Deck 16: Blood

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the blood which helps to maintain homeostasis?

A) Transport of hormones and enzymes
B) Regulate pH
C) Synthesis of Vitamin D
D) Clot formation

Answer 1

Synthesis of Vitamin D

Question 2

Blood is composed of

A) Formed elements and plasma
B) Unformed elements and plasma
C) Formed and unformed elements
D) Plasma only

Answer 2

Formed elements and plasma

Question 3

Formed elements make up _____________ of the blood.

A) 55%
B) 25%
C) 95%
D) 45%

Answer 3

45%

Question 4

The most abundant substance in blood is

A) Red blood cells
B) Water
C) Neutrophils
D) Albumin

Question 5

What protein is found in the plasma?

A) Collagen
B) Albumin
C) Amylase
D) Mucus

Question 6

Antibodies are a class of this type of blood protein.

A) Albumin
B) Fibrinogen
C) Globulin
D) All of the above are correct

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an example of a formed element?

A) Plasma
B) Red blood cell
C) Platelet
D) White blood cell

Question 8

Which of the following is the most numerous formed element?

A) White blood cell
B) Plasma
C) Platelet
D) Red blood cell

Question 9

Which formed element is involved with immunity?

A) Leukocyte
B) Plasma
C) Thrombocyte
D) Erythrocyte

Question 10

Which formed element transports oxygen and carbon dioxide?

A) Leukocyte
B) Plasma
C) Thrombocyte
D) Erythrocyte

Question 11

Which formed element is a cell fragment?

A) Leukocyte
B) Plasma
C) Thrombocyte
D) Erythrocyte

Question 12

In adults blood cell formation occurs in the

A) Gray matter of the brain
B) Liver
C) Red bone marrow
D) Heart

Question 13

The stem cells of all formed elements is the

A) Erythroblast
B) Hemocytoblast
C) Megakaryoblast
D) Myeloblast

Question 14

The development of each blood cell line is regulated by

A) Insulin
B) Nitric oxide
C) Sulfuric acid
D) Growth factors

Question 15

Growth factors for regeneration of red bone marrow are used to counter the effects of

A) Chemotherapy in cancer treatment
B) Acid reflex in ulcer treatment
C) Loss of circulation in hypothermia
D) Cirrhosis of the liver in alcoholics

Question 16

A myeloblast differentiates into

A) Neutrophils
B) Eosinophils
C) Basophils
D) All of the above are correct

Question 17

Red blood cells are

A) Spherical
B) Biconcave
C) Flatten
D) Cuboidal

Question 18

Red blood cells live for approximately

A) 10 minutes
B) 10 days
C) 120 days
D) 1 year

Question 19

One-third of the volume of the red blood cell is composed of what red pigmented protein?

A) Erythropoietin
B) Hemoglobin
C) Antibodies
D) Thromboplastin

Question 20

Hemoglobin is composed of

A) Four polypeptides
B) Four heme groups
C) DNA
D) Both four polypeptides and four heme groups

Question 21

The heme group in red blood cells contain this metal.

A) Iron
B) Lead
C) Copper
D) Sodium

Question 22

Hemoglobin combines with __________ and appears bright red in color.

A) Carbon dioxide
B) Oxygen
C) Water
D) Chloride

Question 23

Red blood cells transport carbon dioxide bound to the

A) Heme group
B) Iron atom
C) Amino groups of the globin molecule
D) None of the answers are correct

Question 24

What percent of the oxygen is transported in the body by red blood cells?

A) 1.5%
B) 23%
C) 70%
D) 98.5%

Question 25

What percent of the carbon dioxide is transported in the body by red blood cells?

A) 7%
B) 23%
C) 70%
D) 98.5%

Question 26

In the red blood cells, carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid which dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions. What enzyme is responsible for this reaction?

A) Acetylcholinesterase
B) RNA polymerase
C) Carbonic anhydrase
D) All of the above are correct

Question 27

This cell is the product of erythropoiesis and is released into the blood as an immature red blood cell.

A) Hemocytoblast
B) Reticulocyte
C) Proerythroblast
D) Erythroblast

Question 28

Proerythroblasts differentiate into

A) Red blood cells
B) White blood cells
C) Platelets
D) Both red and white blood cells

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT required for normal red blood cell production by the bone marrow?

