Deck 11: Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Question 1

During middle childhood, children gain approximately __________ pounds per year.

A) 1 to 3
B) 5 to 7
C) 8 to 10
D) 11 to 13

Answer 1

5 to 7

Question 2

Artificial human growth hormones have been administered to promote growth in children for the last 20 years. What factor is inhibiting more widespread use of these drugs?

A) There is no way to stop the child's growth.
B) Height is not considered an advantage in the United States.
C) There are potentially dangerous side effects.
D) The only thing preventing more usage is availability of the drug.

Answer 2

There are potentially dangerous side effects.

Question 3

In the United States, __________ percent of children are obese.

A) 5.5
B) 12.5
C) 17.5
D) 24.5

Answer 3

17.5

Question 4

Over the past several weeks, Dee has been wheezing and coughing, even when she is not active. When she runs around on the playground during recess, the symptoms get worse, and she struggles to breathe. Dee may be suffering from __________.

A) anxiety
B) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
C) asthma
D) dyslexia

Question 5

During the middle childhood years, children begin to participate in organized sports activities. For a child to enjoy and continue playing sports, the goals for the child's playing sports should include __________.

A) being the best player
B) having fun
C) winning as many competitions as possible
D) having many hours of practice

Question 6

The most frequent source of injury to school-age children is __________.

A) fires and burns
B) automobile accidents
C) drowning
D) gun-related deaths

Question 7

Although there have always been threats to the health and safety of school-age children, many parents are most concerned about the safety of children in cyberspace. To make cyberspace visits safer, which of the following could be effective?

A) supervising computer use by keeping the computer in a public area instead of a bedroom
B) explaining that it is acceptable to meet in person children they have met online, even if a parent is not present
C) trusting children will make the right decisions
D) allowing children to use a tablet instead of a computer

Question 8

Connie has been struggling in school recently. She finds it difficult to pay attention to her teacher. During the school day, she fidgets in her seat and disrupts her classmates frequently. These symptoms suggest that Connie has __________.

A) sensory difficulties
B) childhood-onset fluency disorder
C) dyslexia
D) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Question 9

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between mainstreaming and full inclusion in terms of exceptional students?

A) Both mainstreaming and full inclusion involve integrating exceptional students in traditional classrooms.
B) Only full inclusion offers the exceptional student additional support.
C) Although both programs integrate exceptional students into the traditional classroom, in the full inclusion classroom all students, even those with severe disabilities, are completely integrated into the regular classroom.
D) Full inclusion teachers have extra aides to assist with exceptional students.

Question 10

Middle childhood is often referred to as the "school years" because it marks the beginning of formal education for most children. Middle childhood ranges from __________ years.

A) 2 to 7
B) 6 to 12
C) birth to 2
D) 5 to 8

Question 11

While they are in elementary school, children in the United States grow, on average, 2 to 3 inches per year. By the age of 11, the average height for girls is __________, and the average height for boys is slightly shorter at __________.

A) 3 feet, 5 inches; 4 feet, 5 inches
B) 3 feet, 10 inches; 4 feet, 10 inches
C) 4 feet, 9 inches; 4 feet, 10 inches
D) 4 feet, 10 inches; 4 feet, 9½ inches

Question 12

During middle childhood, both boys and girls gain around __________ pounds a year.

A) 2 to 5
B) 5 to 7
C) 6 to 9
D) 9 to 12

Question 13

Individual differences in height can be as much as __________ inches apart for children that are the same age.

A) 2 to 3
B) 6 to 7
C) 10 to 12
D) 12 to 15

Question 14

Starting at around the age of 6, the primary teeth fall out and are replaced by permanent teeth at the rate of about __________ per year.

A) two
B) four
C) six
D) eight

Question 15

In a research study conducted in Guatemalan villages, researchers found that children who had received more nutrients __________.

A) were less involved with their peers
B) showed more positive emotion
C) had more anxiety
D) had higher rates of obesity

Question 16

Children in poorer areas of cities such as Kolkata, Hong Kong, and Rio de Janeiro are smaller than their counterparts in affluent areas of the same cities. These differences in height are a reflection of __________.

A) genes and environment
B) heredity and diet
C) ethnicity and diet
D) nutrition and disease

Question 17

In the United States most variations in height and weight are the result of different people's __________.

