Deck 15: Psychotherapy

Question 1

Which of the following is a component of psychoanalysis?

A) Free association
B) Dream analysis
C) Analysis of Transference
D) All of these options

Answer 1

All of these options

Question 2

In therapy, Alda started speaking about her upcoming birthday, which reminded her of a childhood birthday. In discussing her fifth birthday, she remembered feelings of rage and disappointment, and recalled a dream she'd had last night in which she was behind the wheel of a steamroller. This process would BEST be described as _____.

A) dream analysis
B) psychotic processing
C) free association
D) all of these options

Answer 2

free association

Question 3

An analyst says to her patient, "When you raise your voice with me, it seems like you are doing what you did to be heard by your father, and what you may be doing with your boss that is keeping you from getting promoted." It is MOST likely that this analyst is engaged in the psychoanalytic technique called _____.

A) projection
B) interpretation
C) countertransference
D) self-disclosure

Answer 3

interpretation

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the applicability of psychoanalysis is FALSE?

A) It is too time consuming and expensive for the average patient.
B) It only works with severe mental disorders.
C) Patients may spend too much time looking for the reasons for their behavior rather than changing their behavior.
D) It lacks scientific credibility.

Question 5

If a patient falls in love with his therapist, this is likely a result of _____.

A) projection
B) transference
C) countertransference
D) resistance

Question 6

Blanche yells at her psychoanalyst, "You have never listened to me or understood anything I have said. You don't care at all what happens to me. I hate you!" Assuming this is not really true, it is MOST likely that Blanche is experiencing _____ in this stage of her therapy.

A) unconscious impulsiveness
B) free association
C) transference
D) transduction

Question 7

Using therapeutic techniques to improve psychological functioning and promote adjustment to life is known as _____.

A) eclectic therapy
B) treatment
C) psychotherapy
D) counseling

Question 8

Jock paused for several minutes right after he started discussing his most recent interaction with his wife. Jock's analyst interpreted this as a sign that Jock's ego was trying to prevent him from revealing an unconscious conflict and asked Jock to discuss this recent interaction. The analyst was attempting to overcome Jock's _____.

A) resistance
B) transference
C) therapeutic obstacle
D) impasse

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of psychoanalytic resistance?

A) Arriving on time for an appointment
B) Arriving early for an appointment
C) Arriving late or canceling an appointment
D) Each of these options may or may not be actual resistance

Question 10

In psychoanalysis, free association refers to _____.

A) unproductive sessions for which the client is not charged
B) a thought process that has no underlying cause or motivation
C) reporting whatever comes to mind without monitoring its contents
D) purposefully bizarre and disconnected associations

Question 11

Psychotherapy is defined in your text as the various methods of therapy that _____.

A) attempt to describe, explain, and treat various mental disorders
B) aim to improve psychological functioning and promote adjustment to life
C) were used by Freud
D) none of these options

Question 12

Therapies defined as "talk therapies" include ___________.

A) psychodynamic and cognitive
B) behavioral and psychodynamic
C) psychoanalysis and ECT
D) humanistic and operant conditioning

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a myth about psychotherapy identified in your text?

A) There is one best therapy
B) People who go to therapists are crazy or weak
C) People taking medication don't need therapy
D) Therapists can read your mind

Question 14

This is a stage in psychoanalysis in which a patient avoids the analyst's attempts to bring threatening unconscious material into conscious awareness.

A) Blocked association
B) Failed transference
C) Resistance
D) Counterresistance

Question 15

Interpretation in psychoanalysis _____.

A) is the analyst's explanations of a patient's free associations, dreams, resistance, and transference
B) is the analyst's presentation of the patient's problems in a new light or manner
C) is when the therapist explains the underlying meanings
D) all of these options

Question 16

According to your text, why does psychoanalysis work?

A) Once a person understands her or his maladaptive thoughts, new thoughts can be learned.
B) Once a person understands the reinforcement acting to sustain behavior, new behavioral consequences can be implemented.
C) Once a person gains insight, conflicts can be resolved.
D) Once a person feels unconditional positive regard, she or he can learn to love her or himself.

