Deck 23: Urinary System and Body Fluids

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?

A) Regulation of extracellular pH
B) Regulation of the concentration of solutes in the blood
C) Vitamin A synthesis
D) All of these are correct

Answer 1

Vitamin A synthesis

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?

A) Secretion of erythropoietin
B) Regulation of blood volume and blood pressure
C) Excretion of metabolic waste products
D) All of these are correct

Answer 2

All of these are correct

Question 3

The kidney is located in which of the following?

A) Retroperitoneal space
B) Thoracic cavity
C) Pelvic cavity
D) Mediastinum

Answer 3

Retroperitoneal space

Question 4

Which of the following does NOT surround the kidney?

A) Adipose tissue layer
B) Tunica muscularis
C) Renal fascia
D) Renal capsule

Question 5

What layer of connective tissue anchors the kidney to the abdominal wall?

A) Renal fascia
B) Adipose tissue layer
C) Renal capsule
D) All of the above are correct

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT an region of the kidney?

A) Cortex
B) Renal sinus
C) Ureter
D) Medulla

Question 7

Which of the following is the extensions of the renal cortex into the renal medulla?

A) Hilum
B) Renal sinus
C) Renal pyramids
D) Renal columns

Question 8

What is the cone-shaped structure that is found in the renal medulla?

A) Renal calyx
B) Renal pyramid
C) Nephron
D) None of the above is correct

Question 9

The bottom of what structure marks the boundary between the renal cortex and medulla?

A) Renal column
B) Renal pyramid
C) Renal calyx
D) Renal capsule

Question 10

What is the name of the point of the renal pyramid?

A) Renal column
B) Renal papillae
C) Renal base
D) Renal capsule

Question 11

What is the structure into which the renal papillae's urine drains?

A) Minor calyx
B) Renal pelvis
C) Ureter
D) None of these is correct

Question 12

The minor calyces merge into a larger funnel which is called the

A) Ureter
B) Renal capsule
C) Major calyx
D) None of these is correct

Question 13

Which of the following is the structure that is formed from the merger of the major calyces?

A) Renal capsule
B) Renal pelvis
C) Ureter
D) None of these is correct

Question 14

Which of the following connects to the renal pelvis?

A) Renal capsule
B) Renal calyx
C) Urethra
D) None of these is correct

Question 15

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A) Neuron
B) Cortex
C) Nephron
D) None of these is correct

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct flow of filtrate through the nephron?

A) Renal corpuscle, distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, proximal convoluted tubule
B) Proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, renal corpuscle
C) Loop of Henle, proximal convoluted tubule, renal corpuscle, distal convoluted tubule
D) Renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule

Question 17

What is NOT part of the renal corpuscle?

A) Bowman's capsule
B) Glomerulus
C) Renal fascia
D) All of these are correct

Question 18

Which of the following surrounds the glomerulus?

A) Bowman's capsule
B) Renal capsule
C) Fenestrae
D) None of the above is correct

Question 19

Which of the following is a network of capillaries?

A) Bowman's capsule
B) Glomerulus
C) Loop of Henle
D) Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 20

After urine flows from the distal convoluted tubules, what structure does it enter next?

A) Renal calyx
B) Collecting tubule
C) Loop of Henle
D) None of the above is correct

Question 21

Which of the following empties urine into the minor calyx?

A) Ureter
B) Proximal convoluted tubule
C) Papillary ducts
D) All of these are correct

Question 22

Which of the following is found in the medulla?

A) Glomerulus
B) Distal convoluted tubule
C) Bowman's capsule
D) Collecting ducts

Question 23

Which of the following is the most numerous type of nephron?

A) Cortical nephron
B) Medullary nephron
C) Juxtamedullary nephron
D) None of the above is correct

Question 24

Which of the following cells is found in the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule?

A) Simple squamous epithelium
B) Podocyte
C) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
D) None of the above is correct

Question 25

What is the name of the pores in the glomerular capillary?

A) Filtration slit
B) Gap junction
C) Fenestrae
D) None of the above is correct

Question 26

What is the fluid that is formed in Bowman's capsule?

A) Lymph
B) Plasma
C) Serous fluid
D) Filtrate

Question 27

Which of the following supply the glomerulus with blood?

A) Afferent arterioles
B) Efferent arterioles
C) Peritubular capillary
D) None of these is correct

Question 28

Which of the following takes blood away from the glomerulus?

A) Afferent arterioles
B) Efferent arterioles
C) Peritubular capillary
D) None of these is correct

Question 29

Which of the following surrounds the distal and proximal convoluted tubules?

A) Afferent arterioles
B) Efferent arterioles
C) Peritubular capillaries
D) None of these is correct

Question 30

Which of the following is secreted by the granular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A) Insulin
B) Urine
C) Renin
D) None of these is correct

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT part of urine formation?

