Deck 3: Physical Changes Associated with Aging

Question 1

Proponents of calorie restriction suggest eating what percent fewer calories than recommended can increase longevity and lower the risk for cancer and other diseases?

A) 15 to 20%
B) 20 to 25%
C) 25 to 30%
D) 30 to 35%

Answer 1

30 to 35%

Question 2

Which of the following would a 70-year-old woman with presbyphonia have in comparison to when she was 40 years old?

A) a lower pitched voice
B) a higher pitched voice
C) worse perception of high frequency tones
D) worse perception of lower frequency tones

Answer 2

a lower pitched voice

Question 3

Most presbycusis is caused by damage to which of the following?

A) lens
B) cochlea
C) eardrum
D) retina

Answer 3

cochlea

Question 4

Margot is 80 years old and her skin looks much different than it did when she was 40 years old. She has brown patches, deep wrinkles, reduced elasticity, and her skin is very thin. Which aspects of her skin changes are due to extrinsic aging?

A) brown patches and deep wrinkles
B) deep wrinkles and reduced elasticity
C) reduced elasticity and thin skin
D) thin skin and brown patches

Question 5

What is presbyopia?

A) male pattern baldness
B) age-related loss of elasticity in the eye lens
C) thickening of the skin
D) age-related hearing loss

Question 6

Which of the following results from intrinsic aging of the skin?

A) thickening of the skin
B) actinic keratosis
C) wrinkles
D) reduced elasticity

Question 7

Simone's doctor told her that she has abnormal blood vessels growing behind her retina. What condition are these abnormal blood vessels a symptom of?

A) wet age-related macular degeneration
B) cataracts
C) presbyopia
D) glaucoma

Question 8

Mei-Ling is an Asian Canadian and has just started to notice grey hair around her temples. Mei-Ling is MOST likely around what age?

A) 25 years old
B) 35 years old
C) 45 years old
D) 55 years old

Question 9

Gerald is 75 years old and his hearing is failing. Gerald's hearing loss is MOST likely the result of which type of aging?

A) primary aging
B) secondary aging
C) tertiary aging
D) extrinsic aging

Question 10

Dr. Otto believes that aging is dependent on a biological clock. Which type of theory of aging does Dr. Otto support?

A) a programmed theory of aging
B) a cellular theory of aging
C) an error theory of aging
D) a free radical theory of aging

Question 11

Martin has age-related hearing loss (ARHL). Which of the following spoken words will he have the MOST trouble understanding?

A) can
B) soft
C) bull
D) red

Question 12

Which of the following is MOST closely associated with error theories of aging?

A) telomeres
B) the Hayflick limit
C) free radicals
D) the biological clock

Question 13

Androgenetic alopecia is another term for which of the following?

A) age spots
B) age-related hair loss
C) age-related voice changes
D) age-related vision loss

Question 14

Which of the following describes the proposition in the Hayflick limit?

A) aging is genetically programmed to occur with the passage of time
B) cells can divide only a finite number of times
C) cells can tolerate only a certain amount of environmental damage before they die
D) restricting the number of calories consumed can reduce the harmful effects of aging

Question 15

What is currently the MOST common type of cancer?

A) breast cancer
B) liver cancer
C) skin cancer
D) colon cancer

Question 16

Which of the following is MOST closely associated with cognitive decline and dementia?

A) age-related macular degeneration
B) glaucoma
C) conductive hearing loss
D) age-related hearing loss

Question 17

Dr. Rutherford is researching predictors of death. He has found that people with which condition are three times more likely to die than those who do not have the condition?

A) age-related macular degeneration
B) age-related hearing loss
C) anosmia
D) glaucoma

Question 18

Hassan is a 72-year-old man who has become depressed and socially withdrawn over the past ten years. Which of the following is MOST likely to be related to Hassan's depression and social withdrawal?

A) androgenetic alopecia
B) presbycusis
C) presbyphonia
D) presbyopia

Question 19

Anna is 70 years old. She has recently developed Type 2 diabetes as a result of her diet and low levels of physical activity. Developing Type 2 diabetes in this way exemplifies which type of aging?

A) primary aging
B) secondary aging
C) tertiary aging
D) intrinsic aging

Question 20

Problems seeing in dim light and difficulty with dark adaptation as a person ages are the result of changes to which part of the eye?

A) retina
B) pupil
C) cornea
D) fovea

Question 21

Alice is 74 years old. Which sleep disorder is she MOST likely to experience?

