Deck 5: The Counseling Process

Question 1

Counseling occurs over a series of stages that includes information gathering, application of Theory, __________, and termination.

A) treatment and assessment
B) establishing rapport
C) creating a warm environment
D) professionalism

Answer 1

treatment and assessment

Question 2

__________ is the central instrument to the counseling process.

A) The client
B) The professional counselor
C) Rapport
D) Being kind

Answer 2

The professional counselor

Question 3

The professional counselor is made up of specific counselor characteristics, cross-cultural counseling skills,

A) an active placebo, and a basic counselor paradigm.
B) trust, and honesty.
C) charisma, and an active placebo.
D) a basic counselor paradigm, and professionalism.

Answer 3

an active placebo, and a basic counselor paradigm.

Question 4

The professional counselor's dress, manner, setting, style of helping, and how that fits with client expectations refers to

A) the basic counseling paradigm.
B) the active placebo.
C) professionalism.
D) counselor characteristics.

Question 5

Pedersen stated that clients enter treatment with "a thousand voices." This implies that

A) clients possess a great number of characteristics that are active in the counseling process.
B) clients have a number of voices active in their consciousness as they enter the counseling relationship.
C) often clients enter treatment after making a number of attempts to solve their issues without success.
D) All of the above.

Question 6

The manner in which we can understand the various forms of the human condition refers to

A) the art of helping.
B) empathy.
C) a basic counseling paradigm.
D) cross cultural counseling competence.

Question 7

Hackney and Cormier stated that professional counselors work within the role of

A) intervention
B) human growth and development
C) relationship
D) theory

Question 8

According to Kottler, the professional counselor's ability to be in touch with their passion and desire to be in a relationship with another human being comes from

A) the art of helping others.
B) the science of helping.
C) relational competence.
D) empathy.

Question 9

What word sums up what brings clients to counseling?

A) Addiction
B) Coercion
C) Family
D) Life

Question 10

Many professional counselors would argue that receiving counseling is a prerequisite for providing counseling because it

A) helps improve the art of helping.
B) helps counselors to empathize with the client role.
C) increases relational competence.
D) None of the above.

Question 11

Techniques and interventions are how professional counselors counsel, but __________ drives the choices made by the counselor.

A) theoretical orientation
B) structure
C) treatment efficacy
D) None of the above.

Question 12

A crucial element to the practical business of counseling is the

A) client's previous counseling experience.
B) family background.
C) frequency and duration of sessions.
D) client's financial ability to pay for sessions.

Question 13

A __________ typically emerges from a client's intake or psychosocial history.

A) treatment plan
B) positive counseling outcome
C) level of understanding
D) level of resistance

Question 14

Clients may develop new and significant problems as they anticipate the end of a counseling relationship. This is an example of

A) termination.
B) resistance.
C) attachment.
D) termination anxiety.

Question 15

To minimize __________, it is suggested that professional counselors be flexible with their interaction style and meet the client at their level.

A) resistance
B) termination
C) misunderstandings
D) verbal conflict

Question 16

__________ refers to the fact that counselor and client expectations play a major role in the counseling process.

A) Instillation of hope
B) Active placebo
C) Essential counselor characteristics
D) The art of helping

Question 17

The science of helping depends upon professional counselors becoming users of

A) theory in practice.
B) accountability measures.
C) research findings that address assessment and treatment techniques.
D) All of the above.

Question 18

__________, or the ability to establish and maintain the helping relationship, is integral to counseling.

A) Cultural competence
B) Active listening
C) Charisma
D) Relational competence

Question 19

During the __________ phase, the process of counseling is defined and a plan for working together is formed.

A) initial
B) working
C) termination
D) screening

Question 20

__________ is included in informed consent.

A) Fee information
B) Confidentiality and its limits
C) Rights and responsibilities of clients
D) All of the above.

Question 21

Sharfstein recognized that people with serious mental health issues can be assisted through

A) rigorous psychotherapy.
B) long-term rehabilitation.
C) the power of relationships.
D) psychotic medication.

Question 22

The professional counselor's __________ are present in interactions with the public.

A) style of helping
B) manner
C) setting
D) All of the above.

