Deck 23: Coping With Change in the New Industrial ERA, 1830-1870

Question 1

Which type of immigration declined dramatically in the nineteenth century?

A) voluntary
B) economic
C) political
D) forced

Answer 1

forced

Question 2

The Atlantic slave trade-the transporting of enslaved Africans to the Americas-reached its numerical peak in what decade?

A) 1780s
B) 1820s
C) 1840s
D) 1870s

Answer 2

1780s

Question 3

Which government outlawed slavery both at home and in overseas possessions in 1794?

A) Portugal
B) Britain
C) France
D) the United States

Answer 3

France

Question 4

Which of the following is one of the reasons the U.S. outlawed slave imports in 1807?

A) high fertility rates among slaves in the U.S.
B) a requirement of Article I of the U.S. Constitution
C) decreased profitability of plantation agriculture
D) high tariffs that gradually made the trade too expensive

Question 5

When did the United States abolish slavery?

A) 1833
B) 1848
C) 1865
D) 1880

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT true of European trans-oceanic immigrants to the Americas?

A) Most emigrated voluntarily.
B) They had the freedom to move from place to place.
C) Most returned to Europe for one reason or another.
D) Some traveled regularly back and forth for seasonal work.

Question 7

What location was the largest frontier of permanent European migration in 1800?

A) the U.S.
B) Canada
C) Siberia
D) Australia

Question 8

Which of the following does NOT describe a development that underlay European migrations?

A) Commercial agriculture required movable labor.
B) New, reliable means of travel were available.
C) Europe experienced a population boom.
D) European economic conditions remained stable.

Question 9

In the 1880s, Jews deserted Russia to escape

A) a potato famine.
B) revolution.
C) pogroms.
D) None of these answers is correct.

Question 10

Which of the following was NOT one of the largest southern Native American groups still living east of the Mississippi?

A) Cocopah
B) Cherokee
C) Choctaw
D) Creek

Question 11

Which Native American group rebelled in 1835 rather than relocate to Oklahoma, and fought an insurgent war against the U.S. for seven years?

A) Cherokee
B) Seminole
C) Pawnee
D) Shoshone

Question 12

The prairies west and south of the Plata River are known as

A) gauchos.
B) papyrus.
C) boleros.
D) pampas.

Question 13

The initial immigrants to Australia were primarily

A) condemned criminals.
B) British officials, military officers, and merchants.
C) free European farmers.
D) gold prospectors.

Question 14

The Aborigines of Australia regarded land as

A) free for the taking.
B) a private right.
C) community property.
D) both private and community property.

Question 15

What development in 1861 eventually propelled hundreds of thousands of immigrants into Siberia?

A) the discovery of gold
B) the emancipation of Russian serfs
C) one-sided treaties favoring Russia
D) new mine, rail, and commercial farm enterprises

Question 16

The great majority of Asian migrants went to areas where

A) small permanent minority communities already existed.
B) the African slave trade was growing.
C) new manufacturing enterprises were being built.
D) commercial export agriculture was expanding.

Question 17

The great majority of immigrants from South and East Asia were male. When would labor importers encourage females to immigrate too?

A) when they wanted permanent settlements
B) when the profits from prostitution were high
C) when domestic labor was in greatest demand
D) when there were not enough male "volunteers"

Question 18

Which of the following was a method used by plantation owners in tropical America to satisfy their labor needs during the decline and eventual end of slavery?

A) forcing newly freed slaves to work for them
B) hiring contract workers from Asia, often under slave-like conditions
C) contracting with the British for penal settlements
D) purchasing slaves "sold down the river" in the southern U.S.

Question 19

In the mid-nineteenth century, Brazilian merchants moved about one million slaves from ________ plantations to expanding ________-growing regions in the south.

A) coffee; indigo
B) indigo; tobacco
C) tobacco; sugar
D) sugar; coffee

Question 20

How were the Pacific basin's 25,000 islands initially colonized?