Question 17

In dream analysis, a psychoanalyst will look for the ______ meaning that underlies the _____ content.

A) conscious; unconscious
B) latent; manifest
C) dramatic; mundane
D) countertransferential; transferential

Question 18

The displacement of thoughts, feelings, fears, wishes, and conflicts from past relationships onto new relationships is called _____.

A) transference
B) countertransference
C) projection
D) displacement

Question 19

The system of psychotherapy developed by Freud that seeks to bring unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness is known as _____.

A) transference
B) cognitive restructuring
C) psychoanalysis
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 20

Hardy reported a dream in which he was riding as a passenger in the back seat of a driverless car. He experienced this dream as extremely frightening. His psychoanalyst suggested that Hardy might be feeling as though neither he nor anyone else is in charge of his life. This process would BEST be described as _____, in which the therapist's interpretation was meant to uncover _____.

A) transference; Hardy's problems with authority
B) countertransference; the manifest meaning in Hardy's real life
C) dream analysis; unacceptable, unconscious feelings in Hardy's psyche
D) free association; the latent content of Hardy's dream

Question 21

According to your text, how can you apply REBT to your own life?

A) Find a therapist who adheres to the REBT method of therapy.
B) Identify and argue against your own irrational beliefs.
C) Point out the irrational beliefs that your friends and relatives are using, and argue against them.
D) All of these options

Question 22

The process by which the therapist and client work to change destructive ways of thinking is called _____.

A) problem-solving
B) self-talk
C) cognitive restructuring
D) rational recovery

Question 23

_____ is Ellis's approach to therapy

A) Rational Event-related Action Learning (REAL)
B) Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
C) Doing-Emoting-Behaving Therapy (DEBT)
D) Behavior-Motivation Therapy (BMT)

Question 24

Cognitive therapy alters _____, the things people say to themselves when they interpret events.

A) self-talk
B) self-analysis
C) delusional beliefs
D) incongruent thoughts

Question 25

Ellis's approach to cognitive therapy attempts to eliminate self-defeating beliefs through rational examination. He named his approach REBT, or _____ therapy.

A) rational-emotive behavior
B) rational event-related behavior
C) recognition-exchange behavior
D) recovering effectiveness behavior

Question 26

This form of therapy focuses on faulty thought processes and beliefs to treat problem behaviors.

A) Self-talk therapy
B) Belief-behavior therapy
C) Cognitive therapy
D) Thought analysis

Question 27

Cognitive therapists assume that problem behaviors and emotions are caused by _____.

A) faulty thought processes and beliefs
B) negative self-image
C) incongruent belief systems
D) lack of self-discipline

Question 28

In Ellis's REBT, the letters ABC represent _____.

A) Actualization of self, mental and physical Behaviors, Coping reactions
B) Authenticity, Becoming, Choice
C) Activating event, Belief system, emotional Consequence
D) Analyzing, Believing, Creating

Question 29

When Rudyard missed the bus to school, he immediately thought to himself, "The teacher will never let me in late to the final exam. I'm doomed." Rudyard's thoughts are an example of _____, which cognitive therapists attempt to change using _____.

A) self-analysis; problem-solving
B) irrationality; rationalization
C) unreality; reality therapy
D) self-talk; cognitive restructuring

Question 30

Barney read the script wrong three times in a row during this morning's show. He believes his career is over, and he is filled with self-hatred. Beck would say Barney is at risk for developing depression because he is engaging in _____.

A) selective perception
B) overgeneralization
C) transference
D) self-defeating behavior

Question 31

The name of a psychodynamically based, brief form of therapy identified in your text is _________.

A) cognitive therapy
B) interpersonal therapy
C) behavioral therapy
D) hydrotherapy

Question 32

Research suggests that Beck's and Ellis's cognitive therapies work for _____.

A) severe psychotic disorders
B) depression, anxiety, bulimia, and addiction disorders
C) depression and anxiety disorders only
D) none of these options

Question 33

Boris believes that everyone has to like him, or he is not loveable. This is an example of one of Beck's maladaptive thought patterns called _____.

