Deck 2: Aging in Other Countries and Across Cultures in the United States

Question 1

Values of filial piety and ancestor worship in Japan are based on:

A) Confucian values.
B) Judeo-Christian values.
C) Muslim values.
D) Buddhist values.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Singapore is preparing for its aging population by:

A) building long-term care facilities.
B) encouraging self-sufficiency.
C) lowering the mandatory retirement age to 60.
D) passing legislation to mandate filial piety.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Societies in advanced stages of modernization may become more aware of the older population's devalued status through:

A) religious organizations.
B) politicians.
C) advertising and television.
D) peer pressure.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following countries has the highest proportion of older adults?

A) Sweden
B) Greece
C) Italy
D) Japan

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the care of older persons in Japan is true?

A) Demand for nursing homes, especially in Japan's big cities, is low.
B) Japanese families assume no more responsibility for their older relatives than do Western families.
C) The proportion of older couples living with adult children has declined since 1985.
D) The old are such a small proportion of the Japanese population that their care is not a significant problem.

Question 6

Which stages are part of the four-stage life cycle for high-caste men in traditional Hindu law?

A) student, householder, sage, mendicant
B) student, merchant, ascetic, mendicant
C) student, householder, ascetic, mendicant
D) teacher, householder, ascetic, mendicant

Question 7

According to modernization theory, which of the following statements is not true?

A) Cultural values can mitigate the negative effects of modernization.
B) Social changes that accompany modernization cause younger and older generations to become increasingly separated.
C) Urbanization has improved the status of older adults.
D) Both A and B.

Question 8

Which is not a reason for the growth of the old-old in developing countries?

A) immunization
B) medical care
C) increasing birth rates
D) improved nutrition

Question 9

Among the following characteristics, which is the least important one for enhancing older people's status?

A) knowledge of traditional skills
B) chronological age
C) information control
D) their social contributions

Question 10

According to social exchange theory,:

A) as society becomes more modernized, older people lose respect.
B) most societies have a sense of reverence and deference toward elders.
C) it is possible to achieve a balance between costs and contributions made by older adults and the extent of power and respect they command.
D) none of the above.

Question 11

The rectangularization of a population structure is due, in part, by:

A) low birth rate.
B) high birth rate.
C) decreased life expectancy.
D) both A and C.

Question 12

The diverse cultures around the world illustrate that:

A) there is a general need to achieve balance between elders' contributions to society and costs of supporting them.
B) population aging is occurring at the same rate in developing and developed countries.
C) there is a movement from low fertility urban societies to higher fertility rural societies.
D) families no longer play a major role in supporting their elderly members.

Question 13

The major premise of modernization theory is that with modernization:

A) older people's status increases in most societies
B) there are more opportunities for intergenerational interaction
C) older people experience a higher quality of life
D) older people often lose political and social power

Question 14

In relation to modernization, occupation and education,:

A) have a reversed J-shaped relation.
B) show an increase, but later decline.
C) suggest that after initial stages of modernization, status differences between generations widen.
D) suggest that after initial stages of modernization, the status of older people falls.

Question 15

According to modernization theory, scientific technology:

A) creates new jobs primarily for the young.
B) increases infant mortality and maternal deaths.
C) reduces the need for literacy and education.
D) increases the number of new jobs for older adults.

Question 16

Which is true of role changes and suicide among older adults?

A) Generally, Japanese women aged 75 and older have lower suicide rates than their counterparts in English speaking countries.
B) In the U.S., suicide rates increase for the 65 and older group when compared to the 40 -50 age group.
C) Suicide rates of older women do not differ by country.
D) Asian men aged 75 and older have higher suicide rates than any other age group of Asian men.

Question 17

Which country sponsors events such as "Respect for Elders Day" to promote family-based caregiving?

A) Japan
B) Korea
C) Singapore
D) Thailand

Question 18

Countries that do not favor allowing the immigration of young workers support the following solution(s) to labor shortage:

A) persuade part time workers to become full time.
B) encourage women to enter the workforce.
C) raise the birthrate.
D) all of the above.

Question 19

Which of the following factors is most important in mitigating the impact of modernization on older people?

A) expectations of continued financial support by parents
B) cultural values of respect toward elders
C) continued participation of elders in the workforce
D) strong national welfare systems

Question 20

Characteristics of modernization that contribute to the decline of older adults' status in traditional societies include:

A) literacy.
B) health technology.
C) employment status.
D) both A and B.

Question 21

The majority of middle aged people in Japan believe that care of older parents is the childrens' responsibility.

Question 22

Despite increased financial demand on the nuclear family, traditional values of reciprocity have led Japan to continue the pattern of retired elders moving in with the oldest son and his family.

Question 23

Older immigrants to the U.S. are:

A) less likely to be educated.
B) less likely to receive government benefits.
C) less likely to live in poverty.
D) more likely to use health services.

Question 24

The majority of China's older population lives in rural areas.

Question 25

Older women in China are more functionally and economically disadvantaged than older Chinese men.

Question 26

In which country do older adults over age 70 receive free basic medical services?

A) Japan
B) the United States
C) the United Kingdom
D) China

Question 27

In 2005, the highest rates of employment of foreign-born women in direct care jobs was among Latinas.

Question 28

Causes for the decline in the percentage of parents living with children in Japanese culture include:

A) industrialization.
B) urbanization.
C) increasing number of children since 1950.
D) both A and B.

Question 29

Modernization Theory is one of the most prominent explanations of the declining status of the old in our society.

Question 30

The primary caregivers of Japanese elders are:

A) middle-aged women.
B) their grandchildren.
C) middle-aged males.
D) younger adult women.

Question 31

According to Cowgill's modernization theory, the application of health technology includes all of the following except:

A) reduced infant mortality.
B) reduced maternal death.
C) prolonged adult life.
D) decreased the number of older persons.

Question 32

Elderly Japanese immigrants are more likely to live independently than elderly Mexican immigrants.

Question 33

Comparative sociocultural gerontology has been useful in determining aspects of aging that are universal, versus aspects of aging that are shaped by culture.

Question 34

Japan has the highest absolute number of older adults.

Question 35

The U.S. state with the largest number of non-citizen immigrants is Texas.

Question 36

In the next 30 years, Mexico will have a higher growth rate in their older population than will the U.S.

Question 37

The poverty rate for older non-citizens is approximately twice that of older U.S. citizens.

Question 38

Elders' immigration for the sake of their children can disrupt their psychological well-being.

Question 39

Retired husband syndrome describes a condition where newly retired men experience stress-related psychosomatic symptoms.

Question 40

The majority of older immigrants to the U.S. follow their adult children.

Question 41

Discuss "retired husband syndrome."

Question 42

Discuss the effects of culture and modernization in Japan.

Question 43

Define skipped generation households and discuss study findings about older Chinese adults living in three generation households vs. those living in skipped generation households.

Question 44

The increase in older adults and low birth rate in China have contributed to the population structure taking on a ________ shape.

Question 45

Modernization theory has been advanced primarily by ________.

Question 46

__________ is a sense of reverence and deference toward elders.

Question 47

Explain Japan's aging crisis.

Question 48

Thoroughly discuss Cowgill's Modernization Theory.

Question 49

A study of _________, where grandparents care for grandchildren, show that these elders have greater life satisfaction and less depression than those in single generation households.

Question 50

________ values of filial piety and ancestor worship have helped maintain older persons' relatively high status in Japanese society.