Deck 4: Sensation and Perception

Question 1

Sensation is the process of _____ raw sensory data from the internal and external world and transmitting it to the brain.

A) detecting, converting, and transmitting
B) selecting and organizing
C) detecting and organizing
D) selecting, receiving, and organizing

Answer 1

detecting, converting, and transmitting

Question 2

The process by which your visual receptors are stimulated and information is sent along the optic nerve to the occipital lobe is called _____.

A) sensation
B) perception
C) transformation
D) coding

Answer 2

coding

Question 3

Through a process called _____________, sensory stimuli are interpreted as distinct sensations because their neural impulses travel to different parts of the brain.

A) transduction
B) organization
C) coding
D) sensory reduction

Answer 3

coding

Question 4

If you stubbed your toe, how could you apply the gate-control theory of pain to keep your toe from hurting?

A) You could do jumping jacks.
B) You could count to 10.
C) You could swear up a blue streak.
D) You could rub the toe that hurts.

Question 5

Phantom limb pain is believed to be caused by "static" that arises in the spinal cord area responsible for pain signaling. What happens when an amputee is fitted with a prosthetic limb?

A) The pain generally disappears.
B) The pain becomes a dull ache.
C) The pain becomes an itch.
D) The pain becomes a tickle.

Question 6

AC circuit wavelengths are _____ visible light wavelengths.

A) longer than
B) shorter than
C) the same size as
D) both a and b

Question 7

The full spectrum includes what range of light visible to humans?

A) 400-800 nm
B) 300-1000 nm
C) 400-1500 nm
D) ultraviolet waves

Question 8

Both light waves and sound waves vary in ____________.

A) wavelength
B) frequency
C) range
D) a and c

Question 9

Small-range sounds produce ________ sounds.

A) less complex
B) more complex
C) louder
D) higher pitched

Question 10

The ____________ reverses an image from left to right and top to bottom as it is projected onto the retina.

A) lens
B) iris
C) fovea
D) pupil

Question 11

Rods and cones generate neural impulses that send their messages to the brain via _____________________ cells.

A) ganglion and bipolar
B) vitreous humor
C) sclera
D) retinal blood vessel

Question 12

The malleus, incus, and stapes are also called _____.

A) the auditory bones
B) the middle ear bones
C) the hammer, anvil, and stirrup
D) b and c

Question 13

The cochlea contains ___________ which send(s) messages through the auditory nerve to the areas of the brain that are responsible for interpreting auditory information.

A) hair cells
B) fluid
C) basilar membrane
D) auditory vessicles

Question 14

Loudness of sound is measured in the unit called __________.

A) hertz
B) decibel
C) frequency
D) timbre

Question 15

Conduction deafness is also known as _________.

A) inner-ear deafness
B) cochlear deafness
C) nerve deafness
D) middle-ear deafness

Question 16

________ deafness involves damage to the cochlea, hair cells, and/or auditory nerve.

A) Conduction
B) Middle-ear
C) Temporary
D) Nerve

Question 17

Sounds between _____ _____ db are dangerous upon prolonged exposure.

A) 90 and 130
B) 100 and 200
C) 130 and 180
D) 150 and 200

Question 18

Your cell phone could ring in class without your instructor hearing it because ______________.

A) the volume is too low for adults to hear
B) the ringtone frequency is too high for adults to hear
C) you sit farther away from the instructor
D) the frequency is too low for adults to hear

Question 19

Our sense of taste is also known as _____________.

A) gustation
B) kinesthesis
C) the chemical sense
D) olfaction

Question 20

Why may an American child consider raw fish and chicken feet "yucky," whereas a Japanese child may consider it a normal part of the diet?

A) The American child may not have been exposed to as many foods as the Japanese child, due to cultural differences.
B) The American child likes sugar more than the Japanese child.
C) The American child's taste buds are replaced more quickly than the Japanese child's.
D) The American child dislikes bitter tastes more than the Japanese child does.

Question 21

According to your text, the "cold" receptors on our skin detect ____.

A) cold
B) hot
C) pressure
D) a and b

Question 22

Gymnasts depend greatly on their ____ sense(s) to maintain balance and coordination.

