Deck 21: Digestive System

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive system which helps to maintain homeostasis?

A) Break down food
B) Manufacturing nutrients
C) Take up of food
D) All of these are functions of the digestive system

Answer 1

Manufacturing nutrients

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT part of the digestive tract?

A) Pharynx
B) Spleen
C) Small intestine
D) All of these are parts of the digestive tract

Answer 2

Spleen

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT part of the digestive tract?

A) Oval cavity
B) Stomach
C) Anus
D) All of these are parts of the digestive tract

Answer 3

All of these are parts of the digestive tract

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT an accessory gland associated with digestive tract?

A) Pancreas
B) Salivary gland
C) Larynx
D) All of these are accessory glands associated with the digestive tract

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a tunica of the digestive tract?

A) Submucosa
B) Serosa or adventitia
C) Mucosa
D) All of the above are tunica of the digestive tract

Question 6

Which of the following is the tunica of the digestive tract that has a muscular layer called the muscularis mucosa?

A) Muscularis
B) Serosa or adventitia
C) Mucosa
D) Submucosa

Question 7

Which of the following is the tunica of the digestive tract that is a muscular layer and controls movement of food in the digestive tract?

A) Muscularis
B) Serosa or adventitia
C) Mucosa
D) Submucosa

Question 8

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

A) Enteric motor neurons control smooth muscle contraction in the digestive tract
B) Enteric interneurons control the movement of food in the digestive tract
C) Enteric sensory neuron detect stretch of the digestive tract wall
D) Enteric interneurons connect the enteric sensory and motor neurons

Question 9

What is the connective tissue sheet that consists of two serous membranes with a thin connective tissue layer sandwiched between the membranes which hold many organs in place in the abdominopelvic cavity?

A) Mesenteries
B) Pleura
C) Pericardium
D) None of these is correct

Question 10

Organs that are located in the abdominal cavity but are not covered with mesenteries, are said to be located in what space?

A) Mesenteries
B) Pleura
C) Retroperitoneal
D) None of these is correct

Question 11

What is the mesentery that extends from the greater curvature of the stomach and is also called the fatty apron?

A) Lesser omentum
B) Pleura
C) Falciform ligament
D) None of these is correct

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a region of the mouth?

A) Oral cavity proper
B) Teeth
C) Vestibule
D) All of these are regions of the mouth

Question 13

Which of the following is formed by the orbicularis oris?

A) Pharynx
B) Esophagus
C) Labia
D) Hard palate

Question 14

What forms the lateral walls of the oral cavity?

A) Cheeks
B) Tongue
C) Labia
D) Hard palate

Question 15

What is the muscular structure on the floor of the mouth?

A) Cheeks
B) Tongue
C) Labia
D) Hard palate

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a type of tooth?

A) Incisor
B) Molar
C) Canine
D) All of these are types of teeth

Question 17

Which of the following are the three parts of the tooth?

A) Head, neck, root
B) Crown, neck, root
C) Head, body, root
D) None of the above is correct

Question 18

Which of the following is the ligament that secures the tooth into the tooth alveolus or socket?

A) Peritoneal ligament
B) Pericardial ligament
C) Pleural ligament
D) None of the above is correct

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a salivary gland?

A) Sebaceous glands
B) Parotid glands
C) Sublingual glands
D) Submandibular glands

Question 20

Which of the following imparts a lubricating quality to saliva?

A) Mucus
B) Mucin
C) Sebum
D) Trypsin

Question 21

Which of the following parts of the pharynx is involved in swallowing?

A) Pulmolarynx
B) Nasopharynx
C) Oropharynx
D) None of the above is correct

Question 22

What two sphincters are found in the esophagus?

A) Oroesophageal and gastroesophageal sphincters
B) Orophageal and lower esophageal sphincters
C) Upper and lower esophageal sphincters
D) None of the above is correct

Question 23

What is a condition in which the diaphragm opening for the esophagus enlarges and the stomach protrudes into the thoracic cavity?

A) Hiatal hernia
B) Gagging
C) Gastric ulcer
D) All of the above are correct

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a phase of swallowing?

A) Voluntary phase
B) Esophageal phase
C) Pharyngeal phase
D) All of the choices are phases of swallowing

Question 25

What is the mass of food that is formed during chewing?

A) Chyme
B) Bolus
C) Feces
D) None of the above is correct

Question 26

Which of the following is the first phase of swallowing?

A) Voluntary phase
B) Esophageal phase
C) Pharyngeal phase
D) None of these is correct

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a part of the stomach?