Question 23

__________ refers to counselors' intentional synthesis of several theories to produce more meaningful client outcomes.

A) Moral orientation
B) Counselor self-awareness
C) Theoretical integration
D) Theoretical eclecticism

Question 24

Integrative approaches involve

A) the counselor being a technical expert.
B) employing flexibility and the "it depends" mentality.
C) eclecticism.
D) None of the above.

Question 25

Theory comprehension is significant to the professional counselor because

A) scientists are able to hypothesize.
B) counselors can conceptualize and seek action plans.
C) theory is not abstract.
D) All of the above.

Question 26

In ethical and professional counseling the term self-awareness involves

A) self-reflection.
B) strengthening theoretical orientation.
C) Both of the above.
D) None of the above.

Question 27

What are common factors in theories?

A) Characteristics unique to paradigms.
B) Elements that appear in most if not all theories.
C) Characteristics unique to a given theory.
D) Elements of theories that are used in other disciplines.

Question 28

__________ is the successful counseling outcome proposed by classical psychoanalytic theory.

A) Transference
B) Self-actualization
C) Free association
D) Insight

Question 29

Psychoanalytical theorist Carl Jung asserted that the overall persona and behavior we each display to the world is an action of our

A) id.
B) superego.
C) animus.
D) collective unconscious.

Question 30

The five stages of change include all of the following EXCEPT

A) maintenance.
B) action.
C) contemplation.
D) proposal.

Question 31

As professional counselors, our goal is to

A) create an environment conducive to client change.
B) master all theories and find our own basic counseling paradigm.
C) form an eclectic style of counseling.
D) increase the functioning of society as a whole.

Question 32

The combination of external physical conditions and counselor characteristics that affect the growth and development of our clients is also referred to as

A) the counseling process.
B) the counseling relationship.
C) the therapeutic factors.
D) the counseling environment.

Question 33

Within the counseling theory, the concept of __________ is always present.

A) the best counseling paradigm
B) eclecticism
C) empathy
D) structure

Question 34

__________ ensures that clients are aware of and understand their rights and responsibilities within the counseling relationship.

A) Structure
B) Informed consent
C) Confidentiality
D) Empathy

Question 35

A(n) intake interview includes a

A) medical history.
B) general overview for the reason for seeking counseling.
C) assessment of level of education.
D) All of the above.

Question 36

__________ is a matter of truly understanding the maladaptive nature of the human condition and applying theories and techniques to assist clients to re-engage their lives in an adaptive way.

A) Treatment efficacy
B) Positive counseling
C) Resistance
D) Role confusion

Question 37

Which of the following is a facet of positive counseling outcomes (PCO)?

A) Clients leave the counseling relationship better able to address the issues that brought them into counseling.
B) Clients have gained increased insight into their lives and the ways their lives provoke adaptive or maladaptive coping abilities.
C) Clients have developed a plan that involves their knowledge of their cues for relapse.
D) All of the above.

Question 38

Resistance

A) often negatively affects the counseling relationship and progress.
B) is only seen in clients who are involuntarily sent to counseling.
C) is expected to some degree in all client-counselor relationships.
D) is explicit and consistent.

Question 39

Counselor behaviors that may increase client resistance include

A) solving problems prematurely.
B) giving advice.
C) relying on questions as the basis of the counseling relationship.
D) All of the above.

Question 40

__________ is NOT one of the counselor characteristics described by Kottler.

A) Spiritual
B) Inspirational
C) Charismatic
D) Self-disciplined

Question 41

Relational competence is

A) the knowledge of a variety of relationships that may exist among clients and significant others in their lives.
B) the ability to make connections among significant people in the client's past and present condition.
C) the ability to establish and maintain the helping relationship.
D) All of the above.

Question 42

Beginning counselors may enter counseling programs because they

A) believe themselves to be good listeners.
B) believe they have good advice to offer others.
C) have been caregivers and nurturers most of their lives.
D) All of the above.

Question 43

All of the following characteristics are qualities of effective counselors EXCEPT:

A) flexibility.
B) self-awareness.
C) discomfort with difficult material.
D) empathic and accepting.

Question 44

A major difference between novice counselors and more advanced counselors is that

A) advanced counselors can use intuition and experience when conceptualizing issues.
B) novice counselors can more easily digest vast amounts of information.
C) advanced counselors struggle with the ambiguity of sessions.
D) All of the above.

