Deck 11: Juvenile Aftercare

Question 1

Much of the current work in juvenile justice is focused on ________.

A) punishment
B) confinement
C) aftercare
D) reentry

Answer 1

confinement

Question 2

Which of the following is an objective of juvenile aftercare?

A) reducing the crimes committed by released juveniles
B) increasing the time of confinement
C) releasing residents at a convenient time for the detention facility
D) eliminating the monitoring of offenders

Answer 2

reducing the crimes committed by released juveniles

Question 3

What is the prime goal of incarcerated youth?

A) retaliation
B) rehabilitation
C) release
D) respect

Answer 3

release

Question 4

Why is the term aftercare a misnomer?

A) because there never really is an "after"
B) because there is actually much more pre-care involved
C) because there really isn't any care involved
D) because aftercare involves much more than "after an offender is released"

Question 5

Juveniles released after training are placed ________.

A) on aftercare or parole status
B) in drug rehab facilities
C) in general population in the prison
D) with their respective families

Question 6

Which argument contradicts the contention that the staff members who work with the residents know them best and are best judges of when they should be released?

A) The institutional officials will intentionally try to keep the inmates imprisoned to prevent budget cuts.
B) The institutional staff does not have one-to-one relationships with the inmates.
C) The institutional officials and staff are prone to overreact to residents' inability to get along in the institution.
D) The institutional staff does not know the inmates sufficiently to judge their behavior.

Question 7

Which of the following is a disadvantage of setting up independent agencies for releasing youths from training centers?

A) Agencies can be easily bribed and thus manipulated.
B) Agencies are too far removed from the institutions to know what is happening on the inside.
C) Ideological differences between agency members and the youths can lead to major disadvantages for the youths.
D) Agency members tend to overreact to the youth's behavior.

Question 8

States that use ________ sentencing for juveniles usually have determined the time of institutional release when the youth is committed to training school.

A) minimum
B) mandatory
C) indeterminate
D) optimum

Question 9

For an aftercare program to be successful, it should ________.

A) reduce contact as much as possible between officials and offenders
B) depend on intuition and not on any definite plan
C) target offenders with the highest risk of recidivism
D) avoid cognitive and behavioral treatments

Question 10

Which of the following is a reason given for the failure of aftercare?

A) constructive nature of institutional life
B) the abundance of support in the community
C) lack of a moral code among inmates
D) extreme fragmentation in the system

Question 11

The Intensive Aftercare Program model focuses on ________.

A) punishment
B) social control
C) reintegrative process
D) retributive justice

Question 12

A basic assumption of the Intensive Aftercare Program is that serious and chronic delinquency is related to ________.

A) basic institutional failure
B) weak controls
C) insufficient confinement times
D) bad police work

Question 13

Revocation generally is based on the ________ of the youths.

A) attitude
B) past history
C) age
D) support systems

Question 14

Which of the following was the most frequent reason for the revocation of aftercare according to a Kentucky study?

A) commission of property crimes
B) technical violations
C) commission of violent crimes
D) continued drug use

Question 15

Murray v. Page set the rationale for the ________ model.

A) rehabilitation
B) restorative justice
C) due process
D) crime control

Question 16

In Chief Justice Warren Burger's opinion, the first requirement of due process for parole revocation is ________.

A) written notice of the claimed violation of parole
B) a written statement by the fact finders
C) the right to confront and cross-examine adverse witnesses
D) a hearing before an uninvolved hearing officer

Question 17

Aftercare for the Incarcerated through Mentoring (AIM), a juvenile reentry program based in Indiana, focuses primarily on ________.

A) supervising the incarcerated
B) providing employment to the released youth
C) connecting imprisoned youth and adult mentors
D) giving legal advice to the incarcerated

Question 18

What resulted in over $28 million dollars being awarded to non-profit organizations and governments to provide services to reentering ex-offenders?

A) the Second Chance Act being signed into law
B) the Social Policy Act
C) the Recidivism Reduction Act
D) the offender Reintegration Act

Question 19

Which of the following statements is the MOST True?

A) The most widely used program provides intensive supervision to low-risk youthful offenders.
B) Juveniles released from training schools are even less prepared for community living than they were in the past.
C) Low recidivism rates have inspired experimentation.
D) The challenge to improving aftercare is much easier today.

Question 20

What program begins with a thirteen-week reintegration treatment program that attempts to improve offenders' basic socialization skills, to stop their use or abuse of drugs, and to provide them with employment and/or an educational opportunity?

A) Workforce 99
B) Lucky 13
C) Lifeskills 95
D) Cutting Edge

Question 21

Confinement is the primary goal of imprisonment of juvenile offenders.

Question 22

Aftercare begins at or after sentencing and continues through confinement and a youth's release to the community.

Question 23

Aftercare is synonymous with probation.

Question 24

In all states, the authority for making this decision for juveniles rests with the executive branch of state governments.

Question 25

Illinois is the only state in which juvenile judges have the authority to remove juveniles from training schools.

Question 26

In six states, a parole board appointed by the governor considers early release for institutionalized juveniles.

Question 27

The Supreme Court first ruled on parole revocation procedures in the 1972 Morrissey v. Brewer decision.

Question 28

Only status and minor offenders are permitted to participate in intensive aftercare supervision.