A) Isthmus
B) Pyloric
C) Cardiac
D) All of the above are parts of the stomach

Question 28

Which of the following is the part of the stomach that food encounters as it enters the stomach?

A) Body
B) Pyloric
C) Cardiac
D) Fundus

Question 29

Which of the following is the part of the stomach that contains a sphincter?

A) Body
B) Pyloric
C) Cardiac
D) Both the cardiac and pyloric part have sphincters

Question 30

What is the substance secreted by the parietal cells of the gastric glands?

A) Pepsinogen
B) Hydrochloric acid
C) Mucus
D) Gastrin

Question 31

What is the substance secreted by the G cells of the gastric glands?

A) Pepsinogen
B) Hydrochloric acid
C) Mucus
D) Gastrin

Question 32

What is the semi-fluid mass of food that is found in the stomach?

A) Chyme
B) Bolus
C) Feces
D) None of the above is correct

Question 33

What is the function of mucus in the gastric juices?

A) Protects and lubricates
B) Converts pepsinogen into pepsin
C) Digests proteins
D) All of the above are correct

Question 34

What is the function of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juices?

A) Protects and lubricates
B) Digests proteins
C) Converts pepsinogen into pepsin
D) All of the above are correct

Question 35

What is the function of pepsin in the gastric juices?

A) Protects and lubricates
B) Converts pepsinogen into pepsin
C) Digests proteins
D) Binds with vitamin B12 and helps its absorption in the small intestine

Question 36

What is the function of intrinsic factor in the gastric juices?

A) Protects and lubricates
B) Digests proteins
C) Converts pepsinogen into pepsin
D) Binds with vitamin B12 and helps its absorption in the small intestine

Question 37

When parietal cells pump out H⁺, what positive ion is pumped into the parietal cells to equalize the charge difference?

A) Na⁺
B) K⁺
C) H⁺
D) Cl^-

Question 38

What is the name of the pump that exchanges H⁺/ K⁺ in the parietal cells of the gastric glands?

A) Na/K pump
B) Proton pump
C) Ion pump
D) Henry's pump

Question 39

What is phase of gastric secretion that is stimulated by the smell and taste of food?

A) Gastric phase
B) Intestinal phase
C) Cephalic phase
D) Gastrointestinal phase

Question 40

What is phase of gastric secretion that is stimulated by the movement of chyme into the duodenum?

A) Gastric phase
B) Intestinal phase
C) Cephalic phase
D) Gastrointestinal phase

Question 41

What is the wave that causes stomach emptying called?

A) Hunger pangs
B) Mixing waves
C) Peristaltic waves
D) Segmental contractions

Question 42

What are the uncomfortable sensations of the stomach that begin 12 - 24 hours after a meal?

A) Hunger pangs
B) Mixing waves
C) Peristaltic waves
D) Segmental contractions

Question 43

What is the wave that causes vomiting called?

A) Hunger pangs
B) Mixing waves
C) Reverse peristaltic waves
D) Segmental contractions

Question 44

Which of the following is an accessory gland associated with the duodenum?

A) Liver
B) Spleen
C) Pancreas
D) Both the liver and pancreas

Question 45

When chyme leaves the stomach, what does it enter next?

A) Ileum
B) Cecum
C) Duodenum
D) Anus

Question 46

Where do the ducts from the liver and pancreas open into?

A) Ileum
B) Cecum
C) Duodenum
D) Anus

Question 47

Which of the following is the correct arrangement of the duodenal epithelium in the order of largest to smallest?

A) Villi, microvilli, circular folds
B) Circular folds, villi, microvilli
C) Microvilli, villi, circular folds
D) Microvilli, circular folds, villi

Question 48

What is the name of the lymphatic capillaries in the walls of the small intestine?

A) Lacteals
B) Bile ducts
C) Hepatic portal capillaries
D) None of the above is correct

Question 49

Which of the following is correctly matched between the cell and its function?

A) Goblet cells - phagocytes
B) Granular cells - digestive enzymes
C) Absorptive cells - produce bile
D) Endocrine cells - regulatory hormones

Question 50

Which of the following are the small glands that are found at the base of the villi?

A) Gastric pits
B) Intestine glands
C) Lacteals
D) Peyer's patches

Question 51

Which of the following is the major site of nutrient absorption?

A) Ileum
B) Cecum
C) Rectum
D) Jejunum

Question 52

What are the lymphatic nodules found the ileum called?

A) Lacteals
B) Peyer's patches
C) Gall bladder
D) None of the above is correct

Question 53

Which of the following is the junction between the small and large intestines?

