Deck 20: Respiratory System

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a part of respiration?

A) Exchange of gases between the lungs and blood
B) Exchange of gases between the blood and tissues
C) Ventilation
D) All of these are involved in respiration

Answer 1

All of these are involved in respiration

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system which helps to maintain homeostasis?

A) Regulation of blood pH
B) Sense of taste
C) Gas exchange
D) All of these are functions of the respiratory system

Answer 2

Gas exchange

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT part of the respiratory system?

A) Pharynx
B) Lungs
C) Trachea
D) All of these are parts of the respiratory system

Answer 3

All of these are parts of the respiratory system

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT part of the upper respiratory tract?

A) Nasal cavities
B) Esophagus
C) Pharynx
D) All of these are parts of the upper respiratory tract

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a part of the nose?

A) External nose
B) Pharynx
C) Nasal cavity
D) All of the above are parts of the nose

Question 6

Which of the following is the nasal opening into the pharynx?

A) Vestibule
B) Nares
C) Glottis
D) Choanae

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nose?

A) Warms the incoming air with superficial capillaries
B) Humidifies the incoming air with mucus
C) Cleans the incoming air with nasal hairs, cilia and mucus
D) All of the above are functions of the nose

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT part of the pharynx?

A) Oropharynx
B) Nasopharynx
C) Esopharynx
D) Laryngopharynx

Question 9

What is the grape-shaped structure that is the posterior extension of the soft palate?

A) Uvula
B) Tonsil
C) Adenoid
D) Vestibule

Question 10

What is the largest cartilage in the larynx that forms the Adam's apple?

A) Cricoid cartilage
B) Thyroid cartilage
C) Epiglottis
D) None of these is correct

Question 11

What is the opening of the larynx?

A) Vestibule
B) Lumen
C) Glottis
D) Tonsils

Question 12

Which of the following is inflammation of the vocal fold?

A) Pharyngitis
B) Sinusitis
C) Laryngitis
D) None of the these are correct

Question 13

Which of the following structures contain C-shaped cartilages?

A) Pharynx
B) Trachea
C) Larynx
D) Bronchioles

Question 14

Which of the following epithelia lines the trachea?

A) Simple squamous epithelium
B) Simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells
C) Stratified squamous epithelium
D) Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 15

What is the effect of smoking on the lining of the trachea?

A) Loss of cilia
B) Loss of goblet cells
C) Lining becomes a moist stratified squamous epithelium
D) All of the above are effects of smoking on the lining of the trachea

Question 16

Which of the following is the ridge that separates the left and right primary bronchi?

A) Carina
B) Epiglottis
C) Uvula
D) None of the above is correct

Question 17

Which of the following describes the lobe structure of the lungs?

A) 3 lobes in the left lung and 3 lobes in the right lung
B) 3 lobes in the left lung and 2 lobes in the right lung
C) 2 lobes in the left lung and 3 lobes in the right lung
D) 2 lobes in the left lung and 2 lobes in the right lung

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct sequence of flow of air through the bronchi towards the alveoli?

A) Bronchus, lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi, bronchioles
B) Bronchus, segmental bronchi, lobar bronchi, bronchioles
C) Bronchioles, lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi, bronchus
D) None of the above is correct

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct sequence of flow of air through the bronchioles towards the alveoli?

A) Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveoli
B) Bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, terminal bronchioles, alveoli
C) Bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
D) Terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

Question 20

Which of the following are the squamous cells that make up most of the walls of the alveolus?

A) Type I pneumocytes
B) Type II pneumocytes
C) Type III pneumocytes
D) None of the answers are correct

Question 21

Which of the following are the cube-shape cells that secrete surfactant into the alveolus?

A) Type I pneumocytes
B) Type II pneumocytes
C) Type III pneumocytes
D) None of the answers are correct

Question 22

Which of the following diseases is characterized by abnormally increased constriction of the bronchi and bronchioles?

A) Bronchitis
B) Emphysema
C) Cystic fibrosis
D) Asthma

Question 23

Which of the following diseases is genetic and characterized by abnormally increased thick, sticky mucus in the lungs and digestive tract?

