Deck 5: Longevity, Health, and Functioning

Question 1

According to the 2008/2009 Canadian Community Health Survey, how is participation in social activities related to self-perceived health?

A) no correlation exists
B) a negative correlation exists
C) a positive correlation exists
D) a nonlinear correlation exists

Answer 1

a positive correlation exists

Question 2

Canadians born in 2011 have an overall life expectancy that is what number of years longer than Canadians born in 1921?

A) 30
B) 25
C) 20
D) 15

Answer 2

25

Question 3

All of the following contribute to women living longer than men EXCEPT which one?

A) women see a physician more often than men
B) men are more likely to die in work-related accidents
C) men smoke and drink alcohol more than women
D) more female babies are born than male babies

Answer 3

more female babies are born than male babies

Question 4

All of the following are possible causes of the healthy immigrant effect EXCEPT which one?

A) health habits practised by immigrants before leaving their home country
B) only healthier wealthier immigrants emigrate to other countries
C) strict health screening of host countries before immigration
D) health habits practised by immigrants after they immigrate

Question 5

Which of the following is LEAST likely to lead to malnutrition in an older Canadian?

A) economic disadvantage
B) dietary restrictions
C) decreased appetite
D) medications

Question 6

Jean is a 65-year-old Canadian. She read in a news article that she can expect to live an additional 22.32 years, which is higher than the national average of 21.73 years. Which province does Jean live in?

A) Saskatchewan
B) British Columbia
C) Prince Edward Island
D) Nova Scotia

Question 7

At present, which of the following infectious diseases is MOST likely to cause the death of an older adult?

A) diphtheria
B) influenza
C) tuberculosis
D) poliomyelitis

Question 8

How does the gender gap in life expectancy among immigrants compare to the gender gap in life expectancy among people who were born in Canada?

A) it is more than twice as large
B) it is slightly larger
C) it is the same
D) it is slightly smaller

Question 9

In which age group is cancer the MOST common cause of death?

A) 1 to 24 years
B) 25 to 44 years
C) 45 to 64 years
D) 65 years and older

Question 10

Which of the following is a common criticism of the definition of health put forth by the World Health Organization (WHO)?

A) it does not consider social well-being
B) it identifies all people with chronic diseases as ill
C) it identifies all people with acute diseases as ill
D) it does not consider mental well-being

Question 11

How much of a contribution do genes make in determining a person's lifespan?

A) 15 to 20%
B) 25 to 30%
C) 45 to 50%
D) 75 to 80%

Question 12

How is life expectancy defined?

A) the age at which half of the individuals born in a given year will have died
B) the average age of death for individuals born in a given year
C) the most common age of death for individuals born in a given year
D) the longest an individual born in a given year is expected to live

Question 13

Tanya works at a government office that sends out birthday cards to every Canadian who is a centenarian or older. For every 100 cards she sends to females, how many does she send to males?

A) 13
B) 43
C) 73
D) 93

Question 14

What is the leading cause of injury-related hospital stays among older adults?

A) falls
B) car accidents
C) frostbite
D) burns

Question 15

According to research discussed in the text, how accurate are self-ratings of physical health?

A) very poor
B) poor
C) good
D) very good

Question 16

Dr. Ye is a physician with a large number of older patients. What pattern of illness across genders has Dr. Ye MOST likely noticed?

A) women are more likely to have arthritis, men are more likely to have cancer
B) women are more likely to have cancer, men are more likely to have hypertension
C) women are more likely to have hypertension, men are more likely to have asthma
D) women are more likely to have asthma, men are more likely to have arthritis

Question 17

In 2008, more than two-thirds of deaths worldwide were caused by which category of diseases?

A) acute communicable diseases
B) chronic communicable diseases
C) acute non-communicable diseases
D) chronic non-communicable diseases

Question 18

The life expectancy for people in Canada is MOST similar to the life expectancy of people living in what other country?

A) the United States
B) Greece
C) Singapore
D) Russia

Question 19

Dr. Oliver is a professor of epidemiology. In a recent lecture she explained to her class that the epidemiological pattern of disease has shifted over time in which of the following ways?

A) high rates of chronic disease and short life expectancy to high rates of acute disease and long life expectancy
B) high rates of chronic disease and long life expectancy to high rates of acute disease and long life expectancy
C) high rates of acute disease and short life expectancy to high rates of chronic disease and long life expectancy
D) high rates of acute disease and long life expectancy to high rates of chronic disease and long life expectancy

Question 20

As of 2009, about one-third of Canadians over the age of 80 had what number of chronic conditions?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four or more

Question 21

A Vision of Healthy Aging in Canada involves all of the following EXCEPT which one?

