Deck 13: Juvenile Gangs

Question 1

The most consistent finding on the work of detached workers for gangs was that they ________.

A) decreased the size of the youth gang
B) produced more harmony among gang members
C) decreased the amount of female participation in the group
D) increased the size of the youth gang

Answer 1

increased the size of the youth gang

Question 2

Super gangs were first developed in which of the following eras?

A) 1960s
B) 1920s
C) 1940s
D) 1950s

Answer 2

1960s

Question 3

Which of the following drugs hit the streets in the late 1980s and contributed to the expansion, violence, and criminal gang operations?

A) amphetamines
B) marijuana
C) crack cocaine
D) heroin

Answer 3

crack cocaine

Question 4

Which of the following is the MOST True about defining gangs?

A) The association avoids having any type of identifiable structure
B) A gang can be as few as two members.
C) The members engage in delinquency instead of criminal activity.
D) Intimidation to further its criminal objectives.

Question 5

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement?

A) An important gang dimension is the size of the gang.
B) An important gang dimension is the attraction of the gang.
C) An important gang dimension is the age of the gang.
D) An important gang dimension is the specialty of the gang.

Question 6

Gangs that are formed due to social discrimination or rejection offer ________?

A) power
B) security
C) acceptance
D) means of earning money

Question 7

According to Carl S. Taylor, gangs that prey on those who are unable to defend themselves are ________ gangs.

A) hedonistic
B) scavenger
C) territorial
D) corporate

Question 8

According to Jeffery Fagan's analysis, which of the following gangs were involved in a few delinquent activities and only alcohol and marijuana use?

A) Type 2 gangs
B) Type 3 gangs
C) Type 4 gangs
D) Type 1 gangs

Question 9

Which of the following is the TrueST statement about gang activity?

A) Gangs avoid coercion when recruiting young prospects.
B) Recruiting young members is difficult due to the bleak view of gang life.
C) If young prospects have no family members in the gang, the normal initiation would be to blessed them in.
D) Gangs regularly go on recruiting parties.

Question 10

Which gangs tend to have more identifiable leadership?

A) Hispanic/Latino gangs
B) African American gangs
C) Asian gangs
D) Caucasian gangs

Question 11

What is the ethnic background of the MS-13 and Sur 13 gangs?

A) Asian
B) Hispanic/Latino
C) Caucasian
D) African American

Question 12

Which of the following gangs has been the most active in drug trafficking across the United States?

A) La Raza
B) Miami Boys
C) Bloods and Crips
D) Jamaican Posses

Question 13

Which of the following is the MOST True of female gangs?

A) They all operate independent of adolescent male gangs.
B) They commit fewer violent crimes than do their male counterparts.
C) Female gangs expose its members to the harsh environment of the barrio.
D) Females who are connected to male gangs don't participate in drug related activity.

Question 14

Which of the following is the MOST True about female gangs?

A) Gang involvement does expose young women to risks of victimization.
B) Females have to participate in all the masculine activities such as fighting and committing crime.
C) Female gangs to not persecute their members who opt out of violence and crime.
D) Girls join gangs for different reasons that boys do.

Question 15

Which of the following is True of female gangs?

A) They all operate independent of adolescent male gangs.
B) Studies show that girls age out of gangs before boys.
C) Loyalty is not a basic element.
D) They are all non-violent.

Question 16

Which of the following takes place in stage 5 of gang development?

A) expansion and conflict
B) gang takeover
C) gang intimidation
D) expansion of drug markets

Question 17

What percentage of emergent street gangs is typically made up of juveniles?

A) 50%
B) 75%
C) 90%
D) 20%

Question 18

Which of the following takes place the earliest in gang development?

A) The city deteriorates because of gang control.
B) Gang leaders tell youths in a community they may "represent" gang signs.
C) Gangs control minority neighborhoods.
D) Drugs are sold openly in schools.

Question 19

According to Spergel, which of the following strategies of intervention focuses on arrest, incarceration, monitoring, and supervision of gang members?

A) organizational development
B) community organization
C) suppression
D) opportunity provision

Question 20

Which of the following strategies is predictive of effectiveness in working with gang problems according to Spergel?

A) setting up opportunity programs along with strong community organization and participation of key community members
B) focusing more on arrest, incarceration, and monitoring of gang members
C) increasing the size of the police department's gang suppression unit
D) strengthening social intervention in early childhood

Question 21

There was an upsurge of youth gangs beginning in 1988.

Question 22

Youth gangs may have existed as early as the American Revolution.

Question 23

In the 1920s, urban gangs became responsible for a major portion of muggings, robberies, extortions, and drug trafficking operations in the United States.

Question 24

The number of gangs, as well as membership in these gangs, began to decline in the mid-1990s.

Question 25

The larger the community is, the more likely it is that gang members will be juveniles.

Question 26

The influential type of gang leadership structure relates power and authority to one's position in the line of command.

Question 27

The Bloods and the Crips, the most notorious Los Angeles gangs, are representative of the horizontal/commission type.

Question 28

Asian gangs are generally more numerous and have more members than other racial and ethnic gangs.

Question 29

Until the closing decades of the twentieth century, most gangs were made up of African American youths.

Question 30

Studies consistently show that female gangs are separate entities from male gangs.

Question 31

Females who opt out of violence and crime are often viewed as lesser members and may expose themselves to greater risks of victimization within their gangs.

Question 32

Stage 1 of gang development is characterized by the deterioration of the city because of gang control.

Question 33

Stage 7 of gang development is characterized by gang leaders becoming aware that the sale of crack cocaine in new markets would bring exceptionally high profits.

