Deck 13: Education & Religion

Question 1

Over a lifetime,earnings are highest for persons with

A) a high school diploma.
B) a bachelor's degree.
C) a master's degree.
D) a doctoral degree.
E) a professional degree.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

About _____ percent of Americans have attained at least a college degree.

A) 11
B) 21
C) 31
D) 41
E) 51

Answer 2

C

Question 3

One of the best predictors of educational attainment is

A) race.
B) social class.
C) ethnicity.
D) age.
E) religion.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is not a latent function of education?

A) Schools provide child care.
B) High schools and colleges are matchmaking institutions.
C) Educational institutions create social networks.
D) Education increases upward mobility.
E) Education is good for businesses.

Question 5

_____ refers to the ways that an individual demonstrates his/her religious beliefs.

A) Profane
B) Spirituality
C) Religiosity
D) Secularism
E) Theology

Question 6

_____ refers to formal training and instruction in a classroom setting.

A) Tracking
B) Credentialing
C) Education
D) Schooling
E) Magneting

Question 7

Geoff and Jill attended a neighborhood softball game.Participating in this activity is

A) religious.
B) spiritual.
C) secular.
D) sacred.
E) exhausting.

Question 8

A _____ is a religious movement that is devoted to beliefs and practices that are outside of those accepted by mainstream culture and society.

A) cult
B) sect
C) denomination
D) church
E) religion

Question 9

_____ focus on issues of sexism within the institution of education.

A) Conflict theorists
B) Functionalists
C) Symbolic interactionists
D) Feminist theorists
E) Exchange theorists

Question 10

Which of the following questions might a conflict theorist ask about education?

A) What are the benefits of education?
B) Why does education serve some people better than others?
C) What content is covered in the classroom?
D) Where should schools be located?
E) How do students and teachers communicate?

Question 11

____ is a social institution that involves shared beliefs,values,and practices based on the supernatural and which unites believers into a community.

A) Faith
B) Religion
C) Secularism
D) Profanity
E) Convictionism

Question 12

Which of the following is not a manifest function of education?

A) Schools are socialization agents.
B) Education transmits knowledge and culture.
C) Schools often provide social services.
D) Education benefits taxpayers.
E) Education promotes cultural innovation.

Question 13

New religious movements often organize around _____ leaders.

A) religious
B) charismatic
C) bureaucratic
D) laissez-faire
E) traditional

Question 14

_____ is a social institution that transmits culture to its members through formal and systematic training.

A) Tracking
B) Credentialing
C) Education
D) Schooling
E) Magneting

Question 15

_____examine how the social context shapes students' and teachers' everyday experiences in education.

A) Conflict theorists
B) Functionalists
C) Symbolic interactionists
D) Feminist theorists
E) Exchange theorists

Question 16

_____ emphasize the benefits of education in their analyses.

A) Conflict theorists
B) Functionalists
C) Symbolic interactionists
D) Feminist theorists
E) Exchange theorists

Question 17

About 72 percent of Americans say that they are "deeply religious," but only _____ percent attend worship services weekly.

A) 4
B) 13
C) 28
D) 44
E) 52

Question 18

_____ maintain that education perpetuates social inequality.

A) Conflict theorists
B) Functionalists
C) Symbolic interactionists
D) Feminist theorists
E) Exchange theorists

Question 19

_____ is a personal quest in feeling connected to a reality greater than one's self.

A) Religion
B) Religiosity
C) Spirituality
D) Consciousness
E) Profanity

Question 20

For Christians,the cross is a symbol that represents something

A) secular.
B) profane.
C) sacred.
D) spiritual.
E) religious.

Question 21

According to symbolic interactionists,the roles of student and teachers are

A) reproduced.
B) shaped by macro-level factors.
C) socially constructed.
D) prejudiced.
E) representational.

Question 22

Contemporary examples of _____ include the Amish,Quakers,and Seventh Day Adventists.

A) cults
B) sects
C) denominations
D) churches
E) religions

Question 23

_____capital refers to social networks and social support.

A) Economic
B) Cultural
C) Social
D) Class
E) Collective

Question 24

_____ and _____ are examples of gatekeeping.

A) IQ tests; AP courses
B) AP courses; standardized tests
C) AP courses; hidden curriculum
D) IQ tests; hidden curriculum
E) IQ tests; standardized tests

Question 25

_____capital refers to income and other monetary assets.

A) Economic
B) Cultural
C) Social
D) Class
E) Collective

Question 26

A _____ is a religious group that has broken off from an established religion to form its own.

A) cult
B) sect
C) denomination
D) church
E) new religious movement

Question 27

Gatekeeping refers to controlling

A) the content of education.
B) the quality of education.
C) access to education.
D) economic and cultural capital.
E) how IQ tests are administered.

Question 28

According to conflict theorists,schools have a _____ that transmits nonacademic knowledge,values and attitudes that legitimize economic inequality.

A) hidden curriculum
B) gatekeeper
C) credentialing process
D) tracking system
E) manifest function

Question 29

Like sects,_____ have a professional ministry.

