Deck 1: The Science of Chemistry

Question 1

Chemistry is a scientific discipline which ________.

A) is a biological science
B) has only two subdisciplines
C) is devoted to the study of matter and energy
D) has a rigid boundary between itself and other disciplines

Answer 1

is devoted to the study of matter and energy

Question 2

The subdiscipline of chemistry that studies fundamental laws and concepts of chemistry is ________.

A) inorganic chemistry
B) organic chemistry
C) physical chemistry
D) general chemistry

Answer 2

general chemistry

Question 3

Which of the following subdisciplines of science is not a physical science?

A) chemistry
B) herpetology
C) physics
D) astronomy

Answer 3

herpetology

Question 4

Chemistry, physics, and geology are considered physical sciences because they involve the study of ________.

A) changes in matter
B) living organisms
C) changes in energy
D) changes in both matter and energy

Question 5

Which of the following is a biological science?

A) chemistry
B) physics
C) zoology
D) geology

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a scientific discipline that involves the study of living organisms?

A) geology
B) physics
C) botany
D) astronomy

Question 7

The physical application of scientific knowledge towards the production of goods to improve human survival, comfort and quality of life is known as ________.

A) technology
B) scientific discipline
C) natural law
D) theory

Question 8

Teflon is produced when 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethene (F₂C=CF₂) is polymerized. Scientists soon observed that many materials would not adhere to surfaces coated with Teflon. Today, Teflon is used to coat cookware to produce non-stick surfaces. This represents an application of ________.

A) a theory becoming a natural law
B) technology
C) an experiment proving a scientific law
D) an experiment verifying a fact

Question 9

Chemists discovered that a class of compounds called esters could be produced by reacting carboxylic acids with alcohols. Esters are very fragrant and are incorporated into perfumes, and they are used as flavorings in foods. The use of esters in perfumes and foods is an example of ________.

A) technology manipulating nature for advantage
B) a natural law being exploited by chemical experimentation
C) an experiment proving a scientific law
D) an experiment verifying a fact

Question 10

A formal course in chemistry is essential and fascinating because it helps us ________.

A) understand ourselves
B) understand our surroundings
C) understand the world we live in
D) Answers A, B, and C are all correct

Question 11

A tentative model or picture that offers an explanation for a scientific law is called a ________.

A) theory
B) hypothesis
C) fact
D) observation

Question 12

A statement that is obvious to anyone and based on direct experience is called a ________.

A) hypothesis
B) theory
C) fact
D) thesis

Question 13

A generalization that summarizes in a concise manner facts about natural phenomena is called a ________.

A) theory
B) hypothesis
C) scientific law
D) fact

Question 14

A theory is ________.

A) a law that is yet to be tested and validated
B) a law that has been "approved" by at least 3 international scientific organizations
C) a hypothesis that has been tested and validated over a long period of time
D) a hypothesis which is yet to be tested and validated

Question 15

Which of the following pairings of terms is incorrect?

A) theory - unvalidated hypothesis
B) fact - observation
C) hypothesis - tentative explanation
D) scientific law - concise summary of facts about natural phenomena

Question 16

Which procedural step comes first in the scientific method?

A) Identifying the problem and planning procedures to obtain information
B) Testing proposed explanations through experimentation
C) Collecting data through observation and experimentation
D) Analyzing and organizing collected data in terms of generalized statements

Question 17

Which of the following is the most important to chemical discovery?

A) laws
B) hypotheses
C) experiments
D) theories

Question 18

A researcher studies the behavior of a fixed amount of gas under constant pressure conditions in a balloon with the following results.
Experiment 1: At a temperature of 75 K, the gas occupied a volume of 5.0 liters.
Experiment 2: At a temperature of 150 K, the gas occupied a volume of 10.0 liters.
From this data one can generalize that as the temperature of the gas increases,

A) the volume of the gas decreases proportionally.
B) the volume of the gas decreases exponentially.
C) the volume of the gas increases proportionally.
D) the volume of the gas increases exponentially.

Question 19

A set of procedures used to acquire knowledge and explain phenomena is ________.

A) collectively known as the field of science
B) referred to as technology
C) known as the scientific method
D) required to establish scientific law

Question 20

A valid observation about some natural phenomenon is called ________.

A) a hypothesis
B) a fact
C) an experiment
D) a scientific law

Question 21

When the scientific method is applied to a problem, a set of procedures is followed to acquire knowledge and explain phenomena. The procedural steps associated with the scientific method normally occur in the order ________.

A) experiment, fact, scientific law, hypothesis, theory
B) hypothesis, theory, experiment, fact, scientific law
C) theory, hypothesis, fact, experiment, scientific law
D) fact, hypothesis, experiment, theory, scientific law

Question 22

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Facts that have been verified by repeated experiments will never be changed.
B) Theories that are invented to explain certain facts are not subject to change.
C) A theory is a hypothesis that is tested and validated over a period of time.
D) An experiment is a well-defined, controlled procedure for obtaining facts.

Question 23

Which of the following statements is incorrectly classified as a fact, a scientific law, or a hypothesis?

A) Statement: Women live longer than men because they deal better with stressClassification: hypothesis
B) Statement: Magnesium metal ignites when heated to high temperatures.Classification: fact
C) Statement: Gasoline is insoluble in water.Classification: fact
D) Statement: All samples of gaseous substances expand when heated.Classification: scientific law

Question 24

A researcher studied the relationship between the wavelength and the frequency of light.
Experiment 1: If the wavelength of light was 0.50 meter, the frequency was 6 × 10⁸ hertz.
Experiment 2: If the wavelength of light was 1.0 meter, the frequency was 3 × 10⁸ hertz.
From this data one can generalize that as the wavelength of light decreases

A) the frequency decreases by a proportional amount.
B) the frequency increases exponentially.
C) the frequency decreases exponentially.
D) the frequency increases by a proportional amount.