A) selective perception
B) overgeneralization
C) magnification
D) all-or-nothing thinking

Question 34

Both critics AND psychoanalysts agree that psychoanalysis _____.

A) cannot be scientifically validated
B) is too expensive and time consuming for nearly everyone
C) does not really work
D) only works with young, attractive, verbal, intelligent, and successful clients

Question 35

Casey believes it is useless to keep writing because she has received so many manuscript rejections and only one screenplay acceptance. Beck would consider Casey's depression to be due to her use of _____.

A) overgeneralization
B) all-or-nothing thinking
C) selective thinking
D) magnification

Question 36

Ketan turned down Desma's invitation to eat lunch together. Desma thought to herself, "Nobody ever likes me," and immediately felt depressed and lonely. Ellis's RET approach to therapy would directly address which of the following?

A) Desma's misunderstanding of dating gender-roles
B) Desma's depression and loneliness
C) Desma's irrationally pessimistic and global thinking
D) All of these options

Question 37

Modern psychodynamic therapy is different from psychoanalysis in all but which of the following reasons?

A) Treatment is briefer
B) Therapy occurs face-to-face
C) Therapy is more directive
D) All of the above are valid reasons

Question 38

Ellis calls REBT a(n)__________ approach.

A) ABCD
B) CDEF
C) ARTS
D) BARTS

Question 39

Ioana believes she has the ugliest face in the world because of a small mole on her nose. According to Beck, Ioana's frequent depression is related to the maladaptive thought pattern called _____.

A) magnification
B) exaggeration
C) overgeneralization
D) delusional thinking

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a belief shared by both psychoanalysts and cognitive therapists?

A) Altering destructive thoughts can improve a person's effectiveness in life.
B) Many thoughts and beliefs that create problems are unexamined by patients.
C) An exploration of thoughts and beliefs can lead to important insights.
D) Behavior changes are the result of the release of underlying tension and anxiety created by unexamined thoughts and beliefs.

Question 41

Client-centered therapy _____.

A) emphasizes the healthy, productive growth potential of people who come to therapy
B) focuses on the equality and responsibility of the client in therapy
C) employs empathy, unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and active listening
D) all of these options

Question 42

The belief that humans have personal freedom to make choices and that they are responsible for the choices they make characterizes the _____ approach to therapy.

A) psychoanalytic
B) humanistic
C) learning
D) gestalt

Question 43

According to the humanistic approach to therapy, the basic cause of psychological problems is _____.

A) frustration and conflict
B) faulty thinking
C) blocked personal growth
D) misperception of reality

Question 44

The awareness of one's true inner thoughts and feelings, and the ability to share them authentically with others, is called _____ in Rogerian therapy.

A) unconditional regard
B) intimate interaction
C) active sharing
D) genuineness

Question 45

An insightful awareness and ability to share another person's inner experience is called _____.

A) sympathy
B) emotional bonding
C) empathy
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 46

Beck practices _____, which attempts to change not only destructive thoughts and beliefs, but the associated behaviors as well.

A) psycho-behavior therapy
B) cognitive-behavior therapy
C) thinking-acting therapy
D) belief-behavior therapy

Question 47

In Rogerian therapy, the role of the therapist is to _____.

A) practice new behaviors, having learned the antecedent and consequence of that behavior
B) always agree completely with the client to allow improved congruence between the client's self-concept and environmental experiences
C) provide an accepting environment for a client's free exploration of important thoughts and feelings
D) unconditionally love his or her patients

Question 48

If a client-centered therapist was upset by a client's verbal abuse of a spouse, which of the following might the therapist do?

A) Report the client to the police.
B) Make an interpretation about how this behavior probably stems from the client's own abuse as a child.
C) Keep his reaction to himself, displaying unconditional positive regard and acceptance of this behavior.
D) Authentically share his feelings in a nonjudgmental manner with the client.

Question 49

Research on humanistic therapy has found _____.