Question 34

The primary goal of the comprehensive gang model in Chicago was to reduce the extremely high levels of female gang members.

Question 35

Gang units are established in police departments to focus on getting rid of the gang problem and often turn to repressive measures that are of little long-term significance.

Question 36

Major ________ developed when neighborhood gangs became larger and more powerful than other gangs in surrounding neighborhoods.

Question 37

Among the changes in the 1970s through the 1990s was street gangs becoming responsible for a large portion of ________ crime, including violent crime.

Question 38

Underclass theory has been widely used to explain the ________ of gangs.

Question 39

According to Martin Jankowski, the vertical structure divides ________ hierarchically into several different levels.

Question 40

The three types of gangs identified by C.Ronald Huff in Cleveland and Columbus were hedonistic, instrumental, and ________ gangs.

Question 41

According to Carl S. Taylor, Detroit gangs are of three types: ________, territorial, and corporate.

Question 42

African American gangs usually identify themselves by wearing certain colors in addition to other identifiers, such as the common ________ signs.

Question 43

In the 1990s, the West Coast saw a consolidation of lower and middle-class ________ youth into groups who referred to themselves as stoners.

Question 44

A few studies have shown that some female gangs in Philadelphia and New York are extremely ________.

Question 45

Esbensen and colleagues' findings showed that girls received more ________ fulfillment from their involvement with gang activity than boys do.

Question 46

________ is the first stage of emerging gangs.

Question 47

The final stage of gang development is characterized by the ________ of the city as a result of gang control.

Question 48

One of the most remarkable and influential persons who have ever worked on gang intervention is Father ________.

Question 49

According to Spergel and colleagues, the form of community intervention that focuses on individual behavior and value change is ________ intervention.

Question 50

Match each term with its description.

-1920s-1940s

A) The number of youth gangs exploded across the United States.
B) Gangs were largely transitory social groups in Chicago.
C) Teenage gangs became established in Boston, New York, and Philadelphia.
D) Leadership of gangs was assumed by adults.

Question 51

Match each term with its description.

-1940s-1950s

A) The number of youth gangs exploded across the United States.
B) Gangs were largely transitory social groups in Chicago.
C) Teenage gangs became established in Boston, New York, and Philadelphia.
D) Leadership of gangs was assumed by adults.

Question 52

Match each term with its description.

-1970s-1988

A) The number of youth gangs exploded across the United States.
B) Gangs were largely transitory social groups in Chicago.
C) Teenage gangs became established in Boston, New York, and Philadelphia.
D) Leadership of gangs was assumed by adults.

Question 53

Match each term with its description.

-1989-1999

A) The number of youth gangs exploded across the United States.
B) Gangs were largely transitory social groups in Chicago.
C) Teenage gangs became established in Boston, New York, and Philadelphia.
D) Leadership of gangs was assumed by adults.

Question 54

Match each term with its description.

-Frederick Thrasher

A) This person's study was one of the first to define youth gangs
B) Study of female gangs is one of the most important of the 20th century
C) Known for the analysis of growth and changes in gangs
D) Known for Community-Wide Approach to Gang Prevention

Question 55

Match each term with its description.

-Walter Miller

A) This person's study was one of the first to define youth gangs
B) Study of female gangs is one of the most important of the 20th century
C) Known for the analysis of growth and changes in gangs
D) Known for Community-Wide Approach to Gang Prevention

Question 56

Match each term with its description.

-Joan Moore

A) This person's study was one of the first to define youth gangs
B) Study of female gangs is one of the most important of the 20th century
C) Known for the analysis of growth and changes in gangs
D) Known for Community-Wide Approach to Gang Prevention

Question 57

Match each term with its description.

-Irving Spergel

A) This person's study was one of the first to define youth gangs
B) Study of female gangs is one of the most important of the 20th century
C) Known for the analysis of growth and changes in gangs
D) Known for Community-Wide Approach to Gang Prevention

Question 58

Match each term with its description.

-Cloward and Ohlin

A) Underclass Theory
B) Subcultural Affiliation
C) Strain Theory
D) Social Disorganization

Question 59

Match each term with its description.

-Miller

A) Underclass Theory
B) Subcultural Affiliation
C) Strain Theory
D) Social Disorganization

Question 60

Match each term with its description.

-Yablonsky

A) Underclass Theory
B) Subcultural Affiliation
C) Strain Theory
D) Social Disorganization

Question 61

Match each term with its description.

-Fagan and others

A) Underclass Theory
B) Subcultural Affiliation
C) Strain Theory
D) Social Disorganization

Question 62

Explain the difference between the gangs of the 1950s and the supergangs of the 1960s.

Question 63

Describe the three different types of gang leadership and how it applies to modern-day gangs.

Question 64

Why were gangs in the 1980s becoming increasingly adult oriented?

Question 65

Which of the following gangs would someone likely belong to if he were living in L. A., was very organized, had an identifiable leadership, was involved heavily in Heroin trafficking, and was tied closely to social and economic life?

A) Hispanic/ Latino gang
B) African American gang
C) Asian gang
D) Caucasian gang

Question 66

Scenario: You decide to join a gang that many of your friends belong to. Your friends advise you not to talk to any of the gang members wearing a black bandana until you earn your blue bandana.
They tell you that you can talk to the members with blue bandanas as long as they invite you to first. They then tell you that the most important thing to remember is that you never come within 5 feet of the one person who wears the Red bandana or you will be severely punished.
Which of Jankowski's three types of leadership would the gang most closely resemble?