Question 25

Suppose you were handed two drinking glasses, each containing a clear, colorless liquid. Four alternative hypotheses were postulated concerning the liquids contained in the glasses.
1) Both glasses contain water only.
2) One glass contains sugar dissolved in water, and the other glass contains water only.
3) One glass contains salt dissolved in water, and the other glass contains sugar dissolved in water.
4) Both glasses contain salt dissolved in water.
Which of the hypotheses could be rejected by tasting the liquid in one of the glasses and determining that it tasted sweet?

A) 3 and 4
B) 1 and 4
C) 2
D) 1 and 3

Question 26

Einstein first stated the relationship between energy and mass, E = mc², which states that energy (E) equals mass (m) times the speed of light (c) squared. This is an example of a ________.

A) technology
B) scientific discipline
C) scientific law
D) theory

Question 27

When a doctor makes a diagnosis based on laboratory tests, this ________.

A) is a fact
B) is an hypothesis based on facts
C) is a proof of a hypothesis
D) must be true

Question 28

Classify the following as representing

-The plank of wood is 55.4 cm long.

A) quantitative
B) qualitative

Question 29

Classify the following as representing

-The vial contains a brown liquid.

A) quantitative
B) qualitative

Question 30

Classify the following as representing

-The temperature outside is 37 °C.

A) quantitative
B) qualitative

Question 31

Classify the following as representing

-The package of peanuts contains about 100 peanuts

A) quantitative
B) qualitative

Question 32

The vastness and volume of chemical information about our world requires that chemistry be divided into subdisciplines. Match the area of study to its subdiscipline of chemistry by placing the appropriate letter in each blank space provided.
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Question 33

Match the definitions below with the terms at the bottom.
-________ Tentative model or picture that offers an explanation for the behavior of a system

Question 34

Match the definitions below with the terms at the bottom.
-________ Generalization that summarizes in a concise way information about
natural phenomena

Question 35

Match the definitions below with the terms at the bottom.
-________ Tentative model that has been tested and validated over long periods of time

Question 36

Match the definitions below with the terms at the bottom.
-________ A valid observation about some phenomenon

Question 37

Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false.

- A hypothesis is a statement of fact concerning a natural law.

Question 38

Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false.

- A theory is subject to modification in light of new experimental observations.

Question 39

Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false.

- It is much easier to "prove" a hypothesis than it is to "disprove" it.

Question 40

Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false.

- A scientific law is a generalization that summarizes information about natural phenomena.

Question 41

Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false.

- A theory is an explanation for which no experimental basis has yet been found.

Question 42

Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false.

- The validity of a hypothesis is dependent upon it randomly predicting the outcome of yet untried experiments.

Question 43

Indicate whether each of the following statements represents

-A beaker containing calcium carbonate weighs 96.543 grams.

A) quantitative
B) qualitative

Question 44

Indicate whether each of the following statements represents

-The gas in the container was reddish-brown in color.

A) quantitative
B) qualitative

Question 45

Indicate whether each of the following statements represents

-The volume of a container of gas decreases as the pressure in the container increases.

A) quantitative
B) qualitative

Question 46

Indicate whether each of the following statements represents

-A strip of magnesium ribbon is 1.24 centimeters in length.

A) quantitative
B) qualitative

Question 47

Indicate whether each of the following statements represents a fact, a scientific law, or a hypothesis.

-The volume of a sample of gas increased as its temperature increased.

A) fact
B) hypothesis
C) scientific law

Question 48

Indicate whether each of the following statements represents a fact, a scientific law, or a hypothesis.

-The reddish-brown gas occupied a volume of 25.9 liters.

A) fact
B) hypothesis
C) scientific law

Question 49

Indicate whether each of the following statements represents a fact, a scientific law, or a hypothesis.

-Giraffes grew long necks over time to reach food sources in the trees during dry weather.

A) fact
B) hypothesis
C) scientific law

Question 50

Indicate whether each of the following statements represents a fact, a scientific law, or a hypothesis.

-The wavelength of any source of light is inversely proportional to its frequency. ________

Question 51

Indicate whether each statement is a

-Smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health

A) fact
B) hypothesis
C) theory

Question 52

Indicate whether each statement is a

-The ocean water in Miami, FL contains more salt than water in Galveston, TX

A) fact
B) hypothesis
C) theory

Question 53

Indicate whether each statement is a

-A micrometer ( $\mu$ m) is larger than a nanometer (nm)

A) fact
B) hypothesis
C) theory

Question 54

Fill in the blanks:
-A shrewd but tentative initial explanation for a relatively small set of observations is best described as a ______________________________.

Question 55

Fill in the blanks:
-A ______________________________ is based on further experimental results that have either proven or disproven a set of initial observations.

Question 56

Explain the difference between science and technology.

Question 57

Identify whether each of the following statements is a theory, hypothesis, observation or law.

-My watch is no longer keeping correct time so my watch battery must be dead.

A) hypothesis
B) theory
C) law
D) observation

Question 58

Identify whether each of the following statements is a theory, hypothesis, observation or law.

-A candle burns more brightly in pure oxygen than in regular air.

A) hypothesis
B) theory
C) law
D) observation

Question 59

Identify whether each of the following statements is a theory, hypothesis, observation or law.

-A pure substance has a fixed, definite composition.

A) hypothesis
B) theory
C) law
D) observation

Question 60

Identify whether each of the following statements is a theory, hypothesis, observation or law.

-My brother wears green a lot.

A) hypothesis
B) theory
C) law
D) observation

Question 61

Explain the difference between:
-A hypothesis and a theory

Question 62

Explain the difference between:
-A theory and a law