Deck 12: Gender and Health

Question 1

In 2009, approximately_______percent of the U.S, population was medically uninsured.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 25

Answer 1

15

Question 2

The following factors affect one's access to healthcare in the U.S.:

A) race
B) sex
C) socioeconomic status
D) all of the above

Answer 2

all of the above

Question 3

Which is a significant factor in the life expectancies of African Americans?

A) age
B) ethnicity
C) sexual orientation
D) sex

Answer 3

sex

Question 4

Women in abusive intimate relationships maybe reluctant to insist that their intimate partner wear a condom during sex because they

A) fear that their partner will react with greater anger
B) fear that their partner will react with greater aggression in a situation that already involves unwanted forced sex
C) are not concerned about pregnancy or disease
D) both a and b

Question 5

Which of the following groups of people has the highest mortality rate?

A) White men
B) Black men
C) White women
D) Black women

Question 6

Regarding the relationship between marriage and health, marriage has a

A) positive impact on health for men.
B) positive impact on health for women.
C) positive impact on health for both men and women.
D) negative impact on health for men.

Question 7

The primary cause of death for women is

A) cancer.
B) heart disease.
C) suicide.
D) diabetes.

Question 8

African Americans' higher rate of coronary heart disease appears to be at least partially related to

A) job stresses they confront.
B) higher employment rates of women.
C) an overuse of health care services.
D) none of the above; African Americans do not have higher rates of coronary heart disease.

Question 9

Women employed outside the home

A) have higher rates of heart disease than full-time homemakers.
B) have higher rates of heart disease than employed men.
C) appear to be healthier than nonemployed women.
D) none of the above

Question 10

In recent years, workplaces have adopted exclusionary policies to keep women from hazardous areas. These policies have

A) successfully eliminated hazardous working conditions for women.
B) protected women and their offspring from hazards.
C) served as a vehicle for sex discrimination.
D) Both A and B are correct.

Question 11

Which of the following contributes to a higher accidental death rate for men than women?

A) reckless driving
B) excessive drinking
C) differential gender socialization
D) all of the above

Question 12

What is the leading cause of death for Black males aged 15-24?

A) suicide
B) homicide
C) cancer
D) heart disease

Question 13

With regard to the contraction of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), the riskiest form of sexual contact is

A) anal sex.
B) oral sex.
C) vaginal sex.
D) mutual masturbation.

Question 14

Women who contract AIDS

A) tend to be homosexual.
B) are disproportionately minority women.
C) typically contract it through heterosexual sex.
D) only B and C above.
E) all of the above.

Question 15

The illness rate of a given population is the

A) mortality rate.
B) life expectancy.
C) morbidity rate.
D) contagion rate.

Question 16

Women's higher morbidity rates for acute illnesses and chronic conditions

A) are probably related to their longer life expectancy.
B) are artifacts of physicians' better care of female patients.
C) are products of their unique hormonal make up.
D) reflect their greater hypochondria.

Question 17

During the 19th and early 20th centuries, wealthy White women were especially susceptible to illness. This phenomenon

A) can be explained by genetic deficiencies.
B) was shared by poor and immigrant women also.
C) was the result of real symptoms being caused by "stylishness."
D) was unexplainable by medical doctors of the period.

Question 18

With regard to the sex distribution of workers in the health care industry women constitute

A) the majority of workers.
B) one half of all physicians.
C) the majority of obstetricians and gynecologists.
D) the majority of medical school faculty members.

Question 19

Recent research comparing male and female physicians' care of female patients shows that

A) male physicians are more cautious than female physicians in that they order on average significantly more tests, such as mammograms and pap smears.
B) female physicians tend to care for female patients better than male physicians do.
C) male physicians are favored by female patients.
D) there is no difference between male and female physicians in the care they give to female patients.

Question 20

All of the following are goals of the feminist health care movement EXCEPT to

A) educate women about health care issues.
B) open clinics to help women.
C) directly challenge the economic organization of society.
D) influence public policy concerning health care.

Question 21

One problem with the feminist health care movement is that

A) clinics often face funding difficulty.
B) clinics can usually only provide limited services.
C) it is isolated from mainstream medical practices.
D) only A and B above
E) only A and C above

Question 22

In sports,

A) women have been encouraged to participate directly in contact games and exercise.
B) serious female competitors are frequently stigmatized as "unfeminine."
C) women have more opportunities than men since they have special roles, such as cheerleader.
D) women and men can now be considered equal in terms of the amount of money spent on their athletic programs.

Question 23

Title IX of the Education Amendments Act

A) bars women from competing on men's athletic teams.
B) prohibits sex discrimination in sports.
C) legitimizes the allotment of more federal money to men's sports than women's sports.
D) both A and B above

Question 24

Recent studies of the media's sports coverage indicates that

A) women receive only about 50 percent of televised sports news coverage.
B) women athletes promote a kind of "orthodox masculinity."
C) when female athletes are highlighted in the media it is typically as either sex objects or as victims.
D) all of the above

Question 25

The identification of mental illness

A) is often predicated on gender stereotypes.
B) may be affected by a patient's sex, but not her or his race.
C) appears to be based on stereotyped images of femininity, but not masculinity.
D) is unrelated to sex or gender.

Question 26

Men who deviate from traditional norms of masculinity

A) are rewarded by the mental health care system.
B) run the risk of being labeled mentally ill.
C) are perceived positively by mental health professionals but not by the general public.
D) rarely elicit a response, either positive or negative, from mental health professionals.

Question 27

Mental health professionals are

A) more likely to label homosexuals than heterosexuals as healthy.
B) more likely to diagnose men than women as depressed.
C) less likely to label women than men as anorectic.
D) less likely to diagnose Blacks than Whites as violent.

