Deck 12: Integration of Nervous System Functions

Question 1

The conscious awareness of stimuli received by sensory receptors is called

A) Accommodation
B) Sensation or perception
C) Adaptation
D) Both A and C are correct

Answer 1

Sensation or perception

Question 2

A decreased sensitivity to continual stimuli is called

A) Accommodation
B) Sensation or perception
C) Adaptation
D) Both A and C are correct

Answer 2

Both A and C are correct

Question 3

The ability to perceive stimuli is

A) Accommodation
B) Sensation or perception
C) Sense
D) Adaptation

Answer 3

Sense

Question 4

What type of senses are found in the skin, muscles and joints?

A) Somatic general senses
B) Special senses
C) Visceral general senses
D) All of the choices are correct

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a special sense?

A) Balance
B) Smell
C) Touch
D) Sight
E) Taste

Question 6

Visceral general senses are located in

A) Skin
B) Internal organs
C) Muscles
D) Joints

Question 7

What type of receptors respond to compression, bending or stretching?

A) Thermoreceptors
B) Nociceptors
C) Mechanoreceptors
D) Photoreceptors
E) Chemoreceptors

Question 8

What type of receptors respond to chemicals?

A) Thermoreceptors
B) Nociceptors
C) Mechanoreceptors
D) Photoreceptors
E) Chemoreceptors

Question 9

What type of receptors are involved in vision?

A) Thermoreceptors
B) Nociceptors
C) Mechanoreceptors
D) Photoreceptors
E) Chemoreceptors

Question 10

What type of receptors respond to painful stimuli?

A) Thermoreceptors
B) Nociceptors
C) Mechanoreceptors
D) Photoreceptors
E) Chemoreceptors

Question 11

What type of receptors respond to temperature changes?

A) Thermoreceptors
B) Nociceptors
C) Mechanoreceptors
D) Photoreceptors
E) Chemoreceptors

Question 12

What type of general sense receptors are the simplest and most common?

A) Merkel disks
B) Meissner corpuscles
C) Pacinian corpuscles
D) Ruffini end organs
E) Free nerve endings

Question 13

What type of stimulus is NOT associated with free nerve endings?

A) Touch
B) Pain
C) Temperature
D) Itch
E) Movement

Question 14

What type of receptors detect light touch and superficial pressure?

A) Merkel disks
B) Meissner corpuscles
C) Pacinian corpuscles
D) Ruffini end organs
E) Free nerve endings

Question 15

What type of receptors help to locate a light touch?

A) Merkel disks
B) Meissner corpuscles
C) Pacinian corpuscles
D) Ruffini end organs
E) Free nerve endings

Question 16

What type of receptors detect continuous pressure on the skin?

A) Merkel disks
B) Meissner corpuscles
C) Pacinian corpuscles
D) Ruffini end organs
E) Free nerve endings

Question 17

What are the deepest touch receptors in the skin?

A) Merkel disks
B) Meissner corpuscles
C) Pacinian corpuscles
D) Ruffini end organs
E) Free nerve endings

Question 18

Awareness of body position and movement is

A) Accommodation
B) Proprioception
C) Adaptation
D) Discrimination

Question 19

Which receptors are NOT responsible for proprioception?

A) Muscle spindles
B) Pacinian corpuscles
C) Golgi tendon organs
D) Meissner corpuscles
E) Free nerve endings

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT part of the anterolateral sensory tract system?

A) Spinothalamic tracts
B) Spinoreticular tracts
C) Medial lemniscal tracts
D) Spinomesencephalic tracts

Question 21

The spinothalamic tracts carry

A) Conscious somatic sensory information
B) Conscious somatic motor information
C) Unconscious somatic sensory information
D) Unconscious somatic motor information

Question 22

How many neurons are part of the spinothalamic pathway?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four

Question 23

The primary neuron of the spinothalamic tract runs from the

A) Thalamus to the somatic sensory cortex
B) Periphery to the posterior horn in the spinal cord
C) Posterior horn of the spinal cord to the thalamus
D) Posterior horn of the spinal cord to the periphery

Question 24

The secondary neuron of the spinothalamic tract decussates in the

A) Medulla oblongata
B) Pons
C) Gray matter of the spinal cord
D) Midbrain

Question 25

The tertiary neuron of the spinothalamic tract runs from the

A) Thalamus to the somatic sensory cortex
B) Periphery to the posterior horn in the spinal cord
C) Posterior horn of the spinal cord to the thalamus
D) Posterior horn of the spinal cord to the periphery

Question 26

The dorsal column/medial lemniscal system carries sensations of

A) Two-point discrimination
B) Proprioception
C) Pressure and vibration
D) All of the choices are correct

Question 27

The primary neuron of the dorsal column/medial lemniscal system is ______ in the spinal cord.

