Deck 10: Human Development Throughout the Life Span

Question 1

During the first 24 months of life, known as __________, all areas of development occur at an astonishing pace.

A) infancy
B) toddlerhood
C) early childhood
D) early adulthood

Answer 1

infancy

Question 2

__________ is the most dramatic and observable change in an infant's first year of life.

A) Cooing
B) Object permanence
C) Motor development
D) Anxiety

Answer 2

Motor development

Question 3

African Americans exhibit more __________ development than White Americans.

A) deficiencies in motor
B) accelerated motor
C) deficiencies in emotional
D) accelerated emotional

Answer 3

accelerated motor

Question 4

Infants and toddlers can distinguish feelings of

A) joy and pleasure.
B) weakness and fear.
C) rage and anger.
D) All of the above.

Question 5

Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory is based on the premise that children construct their knowledge

A) through their own activity.
B) by using their surroundings as models.
C) by the teachings of their parents and other role models.
D) by making mistakes and finding alternative methods of solving the same problem.

Question 6

In early childhood, children __________, so they tend to express feelings directly through action.

A) are spontaneous
B) are egocentric
C) lack the ability to accurately verbalize feelings
D) actively use nonverbal communication

Question 7

The tendency to focus on one aspect of a situation rather than a broader one is called

A) egocentrism.
B) centration.
C) specification.
D) closed-mindedness.

Question 8

Friendships during middle childhood serve all of the following functions EXCEPT teaching

A) cooperation and compromising.
B) negotiation.
C) the difference between friends and family.
D) roles as leaders and followers.

Question 9

During middle childhood, children generally choose friends who are of the same

A) age.
B) gender.
C) ethnicity.
D) All of the above.

Question 10

A major difference between early childhood and middle childhood in regard to friends is

A) egocentrism in early childhood contributed to children being more independent.
B) during early childhood, children depend more on friends than in middle childhood.
C) that it is easier for children to make friends during early childhood.
D) during middle childhood, fear and anxiety prevent children from depending on friends.

Question 11

Concrete operational thinkers are able to understand

A) others' emotions.
B) logical operations.
C) simultaneous rationality.
D) All of the above.

Question 12

During middle childhood, children often have problems with

A) social interaction.
B) logical operations.
C) abstract concepts.
D) concrete operational thinking.

Question 13

The first few years of puberty can be difficult due to

A) rapid physical changes.
B) cognitive maturation.
C) emotional maturation.
D) All of the above.

Question 14

Adolescents become __________ because they do not accept others' opinions without questioning them.

A) better arguers
B) better researchers
C) more informed
D) more aware of their surroundings

Question 15

A compounding factor in adolescents' emotional development is

A) depression.
B) anxiety.
C) confusion.
D) emotional complexity.

Question 16

Late adolescence is characterized by

A) decreased peer interaction.
B) increased anxiety about the future.
C) decreased uncertainty about the future.
D) an increase in the number of peer relationships.

Question 17

__________ is NOT one of Newman & Newman's (2014) key processes of helping older adults cope with loss?

A) Selection
B) Optimism
C) Optimization
D) Compensation

Question 18

Reassessment of one's life structure is very likely during the stage of

A) early adulthood.
B) middle adulthood.
C) later adulthood.
D) None of the above.

Question 19

During middle adulthood, adults are more concerned with __________ than advancement or recognition.

A) policies
B) working conditions
C) pay
D) All of the above.

Question 20

Generativity refers to

A) contributions to the future made by those in middle adulthood.
B) compiling goals for future generations.
C) the lack of growth that occurs during middle adulthood.
D) a sense of accomplishment felt during late adulthood.

Question 21

Older adults face

A) accepting life and achieving satisfaction.
B) establishing new goals and challenges.
C) Both of the above.
D) None of the above.

Question 22

Death, retirement, and the birth of new children all create changes in

A) attitudes.
B) stages of life.
C) roles.
D) All of the above.

