Deck 14: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Worthington has been praying and fasting for days. His healer has been making extraordinary noises, beating him, and giving him foul-tasting brews to drink. It is MOST likely that Worthington and his healer are _____.

A) both psychotic
B) engaged in a sadomasochistic ritual
C) exorcising the demons that are responsible for Worthington's troubles
D) exercising their right to do whatever they want in private

Answer 1

exorcising the demons that are responsible for Worthington's troubles

Question 2

These culture-general symptoms are associated with psychological disorders that disrupt everyday functioning across several cultural groups.

A) Nervousness, worrying all the time, or restlessness
B) Trouble sleeping, low spirits, or feeling apart or alone
C) Weak all over, hot all over, or can't do anything worthwhile
D) All of these options

Answer 2

All of these options

Question 3

This has NOT been used as an approach to defining abnormal behavior.

A) Level of dysfunction
B) Personal distress
C) Medical school consensus
D) Violation of norms

Answer 3

Medical school consensus

Question 4

Frances was diagnosed with a mental illness because she lost her job when she tested positive for marijuana use at a company that requires frequent random drug testing. From the criteria of identifying abnormal behavior, this is an example of _____.

A) infrequent occurrence
B) personal dysfunction or distress
C) danger
D) atypical behavior approach

Question 5

Windigo psychosis is an example of a _____ mental disorder.

A) culture-bound
B) culturally universal
C) functional
D) organic

Question 6

Which of the Four D's is often overestimated?

A) Deviance
B) Dysfunction
C) Distress
D) Danger

Question 7

Which of the following is (are) true?

A) Abnormal and normal behavior exist on a continuum
B) Abnormal and normal behavior are fixed categories
C) A single criterion is adequate for identifying all forms of abnormal behavior
D) B and C are true

Question 8

The _____ assumes that abnormal behavior is due to physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and possibly cured.

A) medical model
B) psychiatric perspective
C) psychobiological approach
D) mind-body hypothesis

Question 9

Compared to the medical model, psychology offers which of the following explanations for abnormal behavior?

A) Unconscious thoughts, blocked personal growth, and faulty thinking
B) Inappropriate conditioning or modeling
C) Problems with genes, brain structure, or neurotransmitters
D) All of these options

Question 10

Which of the following was NOT a treatment for abnormal behavior in earlier times?

A) Trephining
B) Exorcism
C) Placement in asylums
D) Phrenology

Question 11

In early therapy of abnormal behavior, _____ was used to allow evil spirits to escape, while _____ was designed to make the body so uncomfortable it would be uninhabitable to the devil.

A) purging; fasting
B) trephining; exorcism
C) demonology; hydrotherapy
D) the medical model; dunking

Question 12

According to your text's complete definition of abnormal behavior, which of the following statistically infrequent behaviors would qualify as "abnormal to the point of a possible mental disorder"?

A) the belief that the CIA is following you
B) having your entire body tattooed
C) living a completely celibate life
D) all of these options

Question 13

Nishimoto found all EXCEPT which of the following culture-bound symptoms?

A) Anglo-Americans reported shortness of breath and headaches.
B) Vietnamese-Chinese respondents reported fullness in the head.
C) Mexican respondents reported problems with memory.
D) Germans reported sudden anxiety attacks.

Question 14

Jamanani was raised to believe that people who behaved abnormally were possessed by evil spirits; Zelos agrees with Hippocrates that abnormal behavior arises from a physical condition. Jamanani adheres to the _____ model of abnormality; Zelos adheres to the _____ model.

A) spiritual; psychiatric
B) mind; body
C) demonological; medical
D) psychological; biological

Question 15

Using the violation of social norms approach, which of the following persons is engaged in abnormal behavior?

A) A Thai woman "runs amok."
B) An Ethiopian says he's possessed by "Zar."
C) A Vietnamese man believes his penis is retracting into his abdomen.
D) All of these options

Question 16

_____ is the specialized branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders.

A) Psychology
B) Psychiatry
C) Psychobiology
D) Psychodiagnostics

Question 17

Based on the personal distress approach to defining abnormal behavior, which of the following would qualify as abnormal?

A) Two teenagers kill and injure fellow classmates and teachers, but feel no remorse afterwards.
B) A father uses alcohol to get through the day, with no concern for the consequences.
C) A West African woman is experiencing "brain fog."
D) None of these options would qualify under this approach.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding abnormal behavior?

A) Mental disorders are signs of personal weakness.
B) Many mentally ill individuals work at moderate- and high-level jobs.
C) Mental illness is permanent.
D) Violence is the most common symptom of mental disorders.

Question 19

According to Dr. Szasz, the medical model of mental illness _____.