A) Contralateral
B) Ipsilateral
C) Contramedial
D) Anterior

Question 28

The secondary neuron of the dorsal column/medial lemniscal system decussates in the

A) Medulla oblongata
B) Pons
C) Gray matter of the spinal cord
D) Midbrain

Question 29

The trigeminothalamic tract carries the same type of sensory information as the spinothalamic tracts and the dorsal column/medial lemniscus system but comes from the

A) Eyes and nasal cavity
B) Face, nasal cavity and oral cavity
C) Neck and shoulders
D) Ears and eyes

Question 30

The spinocerebellar tracts carry unconscious proprioception to the

A) Contralateral cerebrum
B) Contralateral cerebellum
C) Ipsilateral cerebrum
D) Ipsilateral cerebellum

Question 31

Proprioception tracts include all of the following EXCEPT the

A) Dorsal column/medial lemniscal system
B) Spinocerebellar tracts
C) Spinothalamic tracts
D) Trigeminothalamic tracts

Question 32

The somatic sensory cortex is located in the _______ lobe.

A) Frontal
B) Occipital
C) Temporal
D) Parietal
E) Insula

Question 33

The general sensory area is located on the

A) Postcentral gyrus
B) Precentral gyrus
C) Lateral gyrus
D) Transverse gyrus

Question 34

The process by which the location of a painful stimulus is determined is called

A) Referred pain
B) Phantom pain
C) Projection
D) Processing

Question 35

Cortex areas adjacent to the primary sensory areas where sensory input is processed are called

A) Interpretive areas
B) Association areas
C) Commissural areas
D) Projection areas

Question 36

Initiation of most voluntary movement begins with _________ in the cerebral cortex.

A) Upper motor neurons
B) Middle motor neurons
C) Lower motor neurons
D) Posterior motor neurons

Question 37

The primary motor cortex is located on the ________ of the ________ lobe.

A) Postcentral gyrus; parietal
B) Precentral gyrus; parietal
C) Medial gyrus; temporal
D) Precentral gyrus; frontal

Question 38

Where is it determined which muscles would need to contract for a particular motion to occur?

A) Primary motor cortex
B) Premotor area
C) Prefrontal area
D) None of the choices is correct

Question 39

Forethought, motivation and emotional regulation occurs in the

A) Premotor area
B) Somatic sensory association area
C) Prefrontal area
D) Primary motor cortex

Question 40

The ________ contains projection fibers that connect the cerebrum to other parts of the brain.

A) Thalamus
B) Internal capsule
C) Substantia nigra
D) Basal nuclei

Question 41

Which descending tract carries impulses for movements of the neck, trunk and limbs?

A) Lateral corticospinal
B) Anterior corticospinal
C) Corticobulbar
D) Rubrospinal

Question 42

Which descending tract carries impulses for coordination of fine hand movements?

A) Lateral corticospinal
B) Reticulospinal
C) Corticobulbar
D) Rubrospinal

Question 43

Which descending tract carries impulses for posture adjustment and walking?

A) Lateral corticospinal
B) Reticulospinal
C) Corticobulbar
D) Rubrospinal

Question 44

Which of the following descending tracts is NOT a direct pathway to muscles for conscious, skilled movements?

A) Vestibulospinal
B) Anterior corticospinal
C) Corticobulbar
D) Lateral corticospinal

Question 45

Which of the following descending tracts is NOT an indirect pathway to muscles for conscious and unconscious movements?

A) Rubrospinal
B) Reticulospinal
C) Vestibulospinal
D) Corticobulbar

Question 46

Seventy-five to eighty-five percent of the corticospinal tracts will decussate in the

A) Spinal cord
B) Internal capsule
C) Medulla
D) Midbrain

Question 47

Corticospinal tracts that decussate in the medulla form the _______ tracts.

A) Lateral corticospinal
B) Corticobulbar
C) Anterior corticospinal
D) Posterior corticospinal

Question 48

What brain structures aid in the planning, organizing and coordinating motor movements and posture by facilitating some neurons and inhibiting others?

A) Corpus callosum
B) Hypothalamus
C) Basal nuclei
D) Vermis

Question 49

From where does the vestibulocerebellum receive input to help control balance, coordinate eye movements and maintain muscle tone in postural muscles?