Question 23

Older adults have less __________ than young adults.

A) selective attention
B) intelligence
C) anxiety
D) divided attention

Question 24

Aging adults must adapt to and cope with increasing loss of

A) relationships.
B) abilities.
C) income.
D) All of the above.

Question 25

The life-span perspective includes the belief that development is

A) multidimensional.
B) multidirectional.
C) plastic.
D) All of the above.

Question 26

There is some debate about __________ as people get older.

A) types of theories used
B) life-span perspectives
C) how much capacity for change is possible
D) cognitive dimensions

Question 27

Knowledge of human development can prevent

A) misdiagnosis.
B) confusion.
C) intervention.
D) misleading others.

Question 28

A search for personal meaning occurs primarily in the __________ stage.

A) adolescence
B) early adulthood
C) middle adulthood
D) late adulthood

Question 29

__________ characterize(s) the early childhood stage of development.

A) Curiosity
B) Questioning
C) Socialization experiences
D) All of the above

Question 30

Heightened emotionality and rapid mood fluctuations characterize

A) toddlerhood.
B) middle childhood.
C) early adulthood.
D) adolescence.

Question 31

Substantial __________ changes occur during middle adulthood.

A) cognitive and physical
B) emotional and cognitive
C) physical and emotional
D) memory and emotional

Question 32

Some researchers have shown that __________ decline(s) in middle adulthood, while others have not.

A) hormones
B) short-term memory
C) intelligence
D) verbal ability

Question 33

Carl Jung characterized late adulthood as a time of

A) decline and deterioration.
B) creativity.
C) generativity.
D) stagnation.

Question 34

In early childhood, __________ describes a child that is unable to see things from another perspective.

A) empathy
B) exocentrism
C) egopathic
D) egocentrism

Question 35

The three key processes that help older adults cope with losses are selection, __________, and compensation.

A) occasion
B) opportunity
C) optimization
D) overtness

Question 36

According to Erikson, a child ages 6-11 years is in the developmental stage of

A) initiative vs. guilt.
B) industry vs. inferiority.
C) autonomy vs. shame and doubt.
D) identity vs. role confusion.

Question 37

Aging adults must adapt to and cope with all of the following, EXCEPT loss of

A) relationships.
B) property.
C) physical/cognitive abilities.
D) income.

Question 38

The need for gerontological counseling is a more pressing issue today than in the past because

A) the elderly can now afford more help.
B) people have better medical plans that cover counseling.
C) the elderly are showing more signs of mental decay.
D) people are living longer than ever before.

Question 39

A gradual decline in inductive reasoning, spatial orientation, verbal memory, and perceptual speed tends to occur around age _____ years.

A) 15
B) 25
C) 40
D) 70

Question 40

__________ occurs if people feel that they have not made significant contributions.

A) Stagnation
B) Acceleration
C) Sublimation
D) Intellectualization

Question 41

Later adulthood is characterized by many role changes including

A) retirement.
B) birth of grandchildren.
C) death of parent, spouse, or friends.
D) All of the above.

Question 42

As the peak of their career is reached, adults may spend more time with

A) colleagues and friends.
B) friends and children.
C) friends and family.
D) family and colleagues.

Question 43

During toddlerhood, all of the following are major developmental accomplishments EXCEPT

A) cognitive/language development.
B) gross and fine motor development.
C) emotional development.
D) identity development.

Question 44

__________ concluded that older adult development is a creative period of life as opposed to a time of decline and deterioration.

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Carl Jung
C) Alfred Adler
D) Carl Rogers

Question 45

Older adults performed as well as middle-aged and younger adults in relation to sustained attention, otherwise known as

A) attentiveness.
B) vigilance.
C) observation.
D) reflection.

Question 46

In the __________ stage of early adulthood, the worker questions his or her competence and degree of commitment.