A) Pyloric sphincter
B) Anal sphincter
C) Ileocecal junction
D) None of the above is correct

Question 54

Which of the following is correctly matched between the cell and it function?

A) Goblet cells - mucus
B) Absorptive cells - produce peptidase
C) Absorptive cells - produce disaccharidase
D) All of the above is correct

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT a lobe of the liver?

A) Porta hepatis
B) Quadrate lobe
C) Caudate lobe
D) All of the above are lobes of the liver

Question 56

Where do blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, ducts and nerves enter the liver?

A) Central vein
B) Bare area
C) Porta hepatis
D) None of the above is correct

Question 57

What is found in the porta hepatis?

A) Hepatic artery
B) Left and right hepatic ducts
C) Hepatic portal vein
D) All of the above are correct

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT a part of the portal triad?

A) Branches of the hepatic artery
B) Hepatic ducts
C) Branches of the hepatic portal vein
D) All of the above are part of the portal triad

Question 59

In the triad region, the branches of the hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery join to form what enlarged capillaries?

A) Central vein
B) Hepatic sinusoids
C) Hepatic ducts
D) None of the above is correct

Question 60

What is the blood vessel in the middle of the liver lobule that receives blood from the hepatic sinusoids?

A) Central vein
B) Bile canaliculus
C) Hepatic ducts
D) None of the above is correct

Question 61

Which of the following is where hepatocytes are found?

A) Central zone
B) Bile canaliculus
C) Hepatic cords
D) None of the above is correct

Question 62

Which of the following carries bile in the liver lobules?

A) Central zone
B) Bile canaliculus
C) Hepatic cords
D) None of the above is correct

Question 63

Which of the following is a function of the liver?

A) Production of digestive enzymes
B) Storage of calcium
C) Detoxification of harmful substances
D) All of the above is correct

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

A) Production of bile
B) Storage of glycogen
C) Convert protein to carbohydrate
D) All of the choices are functions of the liver

Question 65

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

A) Phagocytosis of worn-out white blood cells
B) Synthesis of red blood cells
C) Production of albumin
D) All of the above is correct

Question 66

What carries the blood from the digestive tract to the liver?

A) Superior mesenteric artery
B) Hepatic vein
C) Hepatic portal vein
D) Hepatic artery

Question 67

Which of the following is the correct movement of blood in the liver lobule?

A) Portal triad, hepatic sinusoid, central vein
B) Hepatic sinusoid, central vein, portal triad
C) Central vein, hepatic sinusoid, portal triad
D) None of the above is correct

Question 68

Which of the following is the correct movement of bile in the liver lobule?

A) Hepatocytes, bile duct, bile canaliculi,
B) Hepatocytes, bile canaliculi, bile duct
C) Bile duct, hepatocytes, bile canaliculi
D) None of the above is correct

Question 69

Which of the following is the effect of the release of secretin on the liver and gall bladder?

A) Gall bladder relaxes
B) Sphincter of the common bile duct relaxes
C) Liver secretes bile
D) None of the above is correct

Question 70

Which of the following is the effect of the release of cholecystokinin on the liver and gall bladder?

A) Gall bladder contracts
B) Sphincter of the common bile duct contracts
C) Liver secretes bile
D) None of the above is correct

Question 71

Which of the following is the structure that produces insulin and glucagon?

A) Acini
B) Medulla
C) Pancreatic islet
D) None of the above is correct

Question 72

Digestive enzymes enter the duodenum by which of the following?

A) Common bile duct
B) Pancreatic duct
C) Central canal
D) All of the above is correct

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT an enzyme produced by the pancreas?

A) Pepsin
B) Nuclease
C) Trypsin
D) All of the above is correct

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT an enzyme produced by the pancreas?

A) Amylase
B) Chymotrypsin
C) Lipase
D) All of the above is correct

Question 75

Which of the following is the proximal end of the large intestine?

A) Rectum
B) Cecum
C) Colon
D) Ileum

Question 76

Which of the following is attached to the cecum?

A) Vermiform appendix
B) Rectum
C) Descending colon
D) Anus

Question 77

Which of the following connects the descending colon with the anal canal?

A) Rectum
B) Cecum
C) Colon
D) Ileum

Question 78

Which of the following has a smooth muscle layer?

A) Pharynx
B) Tongue
C) Internal anal sphincter
D) External anal sphincter

Question 79

Which of the following is the major secreted product of the large intestine?

A) Chyme
B) Enzymes
C) Pancreatic juices
D) None of the above is correct

Question 80

Which of the following is produced by the bacteria of the large intestine?

A) Vitamin D
B) Flatus
C) Glucose
D) Protein