A) that client self-reports of its effectiveness have been positive
B) mixed results for the effectiveness of empathy and active listening
C) that self-actualization and self-awareness are difficult to test scientifically
D) all of these options

Question 50

Beck believes that _____ are among the most important thinking patterns that lead to depression.

A) selective perception, overgeneralization, magnification, and all-or-nothing thinking
B) obsessions, compulsions, and irrational thinking
C) irrational beliefs, worrying, and emotional thinking
D) black-and-white thinking, illogical beliefs, and destructive ideation

Question 51

In Rogerian therapy, the _____ is responsible for discovering maladaptive patterns.

A) therapist
B) analyst
C) family
D) client

Question 52

_____ therapy helps clients to adjust their affective or emotional experiences in order to maximize personal growth.

A) Cognitive-emotive
B) Emotive
C) Humanistic
D) Actualization

Question 53

Which of the following components of active listening is INCORRECTLY matched?

A) Reflecting: providing a label that reflects the speakers feelings or thoughts
B) Paraphrasing: using exactly the same words as the speaker used
C) Clarifying: asking the speaker if you understood correctly
D) All of these options are correctly matched

Question 54

This is listening with total attention by reflecting, paraphrasing, and clarifying.

A) Speaker-centered listening
B) Speaker-focused listening
C) Unconditional positive listening
D) Active listening

Question 55

The nonjudgmental attitude and genuine caring that a therapist expresses toward a client is called _____.

A) unconditional positive regard
B) unconditional caring
C) genuine acceptance
D) genuine positive regard

Question 56

In _____, multiple people meet together to work toward therapeutic goals.

A) encounter groups
B) behavior therapy
C) group therapy
D) conjoint therapy

Question 57

Client-centered therapists avoid statements such as, "You did the right thing," in order to _____.

A) avoid inadvertent reinforcement of a genuine, but varying, maladaptive unconscious process
B) prevent non-genuine acceptance
C) decrease a client's need to seek approval from others and self
D) avoid malpractice lawsuits

Question 58

This type of group does not have a professional leader, and members assist each other in coping with a specific problem.

A) Self-help
B) Encounter
C) Peer
D) Behavior

Question 59

Which of the following statements is MOST likely to be said by a client-centered therapist?

A) "You're right about that."
B) "Your thinking is all mixed up."
C) "You sound perplexed, uncertain about what to do."
D) "Your mother thinks you are a unique, positive, and powerful person."

Question 60

Critics suggest that Beck and Ellis ignore, deny, or minimize the importance of _____ on patients' behaviors.

A) unconscious dynamics, emotion, and prior experiences
B) thoughts and beliefs
C) rationality
D) irrationality

Question 61

_____ creates anxiety by pairing an unpleasant stimulus with a maladaptive behavior in order to decrease the behavior.

A) Anxiety conditioning
B) Aversion therapy
C) Systematic sensitization
D) Conversion therapy

Question 62

In aversion therapy for alcohol abuse, Antabuse is the ______ whereas nausea is the _________.

A) UCR; UCS
B) CR; UCS & CS
C) CS; CR & CS
D) UCS; UCR & CR

Question 63

The physiological basis for systematic desensitization is that _____.

A) the brain habituates to greater levels of fear if they are presented in a gradual manner
B) relaxation stimulates the production of GABA neurotransmitters, which inhibit the firing of neurons in the brain
C) it is impossible for parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems to be dominant at the same time
D) there is no physiological basis for this behavioral technique

Question 64

What would a behavior therapist tell a snake-phobic client using systematic desensitization to do if he/she were to begin experiencing anxiety while visualizing a snake through the window?

A) Continue the process by increasing his coping thoughts
B) Continue the process by decreasing his distress-maintaining thoughts
C) Repeat his relaxation technique until his anxiety diminishes
D) Stop the visualization for the rest of this session

Question 65

In aversion therapy, a form of classical conditioning, _____ compete(s) with the pleasurable associations someone experiences when he or she engages in a maladaptive behavior, like drinking or smoking.

A) positive punishment
B) negative associations
C) parasympathetic arousal
D) negative punishment

Question 66

Eudoxie covers her husband's alcohol-related absences by lying to his boss. A behavior therapist is MOST likely to say that Eudoxie's problem is _____.

