Deck 1: Juvenile Justice: An Overview

Question 1

The premise of parens patriae at the Cook County Juvenile Court was that it allowed the juvenile courts to ________.

A) treat youthful offenders
B) punish the families of youthful offenders
C) isolate youthful offenders from society
D) punish youthful offenders

Answer 1

treat youthful offenders

Question 2

In colonial times, youths were punished by ________.

A) sheriffs
B) watchmen
C) magistrates
D) their families

Answer 2

their families

Question 3

In Europe during the middle ages, who assumed control over children and their welfare before it was turned over to the Chancery Court?

A) constables
B) shire reeves
C) the landowners
D) circuit judges

Answer 3

the landowners

Question 4

Parens patriae focused on the ________ as the one who protected his or her subjects.

A) self
B) sovereign
C) god
D) family

Question 5

In the late 1700s and early 1800s, the ________ was believed to be the primary source of youths' problems.

A) school
B) peer group
C) family
D) community

Question 6

Early Houses of Refuge were run using a ________.

A) family model
B) deterrence model
C) rehabilitation model
D) punishment and penitence model

Question 7

The penal system of the colonies was modeled after the ________ system.

A) German
B) Spanish
C) Norwegian
D) English

Question 8

Which of the following services did John Augustus instigate?

A) truth in sentencing
B) arranging for employment for youths on probation
C) placing children on probation in houses of refuge
D) domestic violence round up

Question 9

The liberal agenda of the 1960s and 1970s emphasized the ________.

A) increased focus on punishment
B) support of long-term confinement of juveniles
C) diversion of minor offenders from the juvenile justice system
D) increased use of training school

Question 10

Studies on hidden delinquency and middle-class law breaking has taught that nearly all juveniles ________.

A) are unhappy
B) get caught
C) break the law
D) are followers

Question 11

Which of the following would proponents of the "get tough" philosophy support?

A) ensuring increased long-term confinement for juveniles
B) providing juveniles with all the procedural safeguards given to adults
C) keeping status offenders out of the juvenile justice system
D) urging the use of community resources in working with juvenile offenders

Question 12

Early in the history of this nation, the poor newcomers were viewed as ________.

A) allies
B) honest
C) criminals
D) religious

Question 13

Which of the following is a required function of the juvenile court?

A) obtain taped confessions from juveniles
B) prepare juveniles for their return to the community
C) supervise juveniles who have been released from training schools
D) deal with child neglect

Question 14

The processing of juveniles by the juvenile justice system usually begins when ________.

A) an intake official of the court decides to hold a youth in detention
B) police refer a youth to the juvenile court
C) a judge decides that a youth should be held and tried for a crime
D) the youth is moved to residential placement

Question 15

Which of the following is a responsibility of an agency other than corrections?

A) using residential programs to prepare youths for release
B) caring for youthful offenders sentenced by the courts
C) making sentencing decisions
D) supervising offenders released to probation by the courts

Question 16

Which of the following terms is synonymous with an indictment?

A) disposition
B) custody
C) respondent
D) petition

Question 17

Which of the following concepts is in line with the justice model?

A) Juveniles should not be rewarded with procedural safeguards.
B) Community service should not be a substitute for confinement.
C) Juveniles must be punished in proportion to the seriousness of the offense.
D) The basic mission of juvenile justice is to rehabilitate youthful offenders.

Question 18

Which of the following correctional models emphasizes punishment as the remedy for juvenile misbehavior?

A) due process
B) least restrictive
C) rehabilitation
D) crime control

Question 19

Which of the following is an objective of the balanced and restorative justice model?

A) Juvenile offenders should receive therapy rather than be institutionalized.
B) Indeterminate sentencing should be implemented for increased effectiveness.
C) Decision-making alternatives to formal court or other adversarial processes should be provided.
D) Procedural safeguards should be granted to juveniles who have broken the law.

Question 20

Which of the following is most concerned that juvenile offenders receive therapy rather than institutionalization?

A) treatment model
B) justice model
C) crime control model
D) balanced and restorative model

Question 21

Juvenile justice in the United States began with the formation of the juvenile court in 1899.

Question 22

The Illinois court was set up to operate on a formal basis.

Question 23

The parens patriae philosophy permitted the Cook County Juvenile Court to take charge of juveniles (children) in need.

Question 24

Houses of refuge were started in the mid 1700s.

Question 25

John Augustus is considered the father of probation.

Question 26

Juvenile aftercare is as old as the juvenile institution.

Question 27

The liberal agenda of the 1960s and the 1970s emphasized the increased use of training schools for status offenders.

Question 28

The Reagan administration's crime control policy for juveniles emphasized a significant use of rehabilitation.