A) reducing ageism
B) increasing the number of long-term care beds in Canada
C) providing age-friendly environments to make healthy choices
D) recognizing the contributions made by older adults

Question 22

Which province established the first public, universal, hospital insurance in 1947?

A) Ontario
B) Saskatchewan
C) Quebec
D) Manitoba

Question 23

ALL Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) involve which of the following?

A) self-care
B) food
C) toileting
D) memory

Question 24

Frank is 84 years old and his new caregiver has been informed that Frank needs help with ALL his Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs). This means that Frank will definitely need the caregiver's help with which of the following?

A) toileting
B) bathing
C) shopping
D) dressing

Question 25

Rita is an occupational therapist who assesses the functional health of older adults living in an assisted living centre. Today Rita is assessing Mary, who just moved in last week. What will Rita's assessment of Mary focus on?

A) Mary's physical health
B) Mary's ability to feed herself
C) Mary's adherence to her medication regimen
D) Mary's ability to perform everyday activities

Question 26

Which terms refer to the absorption, distribution, and clearance of a drug and the effect of drugs and the mechanism of their action, respectively?

A) polypharmacy; pharmacokinetics
B) pharmacokinetics; polypharmacy
C) pharmacokinetics; pharmacodynamics
D) pharmacodynamics; pharmacokinetics

Question 27

Which of the following is a criticism of Rowe and Kahn's model of successful aging?

A) few people will age without encountering disease
B) few people become centenarians
C) people tend to maintain cognitive abilities as they age
D) people live longer if they are isolated from other people

Question 28

Dr. Kovacs studies how changes in the cytochrome P450 system affect drug metabolism in older adults. Which of the following areas is Dr. Kovacs interested in?

A) polypharmacy
B) pharmacokinetics
C) pharmacodynamics
D) co-morbidity

Question 29

Dr. Reynold suggests that advances in modern medicine have postponed the average age at which people become disabled and shortened the duration of their disability. Which of the following hypotheses is consistent with Dr. Reynold's proposition?

A) expansion of morbidity
B) compression of morbidity
C) dynamic equilibrium
D) maximum longevity

Question 30

Polypharmacy is typically defined as the simultaneous use of what number of medications?

A) three
B) four
C) five
D) six

Question 31

The Canadian healthcare system funds all of the following EXCEPT which one?

A) ambulance service
B) in-patient hospital care
C) psychiatric care
D) emergency room services

Question 32

In Canada, the law that all medically necessary services provided by hospitals and doctors must be insured reflected which of the following principles?

A) universality
B) public administration
C) accessibility
D) comprehensiveness

Question 33

What has happened to Canadian healthcare expenditure on older adults since 2004?

A) it has increased continuously
B) it has decreased then increased
C) it has stayed the same
D) it has decreased continuously

Question 34

Which of the following is the MOST common behavioural risk factor for illness and disability?

A) physical inactivity
B) obesity
C) Type 2 diabetes
D) prescription misuse

Question 35

What does the text cite as two common reasons why an older adult may not take their prescribed medications?

A) side effects and embarrassment
B) embarrassment and low income
C) low income and dementia
D) dementia and side effects

Question 36

According to King and colleagues (2012), which of the following is central to the quality of life?

A) dignity
B) a sense of peace
C) a positive attitude
D) social support

Question 37

Which of the following countries spent the MOST per capita on healthcare in 2016?

A) Canada
B) Germany
C) the United Kingdom
D) the United States

Question 38

What is reported by community dwelling adults as the key to successful aging?

A) maintaining physical functions
B) self-acceptance
C) avoiding disability
D) avoiding chronic illness

Question 39

According to Rowe and Kahn, successful aging involves all of the following EXCEPT which one?

A) engagement in life
B) the avoidance of disease and disability
C) reaching age 80
D) the maintenance of cognitive and physical function

Question 40

Therese is 74 years old and has taken Valium once every year to calm her nerves when she flies to see her sister. Recently Therese has noticed a change in how Valium affects her. What is that change MOST likely to be?

A) she feels the effect of the Valium more quickly
B) she feels the effect of the Valium for longer
C) she feels a stronger overall sedation from the Valium
D) she feels less effect of the Valium

Question 41

Identify and discuss two social factors that contribute to the self-perceived health of an older adult.

Question 42

Describe and critique the models of successful aging proposed by Rowe and Kahn (1997) and Baltes and Baltes (1990) and suggest more appropriate ways to gauge successful aging.

Question 43

According to the text, what are four phenomena related to medications that can have negative impact on older adults? What can be done to mitigate these risks?

Question 44

Discuss three hypotheses related to the consequences of increased longevity and indicate how each scenario will affect the demand on healthcare services.

Question 45

Discuss how gender and ethnicity affect longevity in Canada.