Deck 4: Ethical Considerations in Nursing Research

Question 1

The first document to identify "consent to participate in a study must be voluntary" as a key point was the

A) Declaration of Helsinki.
B) Nuremburg Code.
C) Tuskegee Study.

Answer 1

Nuremburg Code.

Question 2

Coercion refers to

A) collecting data without participants' knowledge.
B) offering inappropriate inducements for study participation.
C) study conduct being affected by sponsorship.

Answer 2

offering inappropriate inducements for study participation.

Question 3

Students are told they will receive 10 bonus points if they agree to participate in their instructor's research project. This practice constitutes possible

A) coercion.
B) covert data collection.
C) deception.

Answer 3

coercion.

Question 4

The collection of research information without participants' knowledge and consent is called

A) coercion.
B) covert data collection.
C) deception.

Question 5

Which of the following actions reflects anonymity?

A) Instructing respondents not to put their name on their survey.
B) Reporting study data in aggregate form.
C) Using pseudonyms to report qualitative research findings.

Question 6

Confidentiality is promoted by

A) debriefing participants after data collection.
B) obtaining informed consent.
C) reporting data in aggregate form.

Question 7

In a qualitative study, confidentiality can be promoted by

A) debriefing informants after data collection.
B) obtaining informed consent.
C) using pseudonyms to identify informants.

Question 8

What does informed consent imply?

A) All possible information about a study has been given to potential participants.
B) Study participants agree to forfeit the right to withdraw from a study after signing the form.
C) Study participants understand the information about a study before agreeing to participate.

Question 9

Qualitative research usually is characterized by

A) assumed consent.
B) process consent.
C) verbal consent.

Question 10

The ethical principle of justice relates to

A) balancing risks and benefits of a study for participants.
B) fair selection and fair treatment of study participants.
C) treating participants as autonomous agents who can make their own decisions.

Question 11

Which of the following studies would qualify as "exempt" from IRB review?

A) Food taste test.
B) Observation of nurses' responses to call lights.
C) Record review of medication errors.

Question 12

Which of the following studies would need a full IRB review?

A) A study observing children's separation behaviors.
B) A patient satisfaction survey.
C) A study of pathological specimens.

Question 13

Rewording one's own work to produce a new paper with the same data is an example of

A) misconduct during the research process.
B) misconduct related to reporting findings.
C) self-plagiarism.

Question 14

Identify the independent variable in the following research question: "Does type of healthcare provider (physician versus nurse practitioner) affect smoking cessation success in adult men?"

A) Adult men.
B) Healthcare provider.
C) Smoking cessation success.