Deck 12: Assessment, Case Conceptualization, Diagnosis, and Treatment Planning

Question 1

Assessment

A) involves making a diagnosis.
B) involves gathering information in order to address a counseling concern.
C) is only necessary in cases of severe difficulties.
D) is something few counselors do.

Answer 1

involves gathering information in order to address a counseling concern.

Question 2

When deciding how to conduct an assessment, professional counselors should consider the

A) referral source.
B) developmental level of the client.
C) client's ability to be an accurate reporter.
D) All of the above.

Answer 2

All of the above.

Question 3

Standardized tests are

A) often constructed for classroom use by instructors.
B) the only way to gauge subject mastery.
C) administered the same way at each administration.
D) acceptable for use with all populations.

Answer 3

administered the same way at each administration.

Question 4

A test that is constructed by your classroom instructor to evaluate subject mastery is an example of a

A) standardized norm-referenced test.
B) nonstandardized norm-referenced test.
C) standardized criterion- referenced test.
D) nonstandardized criterion-referenced test.

Question 5

Intelligence tests are

A) only administered to individuals.
B) a type of aptitude test.
C) concerned with measuring learning.
D) None of the above.

Question 6

A multiple choice personality inventory is

A) an objective test.
B) a projective test.
C) an achievement test.
D) a test with acceptable levels of content validity.

Question 7

Construct validity refers to

A) how effectively a test measures what it intends to measure.
B) an unmeaningful type of validity.
C) the correlation between a test and other tests measuring similar constructs.
D) None of the above.

Question 8

Interest inventories

A) measure the presence of psychological conflict.
B) are useful to measure subject mastery.
C) are often used by career counselors.
D) do not need to demonstrate criterion-related or content validity.

Question 9

Test reliability

A) refers to the client's ability to answer truthfully.
B) is not necessary for a test to be valid.
C) is possible only if a test is valid.
D) None of the above.

Question 10

Intake interviews

A) are not central to the assessment process.
B) provide information used in diagnostic formulation.
C) require more time than psychological tests.
D) All of the above.

Question 11

Clients not currently considering change are

A) in the Contemplation stage.
B) in the Precontemplation stage.
C) not likely to make progress in counseling.
D) All of the above.

Question 12

When determining a client's risk for suicide the professional counselor would

A) ask about substance use.
B) ask about losses and disappointments.
C) Both of the above.
D) None of the above.

Question 13

Multicultural issues are important to case conceptualization because

A) cultural context is an important consideration in case conceptualization.
B) minority clients are often misdiagnosed.
C) psychological symptoms may be the result of oppressive social conditions.
D) All of the above.

Question 14

The DSM-5

A) is based on psychodynamic theory.
B) is not necessary for most counselors to know about.
C) is a descriptive framework for diagnosis.
D) does not address environmental stressors.

Question 15

If a client is diagnosed with a V code,

A) the diagnosis is synonymous with a mental disorder.
B) they meet the criteria for a mental illness.
C) the client has made significant progress and no longer needs treatment.
D) It indicates a problem that is the focus of treatment but are not a mental disorder.

Question 16

Once a diagnosis is made,

A) counselors should be focused only upon the diagnosis.
B) the counselor should never change the diagnosis.
C) the counselor should make sure that there is only one diagnosis.
D) None of the above.

Question 17

Treatment plans should

A) be formulated by the counselor and presented to the client.
B) take into account the client's level of motivation for change.
C) only be done with clients who are ready for action.
D) only be done in clinical mental health settings.

Question 18

Treatment objectives

A) are short-term, measurable outcome statements.
B) are typically not part of the treatment plan.
C) should be negotiated with the client.
D) are only of concern when there is a diagnosable mental illness.

Question 19

The strategies or interventions used to meet objectives

A) reflect the theoretical model being applied by the counselor.
B) should be compatible with the client's motivation level.
C) Both of the above.
D) None of the above.

Question 20

Informed consent is important to assessment and treatment planning because

A) clients should know the limits to confidentiality before being asked to disclose information.
B) the underlying ethical principle of autonomy relates to the clients' right to make their own choices about treatment.
C) Both of the above.
D) None of the above.

Question 21

The BASIC ID model

A) was developed by Carl Rogers.
B) focuses on a client's ability to identify problems.
C) is a holistic assessment model.
D) None of the above.

Question 22

Judy is a 20-year-old college student interested in choosing her major. She has a history of psychiatric hospitalizations and is feeling quite stressed currently. As her counselor you should

A) not concern yourself with her diagnosis.
B) consider adjunctive services that might be useful for Judy.
C) advise Judy to leave school before she gets more overwhelmed.
D) None of the above.

Question 23

Effective counselors

A) have many skills.
B) collaborate with clients to determine the direction treatment should take.
C) take into consideration clients' internal distress, behaviors and social contexts.
D) All of the above.

Question 24

Case conceptualization refers to

A) how professional counselors understand the nature of a client's concerns.
B) how and why the client's problem developed.
C) types of counseling interventions that might be effective for the client.
D) All of the above.