A) cults
B) denominations
C) churches
D) religions
E) colleges

Question 30

Critics contend that the SAT measures ____ rather than a student's ability.

A) personality
B) self-discipline
C) aptitude
D) literacy
E) social class

Question 31

Schools in _____ neighborhoods stress obedience,following directions and punctuality.

A) low-income
B) middle-income
C) high-income
D) wealthy
E) moderate

Question 32

Schools in _____ neighborhoods emphasize proper behavior and appearance,cooperation,and decision-making.

A) low-income
B) middle-income
C) high-income
D) wealthy
E) moderate

Question 33

_____ contend that credentialism rewards people for their achievements; _____ maintain that credentials can be gained from on-the-job training.

A) Functionalists; conflict theorists
B) Functionalists; symbolic interactionists
C) Conflict theorists; symbolic interactionists
D) Conflict theorists; feminist theorists
E) Symbolic interactionists; conflict theorists

Question 34

Critics of _____ say that these theories often ignore the progress of low-income and minority students.

A) functionalism
B) conflict theory
C) feminist theories
D) symbolic interactionism
E) exchange theory

Question 35

Dr.Manning has her diplomas framed and hanging on her office wall.This is an example of

A) the hidden curriculum.
B) credentialism.
C) intelligence.
D) literacy.
E) ability to teach well.

Question 36

_____capital refers to social assets,such as an elite education.

A) Economic
B) Cultural
C) Social
D) Class
E) Collective

Question 37

_____ are children of alumni who have "reserved seats" at colleges and universities,regardless of their academic ability.

A) Reserves
B) Legacies
C) Developmental cases
D) Advanced cases
E) Heritages

Question 38

Feminist scholars most closely align with which other theoretical perspective in their analysis of education?

A) functionalism
B) conflict theory
C) symbolic interactionism
D) exchange theory
E) none of the above

Question 39

Schools in _____ neighborhoods encourage leadership,creativity and independence.

A) low-income
B) middle-income
C) high-income
D) wealthy
E) moderate

Question 40

An emphasis on certificates and degrees is called

A) meritocracy.
B) a hidden curriculum.
C) credentialism.
D) tracking.
E) labeling.

Question 41

Approximately _____ percent of persons worldwide are nonreligious or atheist.

A) 2
B) 8
C) 16
D) 20
E) 35

Question 42

According to symbolic interactionists,education is

A) a reactive process.
B) an active process.
C) a passive process.
D) a result of modeling.
E) a prejudiced process.

Question 43

_____ is the assignment of students to specific education programs and classes on the basis of test scores,perceived ability,or previous performance.

A) Tracking
B) Schooling
C) Labeling
D) Learning
E) Home schooling

Question 44

Most of the funding for public schools comes from

A) international sources.
B) local school districts and states.
C) regional boards.
D) the federal government.
E) private donations.

Question 45

Which theoretical perspective asks "How does tracking affect students' educational experiences?"

A) functionalism
B) conflict theory
C) feminist theories
D) symbolic interactionism
E) exchange theory

Question 46

Which of the following is not one of the factors that explains the increase in religiosity with age?

A) Older Americans grew up when attendance at religious services was higher for all age groups.
B) Religious groups often provide transportation to religious services for older Americans.
C) Older Americans are seeking spiritual comfort.
D) Older Americans are most likely to see friends die.
E) Older Americans are seeking social interaction and connections.

Question 47

Which theoretical perspective asks,"What are the functions of education?"

A) functionalism
B) conflict theory
C) feminist theories
D) symbolic interactionism
E) exchange theory

Question 48

Which theoretical perspective asks,"How does education limit equal opportunity?"

A) functionalism
B) conflict theory
C) feminist theories
D) symbolic interactionism
E) exchange theory

Question 49

_____ are typically bureaucratically organized and maintain some degree of control over U.S.political and educational institutions.

A) Animists
B) Sects
C) Denominations
D) Churches
E) Religions

Question 50

On average,states spend _____ on each prisoner as on each public school student.

A) half as much
B) twice as much
C) three times as much
D) four times as much
E) five times as much

Question 51

Which of the following groups is most likely to drop out of high school?

A) Whites
B) Blacks
C) Asians
D) Latinos
E) American Indians

Question 52

Which theoretical perspective asks,"How does gender inequality in education limit women's upward mobility?"

A) functionalism
B) conflict theory
C) feminist theories
D) symbolic interactionism
E) exchange theory

Question 53

A _____ is a large and established religious group that has strong ties to the larger society.

A) cult
B) sect
C) denomination
D) church
E) religion

Question 54

Labeling is often based on tracking and can lead to

A) a hidden curriculum.
B) prejudice.
C) credentialism.
D) a self-fulfilling prophecy.
E) home schooling.

Question 55

Religious groups provide important resources such as finding jobs.Such resources are especially important for which one of the following groups?

