Deck 14: Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Which of the following differences between the central nervous system and the autonomic nervous system is incorrect?

A) CNS - one neuron to effector; ANS - two neurons to effector
B) CNS - innervates skeletal muscle; ANS - innervates smooth and cardiac muscles and glands
C) CNS - axons myelinated; ANS - preganglionic axons myelinated, postganglionic axons unmyelinated
D) CNS - always excitatory; ANS - always inhibitory

Answer 1

CNS - always excitatory; ANS - always inhibitory

Question 2

The _______________ neuron runs from the CNS and the autonomic ganglion.

A) Somatic motor
B) Postganglionic
C) Preganglionic
D) Sensory

Answer 2

Preganglionic

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a division of the autonomic nervous system?

A) Enteric nervous system
B) Somatic nervous system
C) Sympathetic nervous system
D) Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 3

Somatic nervous system

Question 4

Another name for the sympathetic division is the

A) Craniosacral division
B) Enteric division
C) Thoracolumbar division
D) Cervicothoracic division

Question 5

The cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons are in the

A) Lateral gray horns of T1 through L2 region of the spinal cord
B) Brain stem and sacral area of the spinal cord
C) Lateral gray horns of the cervical region of the spinal cord
D) Anterior gray horns of the entire spinal cord

Question 6

The sympathetic chain ganglion are located

A) Alongside the vertebral column from T1 through L2 regions
B) Alongside the vertebral column from cervical through sacral regions
C) Anterior to the spinal column in the abdominal cavity
D) Very close to the organ being innervated by the nerve

Question 7

In the sympathetic division, the preganglionic neuron is

A) Short and myelinated and the postganglionic neuron is long and nonmyelinated
B) Short and nonmyelinated and the postganglionic neuron is long and myelinated
C) Long and myelinated and the postganglionic neuron is short and nonmyelinated
D) Long and nonmyelinated and the postganglionic neuron is short and myelinated

Question 8

The preganglionic neuron connects to the sympathetic chain ganglion by the

A) Gray ramus communicans
B) Ventral root of the spinal cord
C) White ramus communicans
D) Collateral ganglion

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a pathway for sympathetic nerves exiting the sympathetic chain ganglion?

A) Through splanchnic nerves to collateral ganglia
B) Synapsing with postganglionic neurons, leaving as sympathetic nerves
C) Reconnecting with spinal nerves through the gray ramus communicans
D) Going straight to the heart with no synapse

Question 10

Sympathetic postganglionic nerves that run with spinal nerves will serve

A) Skeletal muscle
B) Smooth muscle and glands in the skin
C) Cardiac muscle
D) Adrenal gland

Question 11

Sympathetic postganglionic nerves that form sympathetic nerves supply

A) Organs in the abdominal cavity
B) The adrenal glands
C) Organs in the thoracic cavity
D) All of the choices are correct

Question 12

The sympathetic splanchnic nerves serve

A) Organs in the abdominal cavity
B) The diaphragm
C) Organs in the thoracic cavity
D) All of the choices are correct

Question 13

Splanchnic nerves that do not synapse in either the chain ganglion nor the collateral ganglion will synapse with specialized neurons in the

A) Heart
B) Adrenal medulla
C) Diaphragm
D) Urinary bladder

Question 14

The parasympathetic division is also known as the

A) Craniosacral division
B) Enteric division
C) Thoracolumbar division
D) Cervicothoracic division

Question 15

The cell bodies of the parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are found in the

A) Lateral gray horns of T1 through L2 region of the spinal cord
B) Brain stem and lateral gray horns of the sacral area of the spinal cord
C) Lateral gray horns of the cervical region of the spinal cord
D) Anterior gray horns of the entire spinal cord

Question 16

In the parasympathetic division, the preganglionic neuron is

A) Short and myelinated and the postganglionic neuron is long and nonmyelinated
B) Short and nonmyelinated and the postganglionic neuron is long and myelinated
C) Long and myelinated and the postganglionic neuron is short and nonmyelinated
D) Long and nonmyelinated and the postganglionic neuron is short and myelinated

Question 17

The terminal parasympathetic ganglia are located

A) Alongside the vertebral column from T1 through L2 regions
B) Alongside the vertebral column from cervical through sacral regions
C) Anterior to the spinal column in the abdominal cavity
D) Very close to the organ being innervated by the nerve

Question 18

Which cranial nerve carry parasympathetic fibers?

A) III, IV, VII, X
B) III, VII, IX, X
C) II, V, VII, XII
D) IV, VI, IX, XI

Question 19

The nerve plexuses of the enteric nervous system receive contributions from all of the following except

A) Enteric neurons of the enteric plexuses
B) ANS neurons that connect the CNS to the digestive tract
C) Somatic motor neurons that connect the CNS to the digestive tract
D) Sensory neurons that connect the digestive tract to the CNS

Question 20

Nerve fibers that are considered cholinergic secrete ____ as the neurotransmitter.

A) Acetylcholine
B) Norepinephrine
C) Epinephrine
D) Serotonin

Question 21

Nerve fibers that are considered adrenergic secrete ____ as the neurotransmitter.