Question 25

Professional counselors often use tests for

A) preliminary problem exploration and diagnosis.
B) selection and screening.
C) facilitation of self-understanding.
D) All of the above.

Question 26

Norm-referenced test scores are compared to

A) scores of a group of people similar to the examinee who took the same test.
B) performance criteria.
C) modal scores of a group of people similar to the examinee.
D) the examinee's previous score on a similar exam.

Question 27

__________ is an example of a projective personality test.

A) Rorschach Inkblot Test C
B) Thematic Apperception Test
C) Both of the above.
D) None of the above.

Question 28

__________ refers to how well test questions represent the domain being tested.

A) Construct reliability
B) Content validity
C) Content reliability
D) Construct validity

Question 29

Elements assessing suicidality include all of the following EXCEPT

A) level of hopelessness.
B) history of childhood abuse.
C) history of mental health assistance.
D) current available social support.

Question 30

The purpose of behavioral observation is to

A) identify frequency of the target behavior.
B) notice events preceding the target behavior.
C) determine consequences of the behavior.
D) All of the above.

Question 31

A holistic evaluation of a client in a natural setting is a(n)

A) environmental assessment.
B) intake interview.
C) behavioral observation.
D) case conceptualization.

Question 32

An important aspect of case conceptualization is

A) multicultural consideration.
B) application of theory.
C) assessment of the client's motivation.
D) All of the above.

Question 33

___________ includes many structured and unstructured processes for gathering information to understand the issues that bring people to counseling.

A) Diagnosis
B) Validity
C) Assessment
D) Treatment planning

Question 34

__________ is NOT a category of tests.

A) Standardized tests
B) Nonstandardized tests
C) Norm-referenced tests
D) Assessment

Question 35

__________ tests are designed to broadly measure cognitive ability.

A) Intelligence
B) Physical
C) Projective
D) Achievement

Question 36

The Rorschach Inkblot Test asks participants to describe what they see in ambiguous pictures of inkblots and is a/an

A) thematic apperception test.
B) projective personality test.
C) symptom checklist.
D) intelligence test.

Question 37

__________ validity is NOT a type of validity.

A) Construct
B) Content
C) Criterion-related
D) Norm-referenced

Question 38

__________ reliability measures a test's temporal stability.

A) Test-retest
B) Interscorer
C) Split-half
D) Internal consistency

Question 39

One should consider __________ when choosing a test to administer.

A) the test norms as they compare to the population chosen to be tested
B) language barriers that may affect performance
C) the test's degree of cultural fairness
D) All of the above.

Question 40

__________ is/are typically NOT considered in a mental status examination.

A) Thought processes
B) Academic grade point average
C) Appearance and behavior
D) Insight

Question 41

Which of the following is important to gauge when assessing for suicidal risk?

A) Whether a client has thoughts of and a plan for suicide.
B) The lethality of the plan and availability of means to carry out the plan.
C) The client's available social supports.
D) All of the above.

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a good example of a behavioral assessment?

A) A school counselor observing a child in his or her classroom.
B) A mental health counselor observing a child in an isolated clinic laboratory.
C) A mental health counselor observing a child interacting with his or her parents.
D) A school counselor observing a child interact with his or her peers at recess.

Question 43

__________ occurs when counselors make meaning out of the information gathered.

A) Assessment
B) Diagnosis
C) Case conceptualization
D) Treatment planning

Question 44

A client who is unaware that a problem exists and has no intention of changing is in the __________ stage of change.

A) precontemplation
B) contemplation
C) preparation
D) action

Question 45

In the United States, mental health diagnosis is typically facilitated by the

A) International Classification of Diseases (ICD).
B) Thematic Apperception Test.
C) Text of Diagnoses and Treatments.
D) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of diagnosing clients?

A) Diagnosis may pathologize clients from differing cultural backgrounds.
B) Diagnosis provides a common language for professionals and clients to describe disorders.
C) Diagnosis aids in treatment planning.
D) Diagnosis facilitates clinical research.

Question 47

Comprehensive treatment plans should include all of the following EXCEPT

A) doctor's notes.
B) goals.
C) objectives.
D) interventions.

Question 48

Treatment plans should be

A) written in abstract, immeasurable terms.
B) written so they can be measured for progress.
C) written in cryptic fashion.
D) All of the above.

Question 49

During assessment, case conceptualization, diagnosis, and treatment planning, counselors should be mindful of ethical principles. Which of the following is NOT an ethical principle?

A) Justice
B) Fidelity
C) Flexibility
D) Autonomy

Question 50

When professional counselors have a question about ethics, they should

A) consult with a colleague or supervisor who is qualified to provide such consultation.
B) refer to the American Counseling Association's Code of Ethics.
C) Both of the above.
D) None of the above.

Question 51

__________ validity is the lack of significant correlation between test scores and measures of constructs that are unrelated to the test construct.

A) Divergent
B) Convergent
C) Concurrent
D) Construct

Question 52

A test cannot be __________ unless it is __________.