A) genes
B) environment
C) diet
D) lifestyle

Question 18

Ten-year-old Marissa's worst fear is that she will become fat and nobody will want to be her friend. Like many girls her age, Marissa's concern over her weight borders on obsession. We can probably assume that Marissa, like __________ percent of her peers, has tried to lose weight.

A) 40
B) 60
C) 80
D) 90

Question 19

The percentage of U.S. children categorized as obese has __________ since the 1960s.

A) remained the same
B) doubled
C) tripled
D) quadrupled

Question 20

Adopted children tend to have weights that are more similar to those of their birth parents than those of their adoptive parents because __________.

A) the influence of environment is stronger than the influence of genes
B) the influence of heredity is stronger than the influence of environment
C) of the amount of nutrients in their diets
D) of their susceptibility to food cues found on television commercials

Question 21

The Bedouis have just adopted a baby from China. They can expect that their child's height and weight will be a reflection of the __________.

A) quality and quantity of diet and exercise they provide for their child
B) genes the child was born with and diet and exercise they provide for their child
C) environment in which the child is raised
D) environment they raise their child in but not the genes the child was born with

Question 22

From the ages of 6 to 18, boys decrease their physical activity by __________ percent, and girls decrease their physical activity by 36 percent.

A) 10
B) 14
C) 20
D) 24

Question 23

Eight-year-old Kevin spends much of his day at his desk at school. During his two 15-minute recess breaks, Kevin exchanges baseball cards with his friends. At home, he prefers sedentary activities like playing computer games and watching television over riding his bike or swimming. Kevin's lifestyle puts him at risk for __________.

A) obesity
B) asthma
C) allergies
D) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Question 24

Television viewing and obesity are highly correlated for which of the following reasons?

A) Television viewing is a sedentary activity.
B) Television viewing leads to lower levels of food intake.
C) Food commercials lead children to be overly concerned about body image.
D) Children watch exercise programs and then think they need no further exertion.

Question 25

Parents who are particularly controlling and directive regarding their children's eating may produce children who __________.

A) have a healthy attitude toward food
B) eat everything on their plates
C) lack internal controls to regulate their own food intake
D) maintain appropriate weight through diet and exercise

Question 26

Michelle's parents tell her not only which foods she should eat but also how much food to eat. When she says she has had enough to eat, they insist that she eat what is put on her plate. Michelle's controlling and directive parents are likely to cause her to __________.

A) have a healthy attitude toward food
B) learn to eat everything on her plate
C) always rely on her parents to tell her how much she should eat
D) maintain appropriate weight through diet and exercise

Question 27

The goal of treatment for childhood obesity is to __________.

A) temporarily maintain a child's current weight through diet and exercise
B) put the child on a strict weight loss regime
C) put the child and his or her family on a low-calorie diet without exercise
D) send the child to a camp that deals with overweight children

Question 28

Childhood obesity is treated by temporarily maintaining a child's current weight through an improved diet and increased exercise until the __________.

A) child can control his or her own eating
B) child's height comes in line with his or her weight
C) child loses weight and goes back to his or her previous eating habits
D) child learns the value of healthy eating and proper fitness

Question 29

To encourage fitness, parents should __________.

A) require children to exercise
B) be controlling about food choices
C) be an exercise role model
D) allow children to eat as much as they want

Question 30

Although middle childhood is a healthy period, more than __________ percent of children are likely to have at least one serious medical condition over this time period.

A) 10
B) 30
C) 60
D) 90

Question 31

Although most children have short-term illnesses, about __________ has a chronic, persistent condition, such as repeated migraine headaches.

A) one in three
B) one in five
C) one in seven
D) one in nine

Question 32

A chronic condition characterized by periodic attacks of wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath is called __________.

A) asthma
B) anxiety
C) ADHD
D) dyslexia

Question 33

Since the early 1980s, the total rate of asthma has __________.

A) stayed the same
B) decreased significantly
C) more than doubled
D) more than tripled

Question 34

Asthma attacks are triggered by a variety of factors. Among the most common are __________.

A) respiratory infections
B) lack of exercise
C) sleep
D) high-calorie foods

Question 35

Some researchers suggest that the increase in the number of children suffering from asthma over the last two decades is caused by __________.

A) a greater number of children getting better health care
B) more children receiving their immunizations
C) new, weatherproofed buildings
D) government mandates to reduce smog

Question 36

Which of the following disorders is characterized by a person cycling between unrealistic energy and depression?