A) Tubular absorption
B) Tubular secretion
C) Filtration
D) All of these are part of urine formation

Question 32

Which of the following is the movement of water and solutes across the filtration membrane?

A) Tubular reabsorption
B) Tubular secretion
C) Filtration
D) All of the above are sources

Question 33

Which of the following is the removal of water and solutes from the filtrate back into the blood?

A) Tubular reabsorption
B) Tubular secretion
C) Filtration
D) Osmosis

Question 34

Which of the following is the movement of solutes from the filtrate into the urine?

A) Tubular reabsorption
B) Tubular secretion
C) Filtration
D) Facilitated diffusion

Question 35

Which of the following is a normal GFR?

A) 10 mL/minute
B) 125 mL/minute
C) 1 L/minute
D) 10 L/minute

Question 36

The filtration membrane allows most substances in the blood to pass into Bowman's capsule. Which of the following does NOT pass through the filtration membrane?

A) Sodium ions
B) Urea
C) Glucose
D) Blood cells and platelets

Question 37

Which of the following drives substances from the glomerular capillaries into Bowman's capsule?

A) Blood proteins
B) Osmotic pressure
C) Filtration pressure
D) Simple diffusion

Question 38

What is the pressure which is caused by the blood pressure in the kidney?

A) Capsular pressure
B) Glomerular capillary pressure
C) Urinary pressure
D) Blood colloid osmotic pressure

Question 39

What is the pressure which is caused by the filtrate inside Bowman's capsule?

A) Capsular pressure
B) Glomerular capillary pressure
C) Urinary pressure
D) Blood colloid osmotic pressure

Question 40

What is the pressure which is caused by the blood proteins?

A) Capsular pressure
B) Glomerular capillary pressure
C) Urinary pressure
D) Blood colloid osmotic pressure

Question 41

Which of the following has the high pressure that causes the formation of filtrate in Bowman's capsule?

A) Capsular pressure
B) Glomerular capillary pressure
C) Urinary pressure
D) Blood colloid osmotic pressure

Question 42

What is the filtration pressure equal to?

A) FP = (GCP + CP) + BCOP
B) FP = (GCP + CP) - BCOP
C) FP = (GCP - CP) - BCOP
D) All of the above are correct

Question 43

Which of the following moves fluid and substances into Bowman's capsule?

A) Capsular pressure
B) Glomerular capillary pressure
C) Protein pressure
D) Blood colloid osmotic pressure

Question 44

Which of the following moves fluid into the glomerular capillaries?

A) Capsular pressure
B) Glomerular capillary pressure
C) Blood colloid osmotic pressure
D) Both blood colloid osmotic pressure and capsular pressure are correct

Question 45

An increase in which of the following will result in a increase in filtration pressure?

A) Capsular pressure
B) Glomerular capillary pressure
C) Blood colloid osmotic pressure
D) None of these is correct

Question 46

Which of the following is increased if the number of proteins increases in the filtrate in Bowman's capsule?

A) Capsular pressure
B) Glomerular capillary pressure
C) Capsular colloid osmotic pressure
D) Blood colloid osmotic pressure

Question 47

Autoregulation is achieved through the vasoconstriction and vasodilation of which of the following blood vessels?

A) Efferent arterioles
B) Peritubular capillaries
C) Renal artery
D) Afferent arteriole

Question 48

What is the movement of fluid and useful solutes from the filtrate into the blood?

A) Tubular secretion
B) Tubular reabsorption
C) Juxtaglomerular movement
D) Filtration

Question 49

Which of the following substances is NOT reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubules into the blood?

A) Cl^-
B) Glucose
C) Water
D) Uric acid

Question 50

Which of the following substances is NOT reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubules into the blood?

A) Na⁺
B) Creatinine
C) Amino acids
D) Ca²⁺

Question 51

Which of the following substances is reabsorbed from the descending loop of Henle into the blood?

A) Cl^-
B) Glucose
C) Water
D) Uric acid

Question 52

Which of the following substances is reabsorbed from the ascending loop of Henle into the blood?

A) Na⁺
B) Creatinine
C) Amino acids
D) Ca²⁺

Question 53

Which of the following substances is reabsorbed from the ascending loop of Henle into the blood?

A) Cl^-
B) Glucose
C) Water
D) Uric acid

Question 54

Which of the following substances is reabsorbed from the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts into the blood?

A) Na⁺
B) Cl^-
C) Water
D) All of the above are correct

Question 55

What is the movement of fluid and waste solutes from the blood into the filtrate?

A) Tubular secretion
B) Tubular reabsorption
C) Juxtaglomerular movement
D) Filtration

Question 56

Which of the following substances is NOT secreted from the blood into the filtrate?