A) her marriage
B) best treated by attending Alanon meetings
C) her husband's alcohol-related behavior
D) lying to her husband's boss

Question 67

Which of the following is NOT listed by your textbook author as a benefit of group therapy?

A) Members can see that they are not alone with their problems.
B) Members may be more willing to accept feedback from peers with the same problems, than from a professional without the problems.
C) Members gain a sense of community when they get together and gripe about the same problems.
D) Members can share a variety of ideas, insights, and information that may help them with their problems.

Question 68

Abbas is maintaining a deep state of relaxation as he visualizes looking at a picture of a snake first, then viewing a snake through a window, then watching a snake from across the room, then observing a snake at arm's length. In this example, Abbas is using _____ to decrease his snake phobia.

A) cognitive-relaxation therapy
B) the relaxation response
C) systematic desensitization
D) virtual-relaxation therapy

Question 69

The main focus in behavior therapy is to increase _____ and decrease _____.

A) positive thoughts and feelings; negative thoughts and feelings
B) adaptive behaviors; maladaptive behaviors
C) coping resources; coping deficits
D) all of these options

Question 70

According to a(n) _____ therapist, an adolescent who is abusing drugs may be doing so because of maladaptive behavior patterns among various family members.

A) behavior
B) interactive
C) developmental
D) family

Question 71

Antabuse works to decrease alcohol consumption because the nausea it induces when alcohol is ingested becomes associated with the alcohol. This is an example of _____.

A) aversion therapy
B) the placebo effect
C) systematic desensitization
D) rational emesis therapy

Question 72

In family therapy, the identified patient _____.

A) is the member with the most problems
B) is the member with the deepest disturbance
C) has often been blamed by the family for problems in the family's interactions and relationships
D) slows down progress if he or she is unwilling to acknowledge his/her role and work on his or her problem with the rest of the family

Question 73

The three steps in systematic desensitization include all EXCEPT _____.

A) learning to become deeply relaxed
B) arranging anxiety-arousing stimuli into a hierarchy from least to worst arousing
C) practicing relaxation to anxiety-arousing stimuli, starting at the top of the hierarchy, with the most anxiety-producing stimuli first
D) all of these options are included

Question 74

_____ treats the family as a unit, and members work together to solve problems.

A) Aversion therapy
B) Encounter groups
C) Self-help groups
D) Family therapy

Question 75

The creation of anxiety to decrease maladaptive behavior occurs in _____ therapy; the induction of relaxation to increase an adaptive behavior occurs in _____.

A) behavior; humanistic therapy
B) random sensitization; gestalt therapy
C) aversion; systematic desensitization
D) rational-emotive; cognitive restructuring

Question 76

Which of the following is NOT true of behavior therapy?

A) The focus is on the problem behavior
B) Knowledge of the underlying causes of behavior is not considered necessary for change to occur
C) Feelings and interpretations are ignored or disregarded
D) The therapist looks for maladaptive behaviors occurring and adaptive behaviors that are not occurring.

Question 77

Your text defines family therapy as a psychological treatment that _____.

A) identifies and treats each member's problems simultaneously
B) attempts to change maladaptive interaction patterns among family members
C) treats the identified "patient" in the family before other members
D) teaches parents how to apply behavior therapy to increase adaptive behaviors, and decrease maladaptive behaviors, in their children

Question 78

_____ therapy uses techniques based on learning principles to change maladaptive behavior.

A) Behavior
B) Action-oriented
C) Humanistic
D) all of these options

Question 79

Behavior therapists use classical conditioning techniques to decrease maladaptive behaviors by _____.

A) rewarding adaptive behaviors
B) punishing maladaptive behaviors
C) creating new associations to replace faulty ones
D) all of these option

Question 80

This is a gradual process of extinguishing a learned fear response by associating a hierarchy of fear-evoking stimuli with deep relaxation.

A) Hierarchical training
B) Systematic desensitization
C) Aversion conditioning
D) The relaxation response