Question 29

In terms of intensive aftercare supervision, three populations of juveniles can be targeted: all parolees, medium- to low-risk parolees, and high-risk parolees.

Question 30

Parole or aftercare officers have much in common with probation officers.

Question 31

Aftercare officers, more so than probation officers, are looked on even more often as law enforcement figures because they can return offenders to institutional confinement.

Question 32

Revocation generally is based on the attitudes of the youths.

Question 33

Juveniles released from training schools are much more prepared for community living than they were in the past.

Question 34

Lifeskills '95 is geared to chronic, high-risk juvenile offenders and is designed to assist these offenders when released from secure confinement.

Question 35

Aftercare for the Incarcerated through Mentoring"
(AIM) is a juvenile reentry program based in Arizona.

Question 36

________ is the prime goal for a confined youth.

Question 37

________ can be defined as reintegrative services that prepare out-of-home placed juveniles for reentry into the community by establishing the necessary collaborative arrangements with the community to ensure the delivery of prescribed services and supervision.

Question 38

The bases on which juveniles are released from ________ schools vary, and so do those individuals responsible for making the release decision.

Question 39

States that use ________ or mandatory sentencing for juveniles usually have determined the time of institutional release when the youth is committed to training school.

Question 40

The current emphasis in aftercare, as in juvenile probation, is on short-time ________ control.

Question 41

The Intensive Aftercare Program model is a combination of social control, ________, and social learning theories.

Question 42

Recidivists receive less effective anti-delinquent ________ than do non-recidivists

Question 43

Juveniles who have been confined for only a few months in training school do not need ________ programs.

Question 44

It is clear that a reduction in ________ size and intensification of level of contacts are widely accepted operational principles for intensive aftercare programming.

Question 45

The challenge to improving aftercare is even greater today because of the demise of traditional ________ approaches n so many training schools across the nation.

Question 46

Match each term with its description.

-36.6%

A) Hispanics in aftercare from a 2010 study
B) Non-Hispanic whites in aftercare from a 2010 study
C) Those in aftercare from a single-parent home in a 2010 study
D) African Americans in aftercare from a 2010 study

Question 47

Match each term with its description.

-39.4%

A) Hispanics in aftercare from a 2010 study
B) Non-Hispanic whites in aftercare from a 2010 study
C) Those in aftercare from a single-parent home in a 2010 study
D) African Americans in aftercare from a 2010 study

Question 48

Match each term with its description.

-19.8 %

A) Hispanics in aftercare from a 2010 study
B) Non-Hispanic whites in aftercare from a 2010 study
C) Those in aftercare from a single-parent home in a 2010 study
D) African Americans in aftercare from a 2010 study

Question 49

Match each term with its description.

-56%

A) Hispanics in aftercare from a 2010 study
B) Non-Hispanic whites in aftercare from a 2010 study
C) Those in aftercare from a single-parent home in a 2010 study
D) African Americans in aftercare from a 2010 study

Question 50

Match each term with its description.

-Morrissey v. Brewer

A) Set the rationale for the requirements of due process
B) Involved a probation revocation in Wisconsin
C) Supreme court ruled on parole revocation procedures
D) The right to a hearing and counsel on probation violations

Question 51

Match each term with its description.

-Gagnon v. Scarpelli

A) Set the rationale for the requirements of due process
B) Involved a probation revocation in Wisconsin
C) Supreme court ruled on parole revocation procedures
D) The right to a hearing and counsel on probation violations

Question 52

Match each term with its description.

-Mempa v. Rhay

A) Set the rationale for the requirements of due process
B) Involved a probation revocation in Wisconsin
C) Supreme court ruled on parole revocation procedures
D) The right to a hearing and counsel on probation violations

Question 53

Match each term with its description.

-Murray v. Page

A) Set the rationale for the requirements of due process
B) Involved a probation revocation in Wisconsin
C) Supreme court ruled on parole revocation procedures
D) The right to a hearing and counsel on probation violations

Question 54

Match each term with its description.

-2008

A) Over $28 million dollars were awarded for services for reentering ex-offenders
B) The Second Chance Act was signed into law
C) Over $82 million were appropriated to programs encouraging reintegration

Question 55

Match each term with its description.

-2009

A) Over $28 million dollars were awarded for services for reentering ex-offenders
B) The Second Chance Act was signed into law
C) Over $82 million were appropriated to programs encouraging reintegration

Question 56

Match each term with its description.

-2010

A) Over $28 million dollars were awarded for services for reentering ex-offenders
B) The Second Chance Act was signed into law
C) Over $82 million were appropriated to programs encouraging reintegration

Question 57

Explain what factors go into the decision of should be responsible to release youths from training schools?

Question 58

What are some of the defining characteristics of intensive aftercare supervision?

Question 59

What do interstate compacts agree upon?

Question 60

There is a lot of controversy over when a youth should be released from training school and who makes that determination. What might be a legitimate reason why a juvenile would be released earlier than preferred by caseworkers?

Question 61

One of these three youths just got released into the community and placed on aftercare. The other two have never been convicted of a crime. Based on the studies mentioned here in chapter 11, which one do you think is on aftercare?
1) Steve, a 15-year-old middle class white male with a "C" average at school.
2) Shawon, a 17-year-old African American Male, whose father died three years ago, forcing his mother to work full time as a maid at Hotel 6.
3) Monique, a 14-year-old Hispanic female whose parents are still together.