A) early achievement
B) early career
C) later career
D) later commitment

Question 47

__________ is said to help mitigate the negative effects of memory loss in old age.

A) Watching television
B) Sleeping
C) Eating three meals a day
D) Working on crossword puzzles

Question 48

During toddlerhood, separation anxiety typically occurs around ____ months of age.

A) 3
B) 4
C) 6
D) 9

Question 49

All of the following are roles that evolve in early adulthood EXCEPT

A) the achiever.
B) the worker.
C) the committed partner.
D) the parent.

Question 50

__________ play describes when children interact and share, but do not seem to be playing the same game.

A) Acquired
B) Aspirational
C) Associative
D) Accomplished

Question 51

Typically in their late 40s or early 50s, women go through __________ while men can experience some decreases in testosterone and sperm count.

A) menses
B) ovulation
C) menopause
D) amenorrhea

Question 52

According to Piaget, children's mental representation ability increases dramatically during the

A) sensorimotor stage.
B) preoperational stage.
C) formal operational stage.
D) None of the above.

Question 53

In working with developmental issues, __________ factors affect the developmental process.

A) cultural and age
B) cultural and diversity
C) diversity and age
D) diversity and family

Question 54

Emerging adulthood is the time to clarify __________ within the context of intimate relationships.

A) discussion style
B) family of origin
C) living arrangements
D) sexual orientation

Question 55

__________ is the stage in which establishing intimate ties with another is a major task.

A) Industry vs. inferiority
B) Identity vs. role confusion
C) Intimacy vs. isolation
D) Generativity vs. stagnation

Question 56

Education and socioeconomic status can affect performance on __________ tasks.

A) memory
B) physical
C) emotional
D) None of the above.

Question 57

The first few years of __________ can be difficult because of rapid physical changes and substantial cognitive and emotional maturation.

A) early childhood
B) middle childhood
C) adolescence
D) young adulthood

Question 58

Infants typically exhibit fear or anxiety of strangers at about _______ of age.

A) 3 months
B) 9 months
C) 6 months
D) 1 year

Question 59

In Erikson's _________ stage of psychosocial development, children experiment with who they can become through imaginative play.

A) autonomy versus shame and doubt
B) identity versus role confusion
C) industry versus inferiority
D) initiative versus guilt

Question 60

A three- or four-year old who encounters any dog will refer to the dog as a dog, rather than a certain breed of dog. This is an example of Piaget's concept of

A) assimilation
B) accommodation
C) centration
D) egocentrism

Question 61

Explain the life-span perspective and why it is applicable to the counseling profession.

Question 62

Identify Erikson's psychosocial development stages.

Question 63

Discuss emotional differentiation during the infancy/toddlerhood developmental stage.

Question 64

Describe the foundation of Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory.

Question 65

Identify and describe Piaget's four main stages of development.

Question 66

Describe the major cognitive developmental milestones of Piaget's sensorimotor stage.

Question 67

Identify significant gross and fine motor development throughout infancy and toddlerhood.

Question 68

Describe the major differences between the early and middle childhood stages.

Question 69

Describe the importance of socialization throughout the developmental stages.

Question 70

Describe the major cognitive developmental milestones of Piaget's concrete operational stage.

Question 71

Explain what a confounding factor in an adolescent's emotional development is and why it is important.

Question 72

Describe challenges and hallmarks of the early adulthood stage in regard to the worker, the partner, and the parent roles.

Question 73

Define generativity and describe its pertinence in middle adulthood.

Question 74

Explain the two tasks related to accepting life and achieving satisfaction in later adulthood.

Question 75

Explain the importance of dealing with loss during older adulthood and list the three key processes that help older adults cope with increasing loss.

Question 76

Describe one significant change that occurs during each of the stages of development.

Question 77

Identify the key developmental tasks in middle adulthood.

Question 78

Describe a developmental intervention used with mid-adolescents.

Question 79

Describe the physical and cognitive changes that occur during middle adulthood.

Question 80

Define Piaget's concept of adaptation (assimilation and accommodation), and provide an example.