A) sleep apnea
B) narcolepsy
C) sleep walking
D) insomnia

Question 22

People might be helped to better adapt to hearing aids with a training program that improves processing in which of the following areas?

A) Wernicke's area
B) Broca's area
C) the prefrontal cortex
D) the association cortex

Question 23

Which of the following is associated with intrinsic cutaneous aging?

A) melanin
B) collagen
C) insulin
D) melanoma

Question 24

Which of the following is MOST closely linked to immunological memory?

A) the adaptive immune system and vaccinations
B) vaccinations and the innate immune system
C) the innate immune system and nosocomial infections
D) nosocomial infections and the adaptive immune system

Question 25

Judith has a wound on her foot that will not heal. She cannot walk or drive a car because of the wound and she is feeling socially isolated. Judith's condition is MOST likely a complication from which of the following?

A) arteriosclerosis
B) osteoarthritis
C) diabetes
D) diverticulitis

Question 26

Ruth is 80 years old and thought the bath water felt fine, but when she got out of the tub she was bright red and burned in some places. Ruth misjudged the water's temperature because which of the following declines with age?

A) proprioception
B) presbyopia
C) presbycusis
D) presbyphonia

Question 27

What proportion of people with arthritis are younger than 65 years old?

A) 1/4
B) 1/3
C) 3/5
D) 3/4

Question 28

Loss of balance and slurred speech are both symptoms of which of the following?

A) arteriosclerosis
B) coronary artery disease
C) peripheral vascular disease
D) stroke

Question 29

Which part of the body is linked to presbyphonia?

A) cochlea
B) eardrum
C) larynx
D) retina

Question 30

By the time Ulric turns 80 how much of the muscle that he had in his youth will he have lost?

A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 70%

Question 31

Naomi has Type 2 diabetes. What does this mean about insulin in relation to Naomi's body?

A) her body does not produce enough insulin
B) her body produces too much insulin
C) her body does not recognize and utilize insulin properly
D) her body uses more insulin than it should

Question 32

Which of the following BEST describes the findings of researchers studying insomnia and aging?

A) they consistently find that people over age 65 experience insomnia more frequently than other age groups
B) they consistently find that people over age 65 experience insomnia less frequently than other age groups
C) they consistently find that the rates of insomnia for people over age 65 are similar to other age groups
D) they sometimes find that people over age 65 have lower rates of insomnia than those under age 50

Question 33

Osteoporosis can be prevented by consuming which of the following?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B₁₂
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D

Question 34

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in women has been shown to prevent which of the following?

A) fractures
B) breast cancer
C) cardiovascular disease
D) diabetes

Question 35

Which of the following is being affected for Farah as a result of her lens yellowing with age?

A) dark adaptation
B) ability to read small print
C) ability to see in bright light
D) colour perception

Question 36

Harold has dry age-related macular degeneration, which means that he is experiencing which of the following?

A) a thinning macula
B) a bulging macula
C) opacification of the lens
D) intraocular pressure

Question 37

Chang complains to his doctor that his fingers are stiff and his knuckles are swollen. What is Chang's doctor's MOST likely diagnosis?

A) osteoarthritis
B) rheumatoid arthritis
C) osteoporosis
D) diabetes

Question 38

Which of the following has been found to lessen age-related reductions in muscle mass?

A) aerobic exercise
B) high protein diets
C) caloric restriction
D) low sugar diets

Question 39

Marg is 77 years old and is experiencing extreme abdominal pain and fever. Which of the following is MOST likely the cause of her symptoms?

A) stroke
B) arteriosclerosis
C) diverticulitis
D) diabetes

Question 40

What is the term for the type of urinary incontinence Sandy experiences when she coughs or sneezes?

A) transient incontinence
B) stress urinary incontinence
C) urge incontinence
D) overflow incontinence

Question 41

Compare and contrast primary aging and secondary aging. Provide several examples of each type of aging.

Question 42

Discuss changes in cardiovascular health with age and identify at least four unmodifiable and four modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Describe the change in the rate of death due to cardiovascular disease over the past 60 years and identify reasons for this change.

Question 43

Briefly describe how vision, hearing, taste and smell, and touch change with age, and identify one risk associated with each of the changes and one way to mitigate each risk.

Question 44

Identify two effects of normal aging that can lead to social isolation and identify interventions that could help these socially isolated individuals be more comfortable in social situations.

Question 45

Discuss intrinsic and extrinsic causes of cutaneous aging. Identify ways that intrinsic and extrinsic cutaneous aging can be reduced.