Question 45

All of the following are essential counselor characteristics EXCEPT:

A) inspirational
B) critical
C) sincere
D) confident

Question 46

The stages of change, in ascending order, are

A) pre-contemplation, contemplation, action, preparation, maintenance.
B) preparation, pre-contemplation, contemplation, maintenance, action.
C) pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance.
D) None of the above.

Question 47

Considering the stages of change model, clients are actively considering making changes to maladaptive behaviors in the _________ stage.

A) maintenance
B) preparation
C) contemplation
D) pre-contemplation

Question 48

Considering the stages of change model, clients take real steps toward making change in the _________ stage.

A) action
B) preparation
C) maintenance
D) contemplation

Question 49

Considering the stages of change model, clients are not yet considering change in the _________ stage.

A) maintenance
B) preparation
C) contemplation
D) pre-contemplation

Question 50

Considering helping as a science, all professional counselors should use _______ to make practice-based decisions.

A) intuition
B) scientific methodology
C) word-of-mouth
D) None of the above

Question 51

________ is a practical research approach intended to collect information, address a specific problem, and generate solutions.

A) Meta-analysis
B) Action research
C) Observation
D) Professional development

Question 52

All of the following are true regarding action research EXCEPT

A) it is a form of research often used in counseling settings.
B) it informs best-practice decisions for counselors.
C) it is responsive to a particular need or situation.
D) it is not an appropriate research method for school settings.

Question 53

The ________ refers to the combination of external physical conditions and counselor characteristics that affect the growth and development of clients.

A) relational competence
B) stages of change
C) counseling environment
D) treatment efficacy

Question 54

Thirty percent of therapeutic outcome is associated with the

A) treatment techniques.
B) theoretical orientation.
C) therapeutic relationship.
D) counseling office.

Question 55

During an intake interview, the counselor may gather information about the client regarding

A) basic demographic information.
B) family background.
C) medical history.
D) All of the above.

Question 56

Positive counseling outcomes (PCO)

A) is not related to treatment efficacy.
B) indicates that all of the client's presenting issues have been resolved.
C) describes how well the client has responded to treatment or developed coping strategies.
D) All of the above.

Question 57

When clients show resistance to certain topics, the counselor should

A) fully avoid the topics to be respectful of the client.
B) address the topics sensitively and patiently.
C) give advice regarding how to solve the problem.
D) remain firm in their interaction style to help the client overcome their resistance.

Question 58

To facilitate the termination stage in the most helpful manner possible, the counselor can

A) attend to the client's needs.
B) establish follow-up appointments.
C) review the client's progress and celebrate their successes.
D) All of the above.

Question 59

___________ such as inspirational, charismatic, sincere, and nurturing, are essential to motivate and connect with clients.

A) Counselor characteristics
B) Counselor competencies
C) Therapeutic goals
D) None of the above

Question 60

Informed consent typically includes

A) confidentiality and its limits.
B) fees and payment information.
C) frequency and duration of sessions.
D) All of the above.

Question 61

Describe at least three qualities of effective counselors.

Question 62

What are some common issues beginning counselors may face?

Question 63

Define Kottler's notion of the "active placebo."

Question 64

Identify at least three of Kottler's essential counselor characteristics.

Question 65

Describe what is meant by the "art of helping" and the "science of helping."

Question 66

Explain the term scientist-practitioner.

Question 67

What is action research, and how can it be helpful for professional counselors?

Question 68

Briefly describe the stages of counseling.

Question 69

What are some of the barriers potential clients encounter when seeking counseling?

Question 70

Why is the counseling environment important to the counseling process?

Question 71

Discuss the role of self-disclosure in the counseling process. How does the counseling relationship differ from other relationships?

Question 72

How do professional counselors employ empathy in their work with clients?

Question 73

Describe how counselors can create a climate for change for their clients.

Question 74

What is informed consent, and what is typically included in informed consent documents?

Question 75

Discuss the concept of confidentiality and provide at least one example of an exception to confidentiality.

Question 76

What are some of the challenges of termination?

Question 77

How does resistance manifest in the client-counselor relationship, and how can professional counselors address resistance effectively?

Question 78

Explain the basic counseling paradigm and the debate surrounding its development.

Question 79

Resistance is to be expected, but it may also be culture-bound. Provide at least two examples to support this statement.

Question 80

Provide a few examples of termination anxiety.