A) Iron
B) Folate
C) Vitamin B12
D) All of the above are needed for normal red blood cell production

Question 30

In response to low oxygen levels in the blood, the kidneys will release this glycoprotein.

A) Leukopoietin
B) Erythropoietin
C) Thrombopoietin
D) Cytopoietin

Question 31

Old, abnormal or damaged red blood cells are removed from the blood by macrophages of which of the following organs?

A) Stomach and intestines
B) Liver and spleen
C) Urinary bladder and kidney
D) Pancreas and liver

Question 32

Old heme molecules are removed from the body in the form of

A) Urine
B) Sweat
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Bile pigments in the feces

Question 33

This formed element has a nucleus.

A) Leukocyte
B) Plasma
C) Thrombocyte
D) Erythrocyte

Question 34

Leukocytes lack

A) A nucleus
B) Organelles
C) Cytoplasm
D) Hemoglobin

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT an example of a white blood cell?

A) Lymphocyte
B) Thrombocyte
C) Neutrophil
D) Monocyte

Question 36

Which of these leukocytes is an agranulocyte?

A) Neutrophil
B) Eosinophil
C) Monocyte
D) Basophil

Question 37

This white blood cell phagocytizes microorganisms and becomes a macrophage in the tissue.

A) Neutrophil
B) Eosinophil
C) Monocyte
D) Basophil

Question 38

This leukocyte is an example of a granulocyte.

A) Basophil
B) Lymphocyte
C) Monocyte
D) Thrombocyte

Question 39

This white blood cell phagocytizes microorganisms.

A) Neutrophil
B) Lymphocyte
C) Basophil
D) Thrombocyte

Question 40

This is the accumulation of dead neutrophils, cell debris and fluid.

A) Interstitial fluid
B) Synovial fluid
C) Pus
D) None of the above are correct

Question 41

Which leukocyte has large granules that stain blue-purple?

A) Neutrophil
B) Eosinophil
C) Monocyte
D) Basophil

Question 42

This leukocyte releases histamine and heparin.

A) Neutrophil
B) Eosinophil
C) Monocyte
D) Basophil

Question 43

This leukocyte has granules that stain orange-red or bright red.

A) Neutrophil
B) Eosinophil
C) Monocyte
D) Basophil

Question 44

This white blood cell attacks worm parasites.

A) Neutrophil
B) Eosinophil
C) Monocyte
D) Basophil

Question 45

The precursor cells of platelets are the

A) Erythroblasts
B) Lymphoblasts
C) Megakaryocytes
D) Myeloblasts

Question 46

Which cell fragment is important in preventing blood loss?

A) Thrombocyte
B) Leukocyte
C) Erythrocyte
D) Neutrophil

Question 47

Which of the following is involved in preventing blood loss?

A) Vascular spasm
B) Platelet plug
C) Blood clotting
D) All of the above are involved in preventing blood loss

Question 48

Vascular spasm is a temporary change in the blood vessel which causes

A) Dilation
B) Rupture
C) Constriction
D) No changes are seen in the blood vessel

Question 49

Vascular spasm can be caused by the release of ____________ from the platelets.

A) Renin
B) Growth factor
C) Thromboxane
D) Erythropoietin

Question 50

Platelet plug is associated with

A) Platelet adhesion
B) Platelet release
C) Platelet fragmentation
D) Platelet migration

Question 51

What will stop blood loss from small tears in the blood vessels?

A) Hematopoiesis
B) Platelet plugs
C) Jaundice
D) None of the above are correct

Question 52

Aspirin inhibit the synthesis of

A) Vitamin K
B) Fibrinogen
C) Clotting factor VIII
D) Thromboxane

Question 53

When a blood vessel has a large tear and is severely damaged, which one of the following mechanisms is activated?

A) Fibrinolysis
B) Agglutination
C) Blood clotting or coagulation
D) Hemolysis

Question 54

What structure contains a network of fibrin fiber that trap blood cells, platelets and fluid?

A) Blood clot
B) Platelet plug
C) Fibrosis
D) Tumor

Question 55

Blood clotting requires the presence of these proteins in the blood.

A) Antibodies
B) Hormones
C) Clotting factors
D) Prostaglandins

Question 56

Damage to the tissue may activate this pathway of blood clotting.