Question 28

Research indicates that __________ have the highest rates of depression of any group.

A) minority men
B) minority women
C) White men
D) White women

Question 29

Married men have higher rates of

A) depression than married women.
B) mental illness than married women.
C) depression than never-married men.
D) none of the above

Question 30

High rates of depression among minority women are best explained by the

A) learned helplessness hypothesis.
B) matriarchal household hypothesis.
C) social status hypothesis.
D) ritualized aggression hypothesis.

Question 31

A person who exhibits a histrionic personality may also exhibit a "conversion reaction" which is

A) changing negative behavior to positive in the presence of an authority figure.
B) a fear of open spaces.
C) experiencing illness that has no apparent organic cause.
D) behaving violently toward religious figures.

Question 32

With respect to alcohol consumption

A) men outnumber women among heavy drinkers.
B) men are more likely than women to drink alone or in private.
C) female heavy drinkers are shown more tolerance than male heavy drinkers.
D) employed women tend to engage in more stress-related drinking than nonemployed women.
E) all of the above

Question 33

Evidence with respect to illicit drug use shows that

A) women usually introduce men to drugs.
B) females are more likely to be habitual users than males.
C) male and female patterns of use are now converging.
D) there appear to be no sex differences in terms of pressure to try illicit drugs; both males and females are influenced by male peers.

Question 34

Research indicates that women who enter drug/alcohol treatment

A) receive less support from their families and friends than men who enter treatment.
B) have little difficulty finding programs that will accept them if they are pregnant.
C) are more likely than men to report that they have friends and family who will support them during the treatment process.
D) both B and C above

Question 35

Studies indicate that more women than men are addicted to

A) heroin.
B) legally prescribed marijuana.
C) prescription drugs.
D) alcohol.

Question 36

Relative to obese women, obese men

A) suffer more negative consequences for being obese.
B) are more stigmatized for deviating from cultural norms of physical attractiveness.
C) are less likely to lose socioeconomic status as a result of their obesity.
D) all of the above

Question 37

With regard to the physical weight of men and women

A) men tend to be more obese than women.
B) poor minority men are the most overweight group.
C) women tend to overestimate their actual weight.
D) men tend to overestimate their actual weight.

Question 38

__________ engage in eating large quantities of food, and then purge themselves by vomiting or using laxatives.

A) Chronic dieters
B) Bulimics
C) Anorexics
D) Obese people

Question 39

The rates of diagnosed anorexia are higher among

A) young men.
B) middle-aged women.
C) middle- and upper-class White women.
D) members of racial minority groups.

Question 40

The traditional model of mental health treatment involves all of the following EXCEPT:

A) psychoanalysis.
B) behavior modification.
C) drug therapy.
D) shock therapy.

Question 41

Sexual abuse of patients by therapists

A) is relatively rare.
B) often induces reactions in the patients similar to those of incest victims.
C) tend to be perpetrated against young males in particular.
D) is most effectively deterred by threats of malpractice suits.

Question 42

Feminist therapists

A) try to establish egalitarian relationships with their clients.
B) discourage clients from taking an active role in therapy.
C) focus on clients' interpersonal difficulties to locate the source or cause of their psychological problems.
D) emphasizes individual change rather than institutional reform.

Question 43

Men have increasingly used plastic surgery and other methods to conform to our society's idealized image of male attractiveness.

Question 44

Access to health care is limited for a limited segment of the U.S. population.

Question 45

Women suffer more negative consequences from being obese than men do.

Question 46

The average woman can expect to live six years longer than the average man.

Question 47

Men smoke more than women and this contributes to higher rates of heart disease and other health problems.

Question 48

Available data show that 95% of those afflicted with AIDS are homosexual men.

Question 49

The number of newly-reported AIDS cases has gone down in recent years.

Question 50

The number of midwives decreased after 1900 because of their association with witchcraft.

Question 51

The rate of caesarean births in the U.S. has been deemed medically appropriate by the Centers for Disease Control.

Question 52

Recent studies show that most physicians do not respond as quickly to female patients' symptoms of heart disease as they do to male patients' symptoms.

Question 53

The authors of your book argue that some mental disorders are related to cultural stereotypes regarding gender.

Question 54

Stereotypical feminine behavior is assumed by many clinicians to be the norm of mental health for all women.

Question 55

About half of American women use psychotropic drugs.

Question 56

Men are more likely than women to suffer cross-addictions.

Question 57

Lesbians are more likely to engage in heavy drinking.

Question 58

Diagnoses of eating disorders are increasing among minority women and gay men.

Question 59

Discuss various causes of death that are gender-specific. Have there been any changes in recent years as a result of changing gender norms in U.S. society?

Question 60

What is AIDS? What are the major ways it can be transmitted?

Question 61

How has women's normal biological functioning been medicalized? Provide specific examples and discuss the consequences of this medicalization.

Question 62

Discuss the traditional doctor-patient relationship and the implications this has for women and men as patients and practitioners.

Question 63

Discuss eating disorders in relation to traditional gender expectations for men and women.

Question 64

Explain how beauty norms in our society are both racially and gender "normed."
What are the consequences of this "norming"
for those who do not "measure up"?

Question 65

Discuss how the mental health system in the United States has historically rewarded conformity to traditional norms.

Question 66

The U.S. health care system has been called "racist, sexist, and class-biased."
Based on your understanding of the chapter, argue either for or against this allegation.

Question 67

Discuss the relationship between women involved in abusive intimate relationships and HIV/AIDS. What has research revealed about the intersection of abusive relationships and HIV/AIDS?

Question 68

Discuss how sex and gender relations affect healthcare status and how they interact with other factors -- social class, race and ethnicity, age, sexual orientation -- to shape healthcare status.