A) bipolar disorder
B) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
C) anxiety disorder
D) major depressive disorder

Question 37

Between __________ and __________ percent of children living in the United States experience a psychological disorder in a given year.

A) 1; 5
B) 13; 20
C) 31; 35
D) 56; 61

Question 38

Although antidepressant drugs are prescribed to treat children with depression, the drugs __________.

A) have never worked to treat depression
B) are not safe for children under age 18
C) have never been approved by governmental regulators for use with children
D) are too expensive for most families to afford them

Question 39

Some experts have urged a complete ban on prescribing antidepressants to treat children and adolescents. What is their main concern?

A) Antidepressant drugs have severe, debilitating side effects.
B) Research shows that antidepressants do not work.
C) Antidepressants are not affordable for most families.
D) There is some evidence linking the use of antidepressants with an increased risk of suicide.

Question 40

Which of the following is an example of a gross motor skill?

A) drawing
B) writing
C) brushing teeth
D) jumping

Question 41

Luis can balance on one foot with his eyes closed and can walk on a balance beam without falling off. Luis is at least __________ years of age.

A) 3
B) 5
C) 7
D) 9

Question 42

At what age do children typically acquire the ability to skip?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8

Question 43

At approximately what age do boys first demonstrate an ability to jump vertically 10 inches?

A) 3
B) 5
C) 7
D) 9

Question 44

The American Academy of Pediatrics suggests that physical education classes for boys and girls should ___________.

A) be held separately at all times
B) be held separately for competitive games only
C) be held together for noncompetitive sports like square dancing
D) always be held together

Question 45

At what age can most children tie their own shoes?

A) 3
B) 5
C) 7
D) 9

Question 46

One reason for advances in fine motor skills is that __________.

A) children are motivated to learn new tasks
B) the neurons are continuing to myelinate
C) children are able to concentrate on complex, intricate tasks
D) children become increasingly aware of the value of work well done

Question 47

The link between physical competence and popularity is stronger for boys than for girls because ___________.

A) boys are better at sports than girls are
B) girls that play sports are considered bullies by their peers
C) societal standards differ for appropriate male and female behavior
D) boys seek out public admiration, whereas girls shy away from attention

Question 48

Research suggests that the link between physical competence and popularity __________.

A) diminishes in junior high school as students become interested in the opposite sex
B) diminishes in high school as students prepare for the college entrance exams
C) remains unchanged throughout life
D) increases in elementary and continues in secondary school and then starts to diminish

Question 49

One of the goals of participation in sports and other physical activities should be to __________.

A) learn to be competitive to survive in society
B) experience winning
C) compete with others
D) become comfortable with one's body

Question 50

The rate of injury for children increases during the elementary school years. Furthermore, boys are more apt to be injured than girls are because __________.

A) boys are clumsier than girls are
B) boys are more physically active than girls are
C) boys are told to participate in risky activities
D) girls are agile and avoid obstacles better than boys do

Question 51

Christopher and Cristina are fraternal twins. Which twin is more apt to be physically injured?

A) Christopher is more apt to be injured because males tend to be more physically active than females are.
B) Cristina is more apt to be injured because females are fragile.
C) Christopher is more apt to be injured because males are clumsy.
D) Cristina is more apt to be injured because females are more involved in organized sports.

Question 52

The most frequent source of injury to children is __________.

A) fires
B) drowning
C) automobile accidents
D) gun-related deaths

Question 53

Two ways to reduce motion-related injuries considerably are to __________.

A) sit in the back of a vehicle and to wear a helmet
B) sit in the front seat of a vehicle and to wear knee and elbow pads
C) sit as far back from the car airbags as possible and to wear shin guards
D) use a seat belt inside the car, use helmets when bike riding and knee and elbow pads when skateboarding and rollerblading

Question 54

What should children be taught about online interactions?

A) Always be honest.
B) Never send a picture of yourself.
C) Always ask for personal information from people you meet online.
D) Do not go online after dark.

Question 55

Which sign could indicate that a child is having eye problems?

A) using binoculars
B) continual blinking and facial contortions when reading
C) trying on other people's glasses as part of a play activity
D) reading in low light

Question 56

Lucien has been experiencing frequent headaches and dizziness. Also, when he reads for school, he holds his textbooks unusually close to his face. These are symptoms of __________.

A) anxiety
B) specific learning disorder
C) childhood-onset fluency disorder
D) visual impairments

Question 57

A(n) __________ impairment involves some aspect of hearing or the loss of hearing.