A) encourages people to believe they have no responsibility for their actions
B) lessens the social stigma associated with mental disorders
C) increases the opportunity for patients to take responsibility and seek treatment for their mental disorders
D) improves the medical professional's ability to diagnose and treat patients with mental disorders

Question 20

This is a culture-bound disorder that is characterized by delusions and cannibalistic impulses.

A) Anorexia cannibalis
B) Flesh-eating fetish
C) Windigo psychosis
D) There is no such disorder

Question 21

The occurrence of two or more disorders in the same person at the same time is _______.

A) Dual diagnosis
B) Confounding
C) Psychosis
D) Comorbidity

Question 22

Which of the following is (are) true of anxiety disorders?

A) They are diagnosed more in men than in women
B) They are diagnosed more in women than in men
C) They are among the easiest disorders to treat
D) Both b and c are true

Question 23

Which of the following MOST clearly illustrates an obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A) Morgan washes her hands 10 times after learning that the patient she just treated has hepatitis B.
B) Kendrick is so anxious about his speech for tomorrow that he reviews his notes 20 times.
C) Constant sexual thoughts have made Lauryn anxious for several months. She now carries a prayer book and feels pressured to read passages aloud over and over again everywhere she goes.
D) Mason's house was burglarized last week. He now checks the locks on his doors and windows five times a night, and listens to the radio to stop worrying about his safety.

Question 24

The purpose of the DSM 5 is to provide ____.

A) descriptions of disorders
B) explanations of the causes of disorders
C) treatment recommendations for disorders
D) all of these options

Question 25

Udo is frequently and suddenly overcome by intense fear, heart palpitations, dizziness, and difficult breathing. Udo is MOST likely suffering from _____.

A) general anxiety disorder
B) panic disorder
C) hysteria
D) agoraphobia

Question 26

This is the current term for serious mental disorders characterized by a loss of contact with reality and extreme mental disruptions.

A) Psychosis
B) Neurosis
C) Hysteria
D) Insanity

Question 27

Which of the following is FALSE about the DSM 5?

A) It completely describes symptoms of mental disorders.
B) It provides standardized diagnoses.
C) It reflects a western European and American perspective of mental disorders.
D) It relies on psychologically based explanations for mental disorders, rather than the medical model of mental illness.

Question 28

Chronic, uncontrollable, excessive worrying about nothing in particular is associated with _____.

A) panic attack
B) hysteria
C) generalized anxiety disorder
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 29

_____ is a legal term for people with a mental disorder that implies a lack of responsibility for their behavior and an inability to manage their affairs.

A) Neurosis
B) Psychosis
C) Insanity
D) Incompetence

Question 30

Anxiety is experienced by nearly everyone, and is not a mental disorder unless _____

A) you experience it more than once per month
B) its chronic intensity disrupts your life
C) your family has a history of anxiety disorders
D) other people begin to notice your symptoms

Question 31

This is a fear or discomfort that arises abruptly and usually involves feelings of impending doom.

A) Panic attack
B) Hysteria
C) Obsession
D) Compulsion

Question 32

Lola has not been able to control her considerable and varying worries for the last six months, and complains of insomnia and headaches. It is likely that Lola has _____.

A) panic attacks
B) generalized anxiety disorder
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) hysteria

Question 33

Anxiety disorders are _____.

A) characterized by unrealistic, irrational fear
B) the least frequent of the mental disorders
C) twice as common in men as in women
D) all of these options

Question 34

The classification system produced by the American Psychiatric Association and used to describe abnormal behaviors is called the DSM 5. DSM is an abbreviation for _____.

A) Diagnosis and Symptoms Manual
B) Diseases and Symptoms of Mental Disorders
C) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
D) Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Management Manual

Question 35

This complication, which can be part of panic disorder, results in anxiety about being in a place where escape is difficult or embarrassing.

A) Social phobia
B) Specific phobia
C) Agoraphobia
D) All of these options

Question 36

Leroy refuses to dance because of an intense, irrational fear of being negatively evaluated by others. Leroy probably has a(n) _____ phobia.

A) emotional
B) social
C) evaluation
D) situational

Question 37

"Insanity" is a _____ term that is used in _ of cases that reach trial.

A) psychological; 1%
B) legal; 1%
C) psychological; 3%
D) legal; 3%

Question 38

This is an outdated term for disorders characterized by unrealistic anxiety and other associated problems.

A) Psychosis
B) Neurosis
C) Psychasthenia
D) Hysteria

Question 39

Sudden inexplicable episodes of intense fear with an impending sense of doom are associated with _____.

A) hysteria
B) general anxiety disorder
C) panic disorder
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT an anxiety disorder?