A) Eye
B) Cerebral cortex
C) Inner ear
D) Basal nuclei

Question 50

Which area of the cerebellum is involved with skilled, rapid movements, as well as rhythm, word associations and solutions to puzzles?

A) Vestibulocerebellum
B) Flocculonuclear lobe
C) Spinocerebellum
D) Cerebrocerebellum

Question 51

Learning to play a concerto on the piano would involve the cerebrum and the

A) Vestibulocerebellum
B) Flocculonuclear lobe
C) Spinocerebellum
D) Cerebrocerebellum

Question 52

Which of the following are the major cerebellar inputs?

A) Cerebral motor cortex and spinal cord
B) Cerebral motor cortex and proprioceptors
C) Proprioceptors and spinal cord
D) Thalamus and basal nuclei

Question 53

Which of the following are the major cerebellar outputs?

A) Cerebral motor cortex and spinal cord
B) Cerebral motor cortex and proprioceptors
C) Proprioceptors and spinal cord
D) Thalamus and basal nuclei

Question 54

Cerebral motor cortex connection to the cerebellum is

A) Ipsilateral
B) Medial
C) Contralateral
D) Both ipsilateral and contralateral

Question 55

Which cortical area is necessary for understanding and formulating coherent speech?

A) Wernicke's area
B) Arcuate fasciculus
C) Broca's area
D) Prefrontal cortex

Question 56

Which cortical area initiates the movements needed for speech?

A) Wernicke's area
B) Arcuate fasciculus
C) Broca's area
D) Prefrontal cortex

Question 57

A record of the electrical activity of the brain is called a/an

A) Electrocardiogram
B) Computed tomography scan
C) Electroencephalogram
D) Magnetic resonance image

Question 58

What type of brain waves are observed when a person is mentally very active?

A) Alpha
B) Beta
C) Theta
D) Delta

Question 59

What type of brain waves are observed when a person is in deep sleep or has a severe brain disorder?

A) Alpha
B) Beta
C) Theta
D) Delta

Question 60

What type of brain waves are observed mainly in children?

A) Alpha
B) Beta
C) Theta
D) Delta

Question 61

What type of brain waves are observed in a person who is awake, but resting?

A) Alpha
B) Beta
C) Theta
D) Delta

Question 62

What type of memory lasts for less than a second while the brain is receiving and evaluating input?

A) Sensory memory
B) Short-term memory
C) Long-term memory
D) Explicit memory
E) Implicit memory

Question 63

Repetition of input and association with existing memories will result in

A) Sensory memory
B) Short-term memory
C) Long-term-memory
D) All of the choices are correct

Question 64

Retention of facts like names and places is called

A) Sensory memory
B) Short-term memory
C) Explicit memory
D) Implicit memory

Question 65

Explicit memories are accessed from the

A) Cerebellum and premotor areas
B) Hippocampus and incus
C) Parietal lobe and cerebellum
D) Amygdaloid body and hippocampus

Question 66

Remembering how to play the piano or ride a bicycle is called

A) Sensory memory
B) Short-term memory
C) Explicit memory
D) Implicit memory

Question 67

Implicit memory involves the

A) Cerebellum and premotor areas
B) Hippocampus and incus
C) Parietal lobe and cerebellum
D) Amygdaloid body and hippocampus

Question 68

Aging effects on the nervous system include

A) Loss of sensory and motor neurons
B) Decrease in CNS processing
C) Loss of sensory receptors
D) All of the choices are correct

Question 69

Visceral general senses deal with temperature and proprioception.

Question 70

We are consciously aware of all the sensory input to the brain.

Question 71

Touch is a general somatic sense.

Question 72

The ability to locate a light touch is called two-point discrimination.

Question 73

Slight movement of body hairs is detected by pacinian corpuscles.

Question 74

The anterior spinothalamic tract is an ascending, motor tract.

Question 75

Sensory input of the anterolateral system is considered contralateral.

Question 76

The medial lemniscal system is named for the ribbon-like appearance of the pathway as it passes through the diencephalon.

Question 77

Proprioception to the cerebrum is contralateral and conscious, while proprioception to the cerebellum is ipsilateral and unconscious.

Question 78

Lower motor neurons have their cell bodies in the anterior gray horns of the spinal cord or nuclei of the brainstem and extend to skeletal muscles by way of peripheral nerves.

Question 79

Motor impulses begin in the basal nuclei and cerebellum.

Question 80

A pin prick sensation on the left foot would end up at the top of the postcentral gyrus on the left side.