A) visual
B) auditory
C) motor
D) speech

Question 58

Hearing loss affects __________ to __________ percent of the school-age population.

A) 1; 2
B) 3; 4
C) 5; 6
D) 7; 8

Question 59

Kendall lost his hearing when he was just a year old due to viral meningitis. As a result, Kendall may have difficulty with __________.

A) abstract thinking
B) concrete thinking
C) semi-abstract thinking
D) communicating

Question 60

Speech impairments are present in about __________ to __________ percent of the school-age population.

A) 3; 5
B) 6; 8
C) 9; 11
D) 12; 14

Question 61

What is the underlying cause of stuttering?

A) The child experiences stress when speaking in public.
B) The child's thinking is not able to keep pace with speech production.
C) No single cause has been identified.
D) The child becomes excited and is in a hurry to communicate.

Question 62

Although the underlying cause of __________ is not known, some experts believe that they are caused by poor early nutrition and allergies.

A) auditory impairments
B) specific learning disorders
C) childhood-onset fluency disorder
D) visual impairments

Question 63

For the past several months, Monique has been frustrated at school. Although she does well in math and science, she is falling behind her peers in reading comprehension and writing. During a recent parent-teacher conference, Monique's teacher mentioned that Monique might have __________, which is causing the difficulties.

A) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
B) a specific learning disorder
C) childhood-onset fluency disorder
D) a visual impairment

Question 64

Dyslexia is an example of a(n) __________.

A) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
B) specific learning disorder
C) childhood-onset fluency disorder
D) anxiety disorder

Question 65

Dyslexia is characterized by difficulty with __________.

A) math
B) science
C) speech
D) reading

Question 66

Hunter, a 6-year-old boy, is having great difficulty learning to read. Although his vision is 20/20, he often misperceives letters and struggles to sound them out. Hunter may be suffering from __________.

A) stuttering
B) dyslexia
C) childhood-onset fluency disorder
D) a anxiety

Question 67

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is marked by __________.

A) attention, impulsiveness, and a high tolerance for frustration
B) inattention, impulsiveness, and a low tolerance for frustration
C) inattention, impulsiveness, and a high tolerance for frustration
D) attention, impulsiveness, and a low tolerance for frustration

Question 68

One of the most common symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is __________.

A) persistent difficulty completing tasks
B) meticulous organization of objects
C) becoming very engaged in puzzles for prolonged periods of time
D) total absorption in television programs

Question 69

Trey has difficulty remaining seated and cannot watch more than 20 minutes of television in one sitting. Furthermore, his parents have noticed that he tends to fidget and squirm quite often. These symptoms suggest that Trey has __________.

A) bipolar disorder
B) childhood depressive disorder
C) childhood-onset fluency disorder
D) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Question 70

Which of the following is a drug prescribed to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder?

A) Ritalin
B) Prozac
C) Zoloft
D) Paxil

Question 71

At least __________ million children in the United States are taking medication to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

A) 1.5
B) 3.5
C) 7.5
D) 10.5

Question 72

Research on the benefits of drugs to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has revealed that medication produces __________.

A) short-term benefits for girls but not for boys
B) short-term benefits for boys but not for girls
C) long-term benefits but not short-term benefits
D) short-term benefits but not long-term benefits

Question 73

The integration of all students, even those with the most severe disabilities, into regular classes as well as every other aspect of school (and community) life is known as ___________.

A) the least restrictive environment
B) mainstreaming
C) full inclusion
D) special needs classrooms

Question 74

Martha has profound intellectual disability and is in a wheelchair. Martha attends a fully integrated regular classroom. This approach is known as __________.

A) the least restrictive environment
B) mainstreamed education
C) full inclusion
D) full education

Question 75

The least restrictive environment is __________.

A) the setting most similar to that of children without special needs
B) an educational approach in which exceptional children are integrated as much as possible into the traditional educational system and are provided with a broad range of educational alternatives
C) the integration of all students, even those with the most severe disabilities, into regular classes and all other aspects of school and community life
D) a setting in which exceptional children are taught in a separate classroom by a special-needs teacher

Question 76

Provide an overview of typical physical development during middle childhood.

Question 77

What is the effect of nutrition on overall functioning during middle childhood?

Question 78

What strategies would you advise to increase the activity level of children?

Question 79

What are some possible explanations for the increase in asthma cases today?

Question 80

Describe the possible social benefits of physical competence during middle childhood.