A) Social phobia
B) Generalized anxiety disorder
C) Hysteria
D) Panic disorder

Question 41

Brenda has been up for days. She forgot to pay the rent, but is handing out money to the homeless. When a police officer tries to talk to her about why she is wearing only her bra and underwear in a public place, she answers rapidly, but her thoughts and her words are moving quickly from one idea to another. The police officer would be correct in suspecting that Brenda has _____.

A) drug-induced multiple personalities
B) a personality disorder
C) a bipolar disorder
D) hypothermic shock

Question 42

This is characterized by diffuse anxiety caused by intrusive thoughts and urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors.

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) agoraphobia
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) ritual abuse

Question 43

(A) factor(s) that may contribute to anxiety include(s) _____ factors.

A) psychological
B) biological
C) sociocultural
D) all of the above

Question 44

Morris is having trouble sleeping, has lost his appetite, is too tired to go to work, and cannot concentrate on simple television shows. It is MOST likely that Morris is experiencing a _____.

A) generalized depressive disorder
B) generalized anxiety disorder
C) depressive disorder
D) sleep-related depression

Question 45

A Japanese phobia characterized by an intense dread of embarrassing others does not exist in Western cultures. This demonstrates _____.

A) ethnocentrism
B) a cultural difference in emphasis on collectivist vs. individuals
C) the presence of more social phobias in Japan
D) all of these options

Question 46

The study of monkeys who developed a fear of a toy snake and toy crocodile, but not a toy rabbit or flower, after watching a videotape of another monkey modeling a fear response to all four objects, suggests that phobias are _____.

A) universal across species
B) both learned and biologically based
C) unpredictable
D) all of these options

Question 47

Persons with anxiety disorders who are hypervigilant are thought to have _____.

A) faulty cognitive habits
B) generalized anxiety disorder
C) maladaptive learning patterns
D) obsessive compulsive disorder

Question 48

This is an excessive and unreasonable state of excitement that may include impulsive behavior.

A) Hyperarousal
B) Mania
C) Compulsivity
D) Elation

Question 49

According to learning theory, the development of an anxiety disorder may be related to _____, while the maintenance of that disorder may be related to _____.

A) operant conditioning; imitation and modeling
B) vicarious learning; operant conditioning
C) classical conditioning; operant conditioning
D) classical conditioning; imitation and modeling

Question 50

According to learning theory, anxiety disorders are most likely caused by _____.

A) classical conditioning
B) operant conditioning
C) modeling and imitation
D) all of these options

Question 51

This is characterized by an intense, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation.

A) Panic attack
B) Panic disorder
C) Hysterical disorder
D) Phobia

Question 52

The two main types of mood disorders are _____.

A) depressive disorders and bipolar disorders
B) happy and sad
C) SAD and MAD
D) learned helplessness and suicide

Question 53

The rate of severe depression is two to three times greater in women than in men because _____.

A) of environmental factors (poverty, abuse, discrimination)
B) of socialization factors (passivity, dependence, emotional sensitivity)
C) they are genetically predisposed to hormonal and neurotransmitter fluctuations
D) all of these options

Question 54

This is a biological explanation for the development of anxiety disorders.

A) There may be an evolutionary predisposition to fear what is dangerous.
B) Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to become easily aroused
C) Biochemical disturbances due to caffeine or hyperventilation may play a role.
D) All of these options

Question 55

A depressive disorder is BEST characterized by _____.

A) frequent melancholia, prolonged blues, or prolonged grief
B) a long-lasting depressed mood that interferes with functioning, pleasure, and life interests
C) any depression of mood that also includes suicidal thoughts
D) recurring or persistent episodes of depressed mood and mania, with or without psychotic thinking and suicidality

Question 56

A major difference between a depressive disorder and bipolar disorder is that only in bipolar disorder do people have _____.

A) hallucinations or delusions
B) depression
C) manic episodes
D) biochemical imbalance

Question 57

Someone who experiences episodes of mania, or cycles between mania and depression, has a _____.

A) disruption of circadian rhythms
B) bipolar disorder
C) manic-depressive syndrome
D) depressive disorder

Question 58

One reason men may experience a lower rate of severe depression than women is because _____.

A) they are encouraged to act out aggressively or impulsively, rather than passively withdraw
B) the genes responsible for depression have been found on the X chromosome and men have only one of these
C) they tend to cope better with negative feelings
D) all of these options

Question 59

Which of the following is FALSE regarding bipolar disorder?

A) It is associated with a high suicide rate.
B) It is a very common disorder.
C) It is associated with impulsive behavior.
D) Depressive episodes usually last three times as long as manic episodes.

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT a proposed reason why women are more likely to manifest major depression than men?