A) Bronchitis
B) Emphysema
C) Cystic fibrosis
D) Asthma

Question 24

Which of the following membranes surrounds the lungs?

A) Pleura
B) Pulmonary
C) Peritoneum
D) None of the above is correct

Question 25

Which of the following is the circulation that describes the movement of blood from the heart through the lungs and returns the blood back to the heart?

A) Systemic circulation
B) Renal circulation
C) Pulmonary circulation
D) Coronary circulation

Question 26

What is ventilation?

A) The movement of air in and out of the lungs
B) Expiration
C) Inspiration
D) All of the above are correct

Question 27

Which of the following is the movement of air into the lungs?

A) Secretion
B) Inspiration
C) Expiration
D) None of these is correct

Question 28

Which of the following muscle contractions is correctly matched with its process?

A) Diaphragm - expiration
B) Abdominal muscles - inspiration
C) External intercostal muscles - expiration
D) None of the above is correct

Question 29

Which of the following are the muscles of inspiration?

A) Abdominal muscles and internal intercostal muscles
B) Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
C) Internal intercostal muscles and diaphragm
D) None of the above is correct

Question 30

Which of the following is true of expiration during normal quiet breathing?

A) Internal intercostal muscles contract
B) External intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract
C) There is no active muscle contraction and the external intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax and lungs recoil
D) None of the above is correct

Question 31

Which of the following is true of forced expiration during labored breathing?

A) Internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles contract
B) External intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract
C) There is not active muscle contraction and the external intercostal muscles and diaphragm relaxes and lungs recoil
D) None of the above is correct

Question 32

Which of the following has NO effect on airflow in the lungs?

A) Changes in pressure
B) Temperature of the air
C) Change in air passageway diameter causing changes in airflow resistance
D) All of the above effect airflow in the lungs

Question 33

Which one of the following statements is correct?

A) Air moves from an area of low pressure to an area of high pressure
B) Increased lung volumes will cause decreased lung pressures
C) Increasing the diameter of an airway will increase the resistance to airflow
D) Decreasing the diameter of an airway will decrease the resistance to airflow

Question 34

When inspiratory muscles contract, what happens to alveolar volumes and alveolar pressure?

A) Alveolar volumes increases and alveolar pressure increases
B) Alveolar volumes increases and alveolar pressure decreases
C) Alveolar volumes decreases and alveolar pressure increases
D) Alveolar volumes decreases and alveolar pressure decreases

Question 35

When expiratory muscles contract, what happens to alveolar volumes and alveolar pressure?

A) Alveolar volumes increases and alveolar pressure increases
B) Alveolar volumes increases and alveolar pressure decreases
C) Alveolar volumes decreases and alveolar pressure increases
D) Alveolar volumes decreases and alveolar pressure decreases

Question 36

Which of the following is the cause of quiet expiration?

A) Recoil of the lungs
B) Contraction of expiratory muscles
C) Contraction of inspiratory muscles
D) All of the above are correct

Question 37

Which of the following is the cause of lung recoil?

A) Pressure in the pleural cavity
B) Elastic fibers of the lungs
C) Surface tension of the water molecules in the lungs
D) Elastic fibers of the lungs and surface tension of the water molecules in the lungs

Question 38

Which of the following is the cause of surface tension in the lungs?

A) Pressure in the pleural cavity
B) Elastic fibers of the lungs
C) Attraction of water molecules in the lungs
D) Elastic fibers of the lungs and the attraction of water molecules in the lungs

Question 39

Which of the following does NOT reduce surface tension in the lungs and prevent the lungs from collapsing?

A) Pressure in the pleural cavity
B) Elastic fibers of the lungs
C) Surfactant
D) All of the above are correct

Question 40

Infant respiratory distress syndrome is caused by the reduction of which of the following?

A) Pressure in the pleural cavity
B) Elastic fibers of the lungs
C) Surfactant
D) All of the above are correct

Question 41

Which of the following is true of pleural pressure in relationship to alveolar pressure?

