohol.
B) be unable to adjust to the loss.
C) reflect constructively about it.
D) ruminate.

Question 51

Attachment styles tend to be

A) generally unstable and changeable.
B) generally unstable but hard to change.
C) stable over time and not subject to change.
D) stable over time but subject to change.

Question 52

In the first semester in college,_______percent of freshmen report feeling lonely. For most, the loneliness dissipates when they_______.

A) 20; find a romantic partner
B) 40; find a romantic partner
C) 20; make new friends
D) 40; make new friends

Question 53

Robert Weiss argued that loneliness can

A) be avoided if a person has a circle of friends.
B) be avoided if a person has a romantic partner.
C) be avoided only if a person has both a circle of friends and a romantic partner.
D) coexist along with both a circle of friends and a romantic partner.

Question 54

According to Robert Weiss, people who lack an intimate relationship are apt to experience_______Loneliness, whereas people who lack a circle of friends are apt to experience _______loneliness.

A) dismissive; fearful
B) fearful; dismissive
C) emotional; social
D) social; emotional

Question 55

Emotional loneliness is characterized by feelings of

A) abandonment.
B) exclusion.
C) boredom.
D) social marginality.

Question 56

After she and her husband divorced, Judy experienced emotional loneliness. If asked how she felt, she most likely would have said,

A) "Bored out of my mind."
B) "Excluded."
C) "Socially marginalized."
D) "Utterly alone."

Question 57

Fifty years ago, the average age of first marriage for men was_______. Nowadays, it is_______

A) 20; 25
B) 21; 23
C) 23; 28
D) 25; 30

Question 58

Even though she was 33 years old, Meredith's father was unhappy to hear that she and her boyfriend were going to be cohabiting. "But Dad," said Meredith, "that's what everyone does these days."To be accurate, Meredith should have said: "By their mid-30s,_______percent of women have cohabited."

A) 18
B) 30
C) 50
D) 75

Question 59

Approximately what percentage of the babies born out of wedlock is born to cohabiting couples?

A) 8
B) 15
C) 30
D) 45

Question 60

The majority of Americans now view marriage as

A) a personal goal and a component of the good life.
B) an alternative lifestyle.
C) a relic of another age.
D) necessary only for those planning on having children.

Question 61

Compared to her white counterpart, the average African-American woman is

A) less likely to experience divorce.
B) less likely to have a good marriage as a personal goal.
C) more likely to remarry after divorce.
D) likely to have less eligible males to choose from.

Question 62

Approximately what percentage of cohabiting couples is same-sex?

A) 1
B) 4
C) 11
D) 21

Question 63

Compared to their heterosexual counterpart, the average homosexual couple in a long-term relationship tends to experience

A) more of a social stigma.
B) less feelings of love.
C) less satisfaction in the relationship.
D) a more traditional division of labor in the household.

Question 64

Dahlia, a 40-year-old single woman by choice, is

A) part of a rising trend.
B) likely unhappy.
C) apt to be maladjusted.
D) probably lacking in emotional support and companionship.

Question 65

Forest and Penny just got married. They are blissfully happy. They can expect to remain that way until about the_______year of the marriage, with_______ becoming dissatisfied first.

A) third; Forest
B) third; Penny
C) eighth; Forest
D) eighth; Penny

Question 66

How does the decline in satisfaction in a relationship compare in married and cohabiting couples?

A) Both kinds of couples experience identical rates of decline in satisfaction.
B) Cohabiting couples experience the decline in satisfaction later in the relationship than do married couples.
C) Cohabiting couples experience a slower decline in satisfaction than do married couples.
D) Cohabiting couples experience a steeper decline in satisfaction, and it occurs earlier in the relationship.

Question 67

The four types of negative behaviors during marital conflict that John Gottman identified as being especially damaging to the relationship are stonewalling, criticism, contempt, and

A) crying.
B) defensiveness.
C) bargaining.
D) threatening.

Question 68

During an argument, Greta stonewalled her husband by

A) attacking his personality.
B) giving him the "silent treatment."
C) insulting his sense of self.
D) presenting herself as a victim.

Question 69

The stress-crossover effect was evident in Frank and Joanne's marriage when

A) Frank came home stressed out from work.
B) Frank, who was stressed at work, began to feel stressed over his marriage.
C) Joanne became stressed because she felt how stressed Frank was at work.
D) Joanne did her best to make the home environment pleasant for Frank to compensate for his work stress.

Question 70

According to the stress-vulnerability-adaptation model of marriage, marital quality is affected by vulnerabilities that couples bring to the marriage, stressful events that the couple might encounter, and their

A) relationship history.
B) intimacy level.
C) positive or negative marital behavior.
D) social support network.

Question 71

Divorce rates soared in the United States in the 1970s and 1980s for the following reasons: changing laws made divorce easier, divorce became more socially acceptable, and

A) marriage ceased to be a personal goal for most people.
B) men and women became less desirous of being in a long-term relationship.
C) the media made divorce seem glamorous.
D) women became more financially independent.

Question 72

Of the following, who is least likely to get divorced?

A) A college graduate who is struggling financially
B) A college graduate who is doing well financially
C) A high school dropout who is doing well financially
D) A high school dropout who is struggling financially

Question 73

Of the following, the one who is statistically most likely to get divorced is

A) an 18-year-old whose parents stayed married.
B) a 22-year-old whose parents stayed married.
C) a 26-year-old whose parents stayed married.
D) a 20-year-old whose parents were divorced.

Question 74

After Louisa and Tom decided to move in together, Louisa did some research on a reputable site and was surprised to find out that

A) breakups are less messy or intense for cohabiting couples than for married couples.
B) half of all cohabiting relationships end in the first year.
C) premarital cohabitation leads to marital dissatisfaction.
D) people in cohabiting relationships are less likely to have divorced parents.

Question 75

Compared to people who do not cohabit before marriage, those who do are more likely to

A) experience greater marital satisfaction after marriage.
B) have parents who were divorced.
C) have more conventional values.
D) be less accepting toward divorce.

Question 76

Which of the following couples is least likely to break up?

A) A cohabiting heterosexual couple
B) A cohabiting gay couple
C) A cohabiting lesbian couple
D) A married heterosexual couple

Question 77

Four young couples just experienced the birth of their first baby at the local hospital. Which one of them is most likely to preserve marital satisfaction in the coming months?

A) Janet and Dean, who say, "We expect to be exhausted and stressed out from all the extra work."
B) Celeste and Howard, who say, "We don't foresee any change in our lifestyle at all."
C) Debbie and Keith, who say, "We're hoping the baby will adapt to our fast-paced life, not the other way around."
D) Lynn and Malik, who say, "Babies are not much work: you feed them, change them, and put them to sleep. Easy."

Question 78

Compared to new fathers, new mothers are

A) more apt to be satisfied in their marriage.
B) less apt to feel isolated.
C) more apt to find new parenthood stressful.
D) less apt to take a leave of absence from work.

Question 79

The adjustment to new parenthood is likely to be easiest for which of the following couples?

A) Maya and Ted, who have a large family that is standing by to offer help and advice
B) Sue and Alec, whose baby is colicky
C) Beth and Sam, who hope the baby might improve their faltering marriage
D) Leeann and Ernest, who expect that having a baby will be a totally positive experience

Question 80

Malcolm and Judd, a gay couple, have just adopted a little baby girl named Lily. In view of their sexual orientation, one can assume that

A) Lily will encounter some discrimination.
B) Lily will be maladjusted.
C) they will be less effective as parents.
D) they will be less devoted as parents.