A) Hormones
B) Unhappy marriages
C) Ruminative thought processes
D) Learned behavior patterns

Question 61

This is the term for a false or imaginary sensory perception that occurs in the absence of an external stimulus.

A) Delusion
B) Illusion
C) Hallucination
D) Flight of ideas

Question 62

Antidepressants are sometimes prescribed for mood disorders because they appear to affect the amount or functioning of _____ in the brain.

A) norepinephrine and serotonin
B) myelin
C) endorphins
D) acetylcholine and dopamine

Question 63

Which of the following is a psychosocial theory of depression?

A) Depression is the result of turning anger inward.
B) When positive growth is blocked, depression is the result.
C) Depression results from learning that pain cannot be avoided.
D) All of these options

Question 64

This is an example of a hallucination.

A) Hearing voices that aren't really there
B) Seeing an actual bridge and believing it is the gateway to heaven
C) Smelling a flower and believing its odor belongs to a skunk
D) Walking into a tree because you didn't see it

Question 65

_________________ is a group of severe disorders involving major disturbances in perception, language, thought, emotion, and behavior.

A)Bipolar
B) Schizophrenia
C) Dissociative identity disorder
D) Generalized psychosis

Question 66

When a depression is lifting from a person who has been suicidal in the past, _____.

A) the risk of suicide decreases
B) the risk of suicide is not affected
C) there is no risk of suicide
D) the risk of suicide increases

Question 67

Zuri makes internal, stable, and global statements about her poor test performance. She is MOST likely to experience _____, which may be related to _____.

A) autonomic resignation; self-esteem
B) helpless resignation; anxiety
C) resigned helplessness; bipolar disorder
D) learned helplessness; depression

Question 68

Which of the following is TRUE regarding suicide?

A) People who talk about it won't do it.
B) Only depressed or psychotic people commit suicide.
C) A family history of suicide increases a person's risk for suicide.
D) Women commit suicide more often than men.

Question 69

_____ refers to "split mind," while _____ refers to "split personality."

A) Psychosis; neurosis
B) Insanity; multiple personality
C) Schizophrenia; dissociative identity disorder
D) Paranoia; borderline

Question 70

If you suspect a friend might be considering suicide, what should you do?

A) Call the police immediately. Dial 911 if necessary.
B) Convince your friend that everything will be okay.
C) Ask your friend if he is thinking of hurting himself.
D) Avoid the topic of suicide so you don't inadvertently "plant" the idea.

Question 71

An attributional theory of depression suggests that depression is more likely when someone attributes their failure or unpleasant circumstances to an _____ cause.

A) internal, stable, and global
B) external, unstable, and specific
C) internal, unstable, and global
D) external, stable, and specific

Question 72

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding schizophrenia?

A) One in 100 people develops schizophrenia.
B) Schizophrenia usually develops in adolescence or young adulthood.
C) It is more severe in men
D) All of these options

Question 73

Schizophrenia is associated with _____.

A) withdrawal from others
B) withdrawal from reality
C) delusions and hallucinations
D) all of these options

Question 74

A disorder that is characterized by severely disturbed perception, language, thought, emotion, and behavior is _____.

A) schizophrenia
B) dissociative identity disorder
C) borderline psychosis
D) neurotic psychosis

Question 75

Sensation and perception in schizophrenia is _____.

A) blunted
B) enhanced/excessive
C) either blunted or excessive/enhanced
D) the same as in people without this disorder

Question 76

"I'm stupid" is a(n) _____ attribution, "I'll always be stupid" is a(n) _____ attribution, and "I'll never pass any of my classes" is a(n) _____ attribution.

A) inferior; external; expansive
B) external; unstable; specific
C) internal; stable; global
D) personal; eternal; academic

Question 77

People who attribute negative outcomes to themselves, and positive outcomes to external factors, are more prone to _____ than people who do the opposite.

A) anxiety
B) bipolar disorder
C) depression
D) schizophrenia

Question 78

Maxwell was not chosen for the baseball team. Which of the following attributions will DECREASE his chances of feeling depressed?

A) "I'm just no good at baseball."
B) "I've never been good at baseball, and never will be."
C) "Baseball, basketball, school-I've failed at all of them."
D) "Today just wasn't my day."

Question 79

Seligman found that, when faced with a painful situation from which there is no escape, animals and people enter a state of helplessness and resignation. He called this _____.

A) autonomic resignation
B) helpless resignation
C) resigned helplessness
D) learned helplessness

Question 80

It is possible that men are underdiagnosed with depression for all EXCEPT which of the following reasons?

A) They are socialized to suppress emotion
B) They show increased sexual behavior
C) They are hesitant to admit sadness
D) They have high use of alcohol