A) H⁺
B) Creatinine
C) Amino acids
D) K⁺

Question 57

Which of the following substances is responsible for the medullary concentration gradient that causes the reabsorption of Na⁺, Cl^- and water in the loop of Henle?

A) Ca⁺
B) Creatinine
C) Urea
D) K⁺

Question 58

ADH controls the reabsorption of which of the following substances?

A) Cl^-
B) Glucose
C) Water
D) Uric acid

Question 59

Increased levels of ADH causes which of the following to occur?

A) Water resorption increases and urine formation increases
B) Water resorption increases and urine formation decreases
C) Water resorption decreases and urine formation increases
D) Water resorption decreases and urine formation decreases

Question 60

Renin causes the production of which of the following?

A) Angiotensin I
B) Angiotensin II
C) Angiotensin-converting enzyme
D) Aldosterone

Question 61

Which of the following is responsible for the product of angiotensin II?

A) Angiotensin I
B) Angiotensinogen
C) Angiotensin-converting enzyme
D) Aldosterone

Question 62

Which of the following is responsible for the secretion of aldosterone?

A) Angiotensin I
B) Angiotensin II
C) Angiotensin-converting enzyme
D) Renin

Question 63

Aldosterone controls the reabsorption of which of the following substances?

A) Na⁺
B) Glucose
C) Amino acids
D) Uric acid

Question 64

Aldosterone causes which of the following effects?

A) Ca²⁺ reabsorption
B) Glucose reabsorption
C) Amino acids reabsorption
D) Water reabsorption

Question 65

Decreased levels of aldosterone causes which of the following to occur?

A) Water resorption increases and blood volume increases
B) Water resorption increases and blood volume decreases
C) Water resorption decreases and blood volume increases
D) Water resorption decreases and blood volume decreases

Question 66

Atrial natriuretic hormone decreases the reabsorption of which of the following substances?

A) Na⁺
B) Glucose
C) Amino acids
D) Uric acid

Question 67

Increased levels of atrial natriuretic hormone causes which of the following to occur?

A) Na⁺ resorption increases and increased ADH secretion
B) Na⁺ resorption increases and decreased ADH secretion
C) Na⁺ resorption decreases and increased ADH secretion
D) Na⁺ resorption decreases and decreased ADH secretion

Question 68

Decreased levels of atrial natriuretic hormone causes which of the following to occur?

A) Increases urine production and blood volume increases
B) Increases urine production and blood volume decreases
C) Decreases urine production and blood volume increases
D) Decreases urine production and blood volume decreases

Question 69

Which of the following receives urine from the renal pelvis?

A) Urethra
B) Urinary bladder
C) Ureter
D) All of the above are correct

Question 70

What is the muscular structure that stores urine?

A) Urethra
B) Urinary bladder
C) Ureter
D) All of the above are correct

Question 71

Which of the following carries urine to the outside of the body?

A) Urethra
B) Urinary bladder
C) Ureter
D) All of the above are correct

Question 72

Which of the following tissues lines the urinary bladder?

A) Simple squamous epithelium
B) Simple columnar epithelium
C) Stratified squamous epithelium
D) None of the above is correct

Question 73

What is the order of the flow of urine from the kidney to the outside of the body?

A) Ureter, urethra, urinary bladder
B) Urinary bladder, ureter and urethra
C) Ureter, urinary bladder and urethra
D) Urethra, urinary bladder and ureter

Question 74

Which of the following is composed of skeletal muscle and under voluntary control?

A) Ureter sphincter
B) External urethral sphincter
C) Internal urethral sphincter
D) All of the above are correct

Question 75

Which of the following helps to transport urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?

A) Peristaltic waves
B) Gravity
C) Contract of surrounding skeletal muscle
D) Osmosis

Question 76

Which of the following stimulates micturition?

A) Stretching of the urinary bladder wall by urine
B) Contraction of the ureter wall
C) Stretching of the renal pelvis by urine
D) All of the above are correct

Question 77

The relaxation of what structure will cause micturition?

A) Ureter sphincter
B) External urethral sphincter
C) Internal urethral sphincter
D) All of the above are correct

Question 78

Which of the following is NOT an age-related effect on the kidneys?

A) Decreased tubular absorption and secretion ability
B) Increased renin production
C) Decreased numbers of functional glomeruli
D) All of the above are correct

Question 79

Which of the following makes up two-thirds of the total body fluids?

A) Plasma
B) Interstitial fluids
C) Intracellular fluids
D) All of the above are correct

Question 80

Which of the following makes up one-third of the total body fluids?

A) Lymph
B) Extracellular fluids
C) Intracellular fluids
D) All of the above are correct