A) whites
B) recent immigrants
C) Middle Eastern Americans
D) women
E) native-born Americans in lower socio-economic levels

Question 56

The largest religious group worldwide is

A) Christians.
B) Muslims.
C) Hindus.
D) Jews.
E) Buddhists.

Question 57

Over the past several decades,U.S.high school dropout rates have

A) increased for all racial groups.
B) increased for Latino students only.
C) decreased for all racial groups.
D) decreased for white students only.
E) decreased for all students except African Americans.

Question 58

Almost _____ percent of Americans believe in God.

A) 27
B) 47
C) 57
D) 92
E) 77

Question 59

For sociologists,_____ is a better measure of religious expression than asking individuals which religion they follow.

A) religious affiliation
B) religious beliefs
C) religiosity
D) attendance at services
E) none of the above

Question 60

Which one of the following statements about U.S.high school dropouts is false?

A) The dropout rate is highest among Latinos.
B) Females are more likely than males to drop out of high school.
C) Foreign-born youths drop out because of language barriers, teen pregnancy, and gang membership.
D) U.S.-born youths often drop out because they become disengaged.
E) Even students with passing grades drop out because they fear that they won't pass the state's exit examinations.

Question 61

Marx viewed religion as a form of _____,an acceptance of a system that prevents people from protesting oppression.

A) secularization
B) fundamentalism
C) false consciousness
D) the Protestant ethic
E) prosperity

Question 62

According to _______,religion endorses the status quo,but can also spearhead social change.

A) functionalists
B) conflict theorists
C) feminist theorists
D) symbolic interactionists
E) theologians

Question 63

Weber introduced the term _____,a belief that hard work,diligence,self-denial,frugality,and economic success would lead to salvation in the afterlife.

A) secularization
B) fundamentalism
C) the Protestant ethic
D) Catholic guilt
E) evangelism

Question 64

Recent surveys have found that _____ of high school students admit to cheating on tests.

A) 10 percent
B) 35 percent
C) 59 percent
D) 75 percent
E) 90 percent

Question 65

One of the strongest beliefs around the world is that

A) the dead will be resurrected after death.
B) the dead will be purified in purgatory.
C) the living should mourn the dead every year.
D) prayer is important.
E) there is no true religion.

Question 66

A ____ is a formal and repeated behavior in which members of a group regularly engage.

A) belief
B) symbol
C) ritual
D) prayer
E) baptism

Question 67

A _____ is a formal and repeated behavior in which the members of a group regularly engage.

A) symbol
B) belief
C) ritual
D) Haji
E) rite of passage

Question 68

_____ described religion as "the opium of the people."

A) Marx
B) Weber
C) Durkheim
D) Parsons
E) Comte

Question 69

_____ maintain that sexism and patriarchy plague modern religion.

A) Functionalists
B) Conflict theorists
C) Feminist theorists
D) Symbolic interactionists
E) Theologians

Question 70

Which major theoretical perspective asks "How is religion patriarchal?"

A) functionalism
B) conflict theory
C) feminism
D) symbolic interactionism
E) theology

Question 71

People with annual incomes are most likely to be religious.

A) under $20,000
B) between $20,000 and $29,999
C) between $30,000 and $49,999
D) of $75,000 or more
E) between $50,000 and $74,999

Question 72

Which major theoretical perspective asks "How does religion contribute to social cohesion?"

A) functionalism
B) conflict theory
C) feminism
D) symbolic interactionism
E) theology

Question 73

According to _____,religion is learned rather than innate.

A) functionalists
B) conflict theorists
C) feminist theorists
D) symbolic interactionists
E) theologians

Question 74

Jack and Jill met in a sociology class and got married after graduating from college.This is an example of which latent function of education?

A) Cultural integration.
B) Creating social networks
C) Decreasing job competition.
D) Schools provide child care.
E) Colleges are matchmaking institutions.

Question 75

Members of a _____ are the most likely to follow tradition or authority rather than a charismatic leader.

A) cult
B) new religious movement
C) sect
D) denomination
E) church

Question 76

In 1973,20 percent of high school students had an A average.In 2003,_____percent of high school students had an A average.

A) 8
B) 12
C) 33
D) 47
E) 55

Question 77

Which major theoretical perspective asks "How does religion control and oppress people?"

A) functionalism
B) conflict theory
C) feminism
D) symbolic interactionism
E) theology

Question 78

Those who say secularization is increasing in the United States point to all of the following except

A) attendance at religious services has declined.
B) the percent of Americans who say that they have confidence in organized religion has decreased.
C) over 43 percent of Americans listen to religious radio stations every day.
D) a majority of Americans say that religion and political matters should be separate.
E) the number of Americans who say that religion is important in their lives has declined.

Question 79

Around the world,_____ rituals are the most elaborate.

A) birth
B) marriage
C) puberty
D) death
E) none of the above

Question 80

Which major theoretical perspective asks "How does religion differ within and across societies?"

A) functionalism
B) conflict theory
C) feminism
D) symbolic interactionism
E) theology