A) Extrinsic pathway
B) Intrinsic pathway
C) Common pathway
D) None of the above are correct

Question 57

Damage to a blood vessel may activate this pathway of blood clotting.

A) Extrinsic pathway
B) Intrinsic pathway
C) Common pathway
D) None of the above are correct

Question 58

This pathway of blood clotting involves factor X, factor V, platelet phospholipids and Ca²⁺.

A) Extrinsic pathway
B) Intrinsic pathway
C) Common pathway
D) None of the above are correct

Question 59

The formation of a blood clot is dependent on the synthesis of

A) Renin
B) Streptokinase
C) Growth factor
D) Fibrin

Question 60

Blood clotting requires

A) Thrombin
B) Fibrinogen
C) Fibrin
D) All of the above are required for blood clotting

Question 61

The human body produces a number of anticoagulants. Which one of the following is an anticoagulant?

A) Heparin
B) Plasminogen
C) Streptokinase
D) Antibodies

Question 62

An attached blood clot that forms inside of a blood vessel due to damaged blood vessel or heart wall is called a/an

A) Plaque
B) Embolus
C) Thrombus
D) Embedded clot

Question 63

A floating blood clot that breaks loose from inside a blood vessel is called a/an

A) Plaque
B) Embolus
C) Thrombus
D) None of the above are correct

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT an anticoagulant used to treat blood clots?

A) Heparin
B) Coumadin
C) Warfarin
D) All of the following are anticoagulants

Question 65

The contracting of a blood clot after it formation is called

A) Clot retraction
B) Fibrolysis
C) Serum
D) All of the above is correct

Question 66

The squeezing out of plasma without the clotting factor during clot retraction results in the formation of a liquid called

A) Clot retraction
B) Fibrolysis
C) Serum
D) None of the above is correct

Question 67

The dissolving of a blood clot after it forms is called

A) Clot retraction
B) Fibrolysis
C) Coagulation
D) Transfusion

Question 68

Which enzyme dissolves a blood clot?

A) Prothrombinase
B) Plasmin
C) Thrombin
D) Prostaglandins

Question 69

A treatment for blood loss is

A) Transfusion
B) Infusion
C) Anticoagulant
D) Both transfusions and infusions can be used to treat blood loss

Question 70

A transfusion reaction is the result of

A) Antigen and antibody reactions
B) Agglutination
C) Hemolysis
D) All of the above cause a transfusion reaction

Question 71

Which of the following is the antigen that is found on the surface of RBCs with blood type B?

A) A antigen
B) B antigen
C) Both A and B antigens
D) Neither A nor B antigens

Question 72

Which of the following is the antibody that is found in the plasma of blood type AB?

A) Anti-A antibody
B) Anti-B antibody
C) Both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
D) Neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies

Question 73

Which of the following is the antibody that is found in the plasma of blood type A?

A) Anti-A antibody
B) Anti-B antibody
C) Both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
D) Neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies

Question 74

A person with blood type A can receive a transfusion with this type of blood.

A) A blood type
B) B blood type
C) O blood type
D) Either A or O blood types

Question 75

A person with blood type O can receive a transfusion with this type of blood.

A) A blood type
B) B blood type
C) O blood type
D) AB blood type

Question 76

A person who is AB negative is

A) Type AB and Rh-negative
B) Type A and Rh-positive
C) Type B and Rh-negative
D) None of the above is correct

Question 77

When a Rh-negative mother has a second Rh-positive fetus, the fetus may develop this condition.

A) Transfusion reaction
B) Erythroblastosis fetalis
C) Myocardial infraction
D) Cerebrovascular accident

Question 78

Hemolytic disease of the newborn can be prevented by giving an Rh-negative mother what type of antibody injection?

A) Rogaine
B) Testosterone
C) RhoGAM
D) None of the above are correct

Question 79

To prevent transfusion reaction, the donor's and recipient's blood must be

A) Transfused into Rhesus monkeys
B) Transfused into the recipient's mother
C) Crossmatched
D) All of the above are correct

Question 80

A red blood cell count can be used to determine

A) Erythrocytosis
B) Anemia
C) Leukemia
D) Both erythrocytosis and anemia