A) Pleural pressure is under negative pressure that is lower than alveolar pressure
B) Pleural pressure is under negative pressure that is higher than alveolar pressure
C) Pleural pressure is under positive pressure that is lower than alveolar pressure
D) Pleural pressure is under positive pressure that is higher than alveolar pressure

Question 42

Which of the following does NOT cause increased compliance?

A) COPDs like asthma, bronchitis and lung cancer
B) Pulmonary fibrosis
C) Fractured ribs
D) All of the above increase compliance

Question 43

What is the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal forceful expiration?

A) Tidal volume
B) Inspiratory reserve volume
C) Expiratory reserve volume
D) Residual volume

Question 44

What is the amount of air that can be maximally inspired after a normal expiration?

A) Inspiratory capacity
B) Functional residual capacity
C) Vital capacity
D) Total lung capacity

Question 45

What is the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a normal expiration?

A) Inspiratory capacity
B) Functional residual capacity
C) Vital capacity
D) Total lung capacity

Question 46

What is the amount of air that can be maximally expired after a maximal inspiratory effort?

A) Inspiratory capacity
B) Functional residual capacity
C) Vital capacity
D) Total lung capacity

Question 47

What is the amount of air that is the lungs after a maximal inspiratory effort?

A) Inspiratory capacity
B) Functional residual capacity
C) Vital capacity
D) Total lung capacity

Question 48

What is the amount of air that can be maximally expired after a maximal inspiratory effort as rapidly as possible?

A) Inspiratory capacity
B) Functional residual capacity
C) Forced expiratory vital capacity
D) Total lung capacity

Question 49

What is the amount of air that is moving into and out of the lungs each minute?

A) Alveolar ventilation
B) Minute ventilation
C) Respiration rate
D) Forced expiratory vital capacity

Question 50

What is the part of the respiratory system where there is no gas exchange?

A) Pulmonary rest zone
B) Hard zone of diffusion
C) Nonfunctional zone
D) Dead space

Question 51

Which of the following is the volume of air that is available for gas exchange per minute?

A) Alveolar ventilation
B) Minute ventilation
C) Respiration rate
D) Forced expiratory vital capacity

Question 52

Which of the following states that the sum of the individual partial pressures of gases is equal to the total pressure of a mixture of gases?

A) Boyle's law
B) Henry's law
C) Charles' law
D) Dalton's law

Question 53

Which of the following states that the amount of gas which dissolves in a liquid is equal to the partial pressure of that gas times its solubility coefficient?

A) Boyle's law
B) Henry's law
C) Charles' law
D) Dalton's law

Question 54

Which of the following effects gas exchange?

A) Diffusion coefficient of the gas
B) Surface area of the respiratory membrane
C) Partial pressure gradient of the gas
D) All of the above are correct

Question 55

When deoxygenated blood mixes with the blood in the pulmonary capillaries which causes a decrease in the Po2 in the pulmonary veins, what is this deoxygenated blood called?

A) Bad blood
B) Blue blood
C) Shunted blood
D) None of the above is correct

Question 56

Which of the following blood vessel has a Po2 of 95 mm Hg?

A) Pulmonary arteries
B) Pulmonary capillaries
C) Pulmonary veins
D) Systematic veins

Question 57

Which of the following blood vessel has a Po2 of 40 mm Hg?

A) Pulmonary arteries
B) Pulmonary capillaries
C) Pulmonary veins
D) Systematic arteries

Question 58

Which of the following blood vessel has a Po2 of 104 mm Hg?

A) Pulmonary arteries
B) Pulmonary capillaries
C) Pulmonary veins
D) Systematic arteries

Question 59

Which of the following blood vessel has a Pco2 of 40 mm Hg?

A) Pulmonary veins
B) Pulmonary arteries
C) Systematic veins
D) Both the pulmonary arteries and systematic veins

Question 60

Which of the following blood vessel has a Pco2 of 45 mm Hg?