A) reliable; valid.
B) reliable; significant.
C) valid; reliable.
D) significant; reliable.

Question 53

When a test is divided into two halves (sets of scores) and a high correlation is found between the two sets of scores, the test is considered to have

A) coefficient reliability.
B) test-retest reliability.
C) alternate forms reliability.
D) internal consistency.

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT a category measured by the mental status exam?

A) Intellectual functioning
B) Criminal and sexual history
C) Mood and affect
D) Sensorium

Question 55

The purpose of __________ is to note the frequency of behaviors that is occurring in the natural setting in which the client is experiencing problems.

A) behavioral observation
B) environmental assessment
C) case conceptualization
D) clinical assessment

Question 56

Case conceptualization includes

A) counselors making meaning out of the information they have gathered.
B) applying theory to the information gathered.
C) the development of effective treatment planning.
D) All of the above.

Question 57

Clients who are thinking about the benefits of change, but are not ready to make the commitment are in the _________ stage.

A) precontemplation
B) contemplation
C) preparation
D) maintenance

Question 58

Which of the following is TRUE about diagnosis?

A) It is an ethical requirement that counselors providing diagnoses be adequately trained in the use of the DSM-5.
B) The counseling profession has been ambivalent about the use of diagnosis.
C) Most cultures have created some type of classification system to diagnose behaviors that are abnormal.
D) All of the above.

Question 59

Which of the following is a benefit of diagnosis?

A) It serves as a framework for treatment planning.
B) It provides a common language for mental health professionals to communicate.
C) It may help clients to find support networks with people who share similar concerns.
D) All of the above.

Question 60

Treatment planning includes the question of

A) how will we know the treatment is working?
B) which theory do you see as most appropriate for the presenting problem?
C) how many sessions will you see the client?
D) None of the above.

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT one of the tiers in a three tiered treatment plan system?

A) Goals.
B) Objectives.
C) Evaluation.
D) Interventions/Strategies.

Question 62

In the BASIC ID model, sensation refers to

A) difficult thoughts the client is having about himself or others.
B) distressing mental pictures, memories or dreams the client is experiencing.
C) dizziness, tingling in limbs, or headaches experienced by the client.
D) types of substances and the quantity a client might be using.

Question 63

If a professional counselor were to conduct an intake interview and a personality inventory, in addition to calling the client's family to gather information, he would be conducting a(n)

A) treatment plan.
B) case conceptualization.
C) assessment.
D) diagnostic interview.

Question 64

The assessment process helps to

A) formulate a treatment plan.
B) identify resources to assist the client in coping with the presenting concerns.
C) enlighten diagnostic information.
D) All of the above

Question 65

Which of the following is NOT true about testing as a professional counselor?

A) Some professional counselors will administer tests to assist with diagnoses.
B) Career counselors are mandated to provide student testing to determine post-secondary options.
C) Professional school counselors are sometimes considered the experts in testing within schools.
D) Career counselors rely on testing to assist with career exploration.

Question 66

An example of a norm-referenced test is the

A) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.
B) Graduate Record Exam (GRE).
C) Thematic Apperception Test.
D) Mental Status Exam.

Question 67

__________ tests, which are designed to measure student learning, are often used by school counselors, school psychologists, learning disability specialists, and teachers.

A) Aptitude
B) Intelligence
C) Achievement
D) Affective

Question 68

By definition, __________ tests have not been extensively studied to create norms or criterion-related protocols.

A) standardized
B) nonstandardized
C) norm-referenced
D) predictive

Question 69

Which of the following is TRUE about intelligence tests?

A) They measure cognitive ability.
B) They may require training beyond a master's degree to administer.
C) There is an ongoing controversy over the validity of the constructs that underlie intelligence testing.
D) All of the above.

Question 70

Personality inventories, interest inventories, and symptom checklists are examples of

A) cognitive tests.
B) affective tests.
C) projective tests.
D) diagnostic tests.

Question 71

If a professor asked a class of school counselors-in-training to study seven chapters for their midterm, yet she only asked questions pertaining to three of the chapters, this test would have low

A) criterion-related validity.
B) content validity.
C) concurrent validity.
D) predictive validity.

Question 72

Criterion-related validity is considered ________ when both measures (the test and the criterion) are taken at the same point in time. It is considered _______ when the closely associated measure (the criterion) will be collected in the future.

A) convergent; divergent
B) predictive; concurrent
C) concurrent; predictive
D) divergent; convergent

Question 73

Explain the use of testing in assessment, case conceptualization, diagnosis, and treatment planning.

Question 74

Compare and contrast nonstandardized tests with standardized tests.

Question 75

Describe projective personality tests and provide an example.

Question 76

Describe the components of a suicide assessment.

Question 77

Compare and contrast convergent validity with divergent validity.

Question 78

Explain ethical considerations in assessment, case conceptualization, diagnosis, and treatment planning.

Question 79

Briefly describe the mental status exam. Identify at least 3 types of mental status categories that counselors might assess.

Question 80

Describe the major changes included in the DSM-5.