A) Acetylcholine
B) Norepinephrine
C) Glutamate
D) Serotonin

Question 22

Cholinergic receptors on skeletal muscles and postganglionic neurons in the ANS are called

A) Nicotinic receptors
B) Alpha receptors
C) Muscarinic receptors
D) Beta receptors

Question 23

Cholinergic receptors on ANS effectors are called

A) Nicotinic receptors
B) Alpha receptors
C) Muscarinic receptors
D) Beta receptors

Question 24

Acetylcholine binding to nicotinic receptors has a/an _____ effect, depending on the effector.

A) Inhibitory
B) Excitatory
C) Inhibitory or excitatory

Question 25

Acetylcholine binding to muscarinic receptors has a/an ______ effect, depending on the effector.

A) Inhibitory
B) Excitatory
C) Inhibitory or excitatory

Question 26

Adrenergic receptors on effectors are called

A) Nicotinic receptors
B) Alpha receptors
C) Muscarinic receptors
D) Beta receptors
E) Alpha or beta receptors

Question 27

Which of the following effectors are NOT cholinergic?

A) Sweat glands
B) Heart
C) Large intestines
D) Blood vessels

Question 28

Autonomic reflexes are used by the body to help regulate

A) Blood pressure
B) Heart rate
C) Digestion
D) All of the choices are correct

Question 29

A sudden increase in blood pressure detected by baroreceptors in the walls of large arteries near the heart will cause

A) Parasympathetic reduction of heart rate and sympathetic dilation of blood vessels
B) Sympathetic reduction of heart rate and parasympathetic dilation of blood vessels
C) Parasympathetic increase of heart rate and sympathetic constriction of blood vessels
D) Sympathetic increase of heart rate and parasympathetic constriction of blood vessels

Question 30

What structure has overall control of the ANS?

A) Medulla oblongata
B) Pons
C) Cerebrum
D) Hypothalamus

Question 31

In general, stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus produces ____ responses.

A) Parasympathetic
B) Sympathetic
C) Both parasympathetic and sympathetic

Question 32

Which of the following organs receive sympathetic innervation, but NOT parasympathetic?

A) Ciliary muscle of the eye
B) Lungs
C) Arrector pili muscle
D) Stomach wall

Question 33

Which of the following organs receives only parasympathetic innervation?

A) Adipose tissue
B) Gall bladder
C) Sex organs
D) Urinary bladder wall

Question 34

Which of the following is a function of the sympathetic division?

A) Dilate the pupil
B) Increase gastric secretion
C) Erection of the penis
D) Contraction of the gall bladder

Question 35

Which of the following is a function of the parasympathetic division?

A) Release of epinephrine
B) Decreased insulin secretion
C) Increased production of viscous saliva
D) Constriction of airways

Question 36

In general, the parasympathetic division will

A) Decrease digestive functions
B) Increase digestive functions
C) Increase cardiac rate
D) Increase blood coagulation

Question 37

Which division of the ANS has a more generalized effect in the body?

A) Sympathetic
B) Parasympathetic

Question 38

Why does the sympathetic division of the ANS have a more generalized effect in the body?

A) One preganglionic neuron synapses with many postganglionic neurons
B) One preganglionic neuron synapses with one or two postganglionic neurons
C) The secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine can effect many organs
D) Both choices A and C are correct

Question 39

Which division of the ANS has the major influence under conditions of physical activity or stress?

A) Sympathetic
B) Parasympathetic

Question 40

Which division of the ANS has the major influence under resting conditions?

A) Sympathetic
B) Parasympathetic

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a typical "flight or fight" response by the sympathetic division of the ANS?

A) Vasoconstriction of abdominal blood vessels
B) Dilation of air passageways
C) Increased secretions in the digestive tract
D) Increased fat break down for energy

Question 42

Motor neurons can be classified as either somatic or autonomic.

Question 43

Sensory neurons can be classified as either somatic or autonomic.

Question 44

The sympathetic chain ganglion consists of 22 pairs of ganglia.

Question 45

The splanchnic nerves that innervate the adrenal medulla are sympathetic preganglionic neurons.

Question 46

Eighty percent of the adrenal medulla cells secrete norepinephrine when stimulated.

Question 47

The enteric nervous system can act independently of the CNS through local reflexes.

Question 48

To say that the ANS supplies skeletal muscle means that the ANS innervates the skeletal muscle.

Question 49

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine are the only neurotransmitters released by ANS neurons.

Question 50

Adrenergic receptors can be stimulated by the nervous system and hormones from the adrenal gland.

Question 51

Regulation of structures by the ANS occurs only through autonomic reflexes.

Question 52

In general, stimulation of the anterior hypothalamus produces sympathetic responses.

Question 53

The hypothalamus can initiate ANS responses to emotions.

Question 54

The sympathetic division is always stimulatory and the parasympathetic division is always inhibitory.

Question 55

Most organs that receive ANS innervation are dually innervated with both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.

Question 56

In dually innervated organs the sympathetic division will usually have the opposite effect as the parasympathetic division.