A) Pulmonary arteries
B) Pulmonary capillaries
C) Systematic veins
D) Both the pulmonary arteries and systematic veins

Question 61

Most of the oxygen transported in the blood is in what form?

A) Dissolved in the plasma
B) Bound to hemoglobin in RBCs
C) HCO3 - dissolved in plasma
D) All of the above are correct

Question 62

Which of the following curves describes the percent saturation of hemoglobin in the blood at different blood Po2 values?

A) Bohr curve
B) Oxygen saturation curve
C) Oxygen - hemoglobin dissociation curve
D) All of the above are correct

Question 63

When pH is increased in the blood, hemoglobin will do which of the following?

A) Release oxygen
B) Bind more oxygen
C) There is no effect on oxygen

Question 64

When Pco2 is increased in the blood, hemoglobin will do which of the following?

A) Release oxygen
B) Bind more oxygen
C) There is no effect on oxygen

Question 65

When sodium ions are increased in the blood, hemoglobin will do which of the following?

A) Release oxygen
B) Bind more oxygen
C) There is no effect on oxygen

Question 66

When temperature of the blood is increased, hemoglobin will do which of the following?

A) Release oxygen
B) Bind more oxygen
C) There is no effect on oxygen

Question 67

Most of the carbon dioxide transported in the blood is in what form?

A) Dissolved in the plasma
B) Bound to hemoglobin in RBCs
C) HCO3 - dissolved in plasma
D) All of the above are correct

Question 68

About 23% of the carbon dioxide transported in the blood is in what form?

A) Dissolved in the plasma
B) Bound to hemoglobin in RBCs
C) HCO3 - dissolved in plasma
D) All of the above are correct

Question 69

Which of the following is the respiratory center responsible for stimulating the diaphragm?

A) Pontine respiratory groups
B) Dorsal respiratory groups
C) Ventral respiratory groups
D) All of the above is correct

Question 70

Which of the following is the respiratory center responsible for stimulating the internal and external intercostal and abdominal muscles?

A) Pontine respiratory groups
B) Dorsal respiratory groups
C) Ventral respiratory groups
D) All of the above is correct

Question 71

Which of the following is the respiratory center responsible for switching between inspiration and expiration?

A) Pontine respiratory groups
B) Dorsal respiratory groups
C) Ventral respiratory groups
D) All of the above is correct

Question 72

Which of the following is the respiratory center responsible for inspiration?

A) Pontine respiratory groups
B) Dorsal respiratory groups
C) Ventral respiratory groups
D) Both the dorsal and ventral respiratory groups or the medullary respiratory center

Question 73

Which of the following is the respiratory center responsible for stopping inspiration and starting expiration?

A) Pontine respiratory groups
B) Dorsal respiratory groups
C) Ventral respiratory groups
D) Both the dorsal and ventral respiratory groups or the medullary respiratory center

Question 74

What are the chemoreceptors located in the carotid sinuses and the aortic bodies called?

A) Central chemoreceptors
B) Lateral chemoreceptors
C) Peripheral chemoreceptors
D) None of the above is correct

Question 75

When H⁺ ions in the blood are increased, the respiratory rate and depth of breathing will do which of the following?

A) Increase
B) Decrease
C) There is no effect

Question 76

When the pH of the blood is increased, the respiratory rate and depth of breathing will do which of the following?

A) Increase
B) Decrease
C) There is no effect

Question 77

When carbon dioxide in the blood is increased, the respiratory rate and depth of breathing will do which of the following?

A) Increase
B) Decrease
C) There is no effect

Question 78

When oxygen in the blood is increased, the respiratory rate and depth of breathing will do which of the following?

A) Increase
B) Decrease
C) There is no effect

Question 79

When oxygen in the blood is dramatically decreased, the respiratory rate and depth of breathing will do which of the following?

A) Increase
B) Decrease
C) There is no effect

Question 80

Which of the following reflexes is stimulated when the lungs are overinflated?

A) Pulmonary reflex
B) Ipso facto reflex
C) Hering - Breuer reflex
D) None of the above is correct