Question 29

The "get tough" strategy for juvenile offenders is part of the least restrictive philosophy.

Question 30

A disposition hearing is basically a sentencing.

Question 31

An adjudicatory hearing is a trial that can result in a conviction.

Question 32

A petitioner in a juvenile court case is the prosecutor.

Question 33

The treatment model is based on the belief that the basic mission of juvenile justice is to rehabilitate youthful offenders.

Question 34

Those promoting the crime control approach wanted to give juveniles better protection through procedural safeguards.

Question 35

In the balanced and restorative justice model, competency refers to the rehabilitation of offenders.

Question 36

The emerging ________ school contended that people were pushed into crime by forces beyond their control.

Question 37

The concept that gives the courts a legal basis for intervening in the lives of children is parens ________.

Question 38

The first juvenile institutions were called Houses of ________.

Question 39

________ schools are also called reformatories or industrial schools.

Question 40

Ever since the colonial period, society has gradually taken authority away from the ________ and given it to the state for correcting the behavior of children.

Question 41

The ________ agenda emphasized the reduced use of training schools.

Question 42

The "get ________"approach argues that juveniles should be punished rather than treated.

Question 43

Most juvenile court codes now require two types of hearings: the adjudicatory and ________ hearings.

Question 44

The justice model requires that punishment offenders receive must be ________ to the seriousness of the offense.

Question 45

The crime control model supports the view that ________ can be helpful in teaching a youth to be responsible, diligent, and honest.

Question 46

Match each term with its description.

-Adjudicatory hearing

A) a trial that can result in a conviction
B) a sentencing hearing
C) parole
D) a sentence to confinement

Question 47

Match each term with its description.

-Aftercare

A) a trial that can result in a conviction
B) a sentencing hearing
C) parole
D) a sentence to confinement

Question 48

Match each term with its description.

-Commitment

A) a trial that can result in a conviction
B) a sentencing hearing
C) parole
D) a sentence to confinement

Question 49

Match each term with its description.

-Dispositional hearing

A) a trial that can result in a conviction
B) a sentencing hearing
C) parole
D) a sentence to confinement

Question 50

Match each term with its description.

-Juvenile court officer

A) a defendant
B) a prosecutor
C) a defense attorney
D) a probation officer

Question 51

Match each term with its description.

-Petitioner

A) a defendant
B) a prosecutor
C) a defense attorney
D) a probation officer

Question 52

Match each term with its description.

-Respondent

A) a defendant
B) a prosecutor
C) a defense attorney
D) a probation officer

Question 53

Match each term with its description.

-Minor

A) a defendant
B) a prosecutor
C) a defense attorney
D) a probation officer

Question 54

Match each term with its description.

-Treatment Model

A) emphasizes punishment as the remedy for crime
B) accountability, competency, and community protection
C) advocates for "just deserts"
D) Parens patriae, is the philosophical basis

Question 55

Match each term with its description.

-Justice Model

A) emphasizes punishment as the remedy for crime
B) accountability, competency, and community protection
C) advocates for "just deserts"
D) Parens patriae, is the philosophical basis

Question 56

Match each term with its description.

-Crime Control Model

A) emphasizes punishment as the remedy for crime
B) accountability, competency, and community protection
C) advocates for "just deserts"
D) Parens patriae, is the philosophical basis

Question 57

Match each term with its description.

-Balanced and Restorative Justice Model

A) emphasizes punishment as the remedy for crime
B) accountability, competency, and community protection
C) advocates for "just deserts"
D) Parens patriae, is the philosophical basis

Question 58

What was the main difference between houses of refuge and reformatories?

Question 59

Describe the differences in the appropriate application of the get tough and go soft approaches to sentencing.

Question 60

Name the four basic correctional models in the juvenile justice system and briefly describe their philosophical bases.

Question 61

You are a juvenile probation officer with a 16 year-old female client whose initial crime was a joy-ride vehicle theft. While on probation your client commits an aggravated assault. The judge asks you to work with the prosecutor to come up with an appropriate disposition to recommend for the offender. You are a supporter of the least-restrictive approach and the prosecutor is an advocate of the get-tough approach. The prosecutor adamantly pushes for incarceration. Would you be likely to agree with her recommendation? Why or why not?

Question 62

Suppose there were an opening for a judge in your town. The city council asks you to serve on the committee who will interview the candidates and then recommend a judge that would be a good fit for your community. They tell you they want someone who believes in rehabilitating offenders and not too quick to incarcerate. These are your four candidates:
John Smith, an advocate of the treatment model
Harold Reed, and advocate of the justice model
Jim Jones, an advocate for the crime control model
Thomas Wu, an advocate for the balanced and restorative justice model
Which of these candidates would likely be the best fit for what the city council is looking for? Why?