A) vestibular
B) kinesthetic
C) postural
D) a and b

Question 23

The sense of balance, or body orientation and position in respect to gravity and 3-D space, is called the ____.

A) kinesthetic sense
B) vestibular sense
C) cochlear sense
D) postural sense

Question 24

Bodily posture, orientation, and movement information is provided to the brain by the _____ sense(s).

A) kinesthetic
B) vestibular
C) balance
D) a and b

Question 25

Kinesthetic receptors are located _____.

A) in the semicircular canals
B) throughout the muscles, joints, and tendons of the body
C) in the occipital lobe of the brain.
D) In the extremities

Question 26

The process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory data into usable mental representations of the world is called ____.

A) perceptual accuracy
B) illusory perception
C) perception
D) sensory perception

Question 27

The Ponzo illusion occurs because ___________.

A) none of these are correct
B) people in urban areas misjudge the size of the lines because of the structural architecture they are exposed to
C) the converging lines provide depth cues telling you that the top dark, horizontal, line is farther away than the bottom line and therefore much larger
D) this is not an illusion

Question 28

We tend to focus our attention on stimuli that are ____________.

A) constant
B) novel
C) changing
D) b and c

Question 29

The operant organizational principle that governs our ability to focus on one particular voice at a noisy party or to distinguish between figure and ground when viewing a picture is called a ____________ principle.

A) Freudian
B) grounding
C) focal
D) Gestalt

Question 30

Which Gestalt principle is demonstrated by the diagram below?

A) continuity
B) similarity
C) contiguity
D) proximity

Question 31

Someone who has vision in only one eye can no longer use _____ as a cue for the perception of depth and distance.

A) accommodation
B) retinal disparity
C) motion parallax
D) aerial perspective

Question 32

The convergence of your eyes is a binocular cue based on _____.

A) your brain's ability to converge signals from eyes into a signal image
B) the amount of muscular strain required to turn your eyes inward when focusing on closer objects
C) brain development formed from the visual cortex
D) adaptation and accommodation of the visual cortex

Question 33

An example of ____________ would be that while riding in a car you notice that telephone poles near you are passing by very quickly, whereas telephone poles in the distance are passing by much more slowly.

A) motion parallax
B) relative motion
C) speed perception
D) motion parallax and relative motion

Question 34

A young child would not yet have developed the principle of ____________ if she thinks her daddy is getting smaller and smaller as he walks away from her.

A) size consistency
B) perceptual differences
C) optical illusions
D) retinal disparity

Question 35

In the Ames room, people appear to grow larger or smaller as they walk from one side of the room to the other because _________________.

A) retinal disparity occurs
B) accommodation cannot be determined without movement by the people
C) people's expectations of the room being square in shape are violated
D) there are no reference cues to judge the height of people

Question 36

The picture of the woman that switches between a young woman looking over her shoulder and an old woman consists of stable ____ but discrepant ____.

A) perceptual data; interpretations
B) perceptions; sensations
C) sensory data; interpretations
D) interpretations; perceptions

Question 37

You have been talking with someone online and would like to send a picture of yourself. Since you want to be considered attractive, which of the following factors explains why you should send a picture of yourself alone rather than one that includes your gorgeous roommate standing next to you?

A) personal motivation
B) expectation
C) frame of reference
D) referential perception

Question 38

An example of _____________ would be that even though you have not placed every piece of a puzzle in its correct location, you recognize the overall scene of the puzzle.

A) top-down
B) bottom-up
C) vertical
D) horizontal

Question 39

Which of the following is a criticism of research on extrasensory perception?

A) Data have been falsified in some cases.
B) There is lack of stability.
C) There is lack of replicability.
D) b and c

Question 40

Why do so many people believe in ESP, despite evidence to the contrary?

A) Genetics affect their perceptions.
B) They selectively attend to supportive data.
C) Strong emotional responses are generated.
D) b and c

Question 41

Belief in ESP is believed to be associated with _____.

A) the fallacy of positive instances
B) critical thinking
C) noncritical thinking
D) a and c