A) by European mariners who opened mines, plantations, and Christian missions
B) initially, by sailors who were blown off-course and discovered new lands
C) gradual settlement by Polynesian speakers in outrigger canoes
D) a great migration of Maori who spread out from what is now New Zealand

Question 21

What Pacific island people in New Zealand suffered extreme population loss after exposure to unfamiliar infectious diseases?

A) the Maori
B) Australian Aborigines
C) the Tonga
D) the Kanaka Maoli

Question 22

After 1820, what port emerged as the key mid-ocean transshipment center in the Pacific?

A) San Francisco
B) Honolulu
C) Midway Island
D) Pitcairn

Question 23

What two ideologies held great appeal for capitalists, governing elites, and affluent urbanites in the nineteenth century?

A) conservatism and nationalism
B) nationalism and liberalism
C) liberalism and republicanism
D) republicanism and conservatism

Question 24

What section of the political spectrum contended that a strict social hierarchy and a state-sanctioned church should be preserved?

A) liberals
B) conservatives
C) republicans
D) nationalists

Question 25

Identify the elaborate statement of socialist principles written by Karl Marx.

A) The Scientific Socialist
B) The Second Treatise of Government
C) The Communist Manifesto
D) The Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations

Question 26

Marx argued that in the modern era, industrial capitalists had replaced ________ as the dominant class.

A) slave owners and estate lords
B) the aristocracy and the church
C) monarchs and other autocrats
D) the proletariat and bourgeoisie

Question 27

The Declaration of Sentiments demanded what social change?

A) suffrage for racial minorities
B) abolishment of slavery
C) alcohol prohibition
D) female enfranchisement

Question 28

Which of the following were NOT part of the alliance that achieved Greek independence in 1830?

A) middle-class merchants
B) the British navy
C) mountain chieftains
D) Ottoman Turks

Question 29

In 1848 street fighting broke out in Paris, and King ________ abdicated after the army failed to quash the insurrection.

A) Charles X
B) Louis-Philippe
C) Louis XIV
D) Pierre II

Question 30

In 1867 Franz-Joseph agreed to a power-sharing arrangement that retained him as head-of-state but granted both Austria and Hungary their own parliament. What was this arrangement called?

A) the Austro-Hungarian empire
B) the Bi-Cameral Union
C) the Grand Compromise
D) the Dual Monarchy

Question 31

The military, technical, and administrative reforms of Muslim lands occurred because their political elites wished to

A) protect the status quo from internal revolutions.
B) stave off European diplomatic and commercial pressures.
C) project Muslim power in the Counter-Crusade.
D) halt socialist reform movements.

Question 32

Which state among the Muslim states launched the most ambitious modernizing experiment?

A) the Tanzimat
B) Egypt
C) the Ottoman empire
D) Algeria

Question 33

For almost two decades, ________ led the resistance in Algeria against French forces.

A) Abd al-Qadir
B) a Turkish cavalry general
C) Muhammad al-Saffar
D) Mulay Abd al-Rahman

Question 34

After Latin American states gained independence from Spain, and Portugal withdrew its control, the only South American state to remain a monarchy was

A) Peru.
B) Ecuador.
C) Colombia.
D) Brazil.

Question 35

Across Latin America, the period from 1830 to 1860 was the age of the

A) gauchos.
B) caudillos.
C) mestizos.
D) guerillas.

Question 36

All of the following were liberal reforms that occurred in most Latin American countries EXCEPT

A) reductions in the power of the church.
B) the writing of new constitutions.
C) full citizenship for females.
D) increased free trade.

Question 37

With what church or religious movement did Polish nationalism identify?

A) the Roman Catholic Church
B) the Orthodox Church
C) the Protestant Church
D) the Polish Reform Church

Question 38

Which of the following was a trend that allowed religious ideas to circulate wider and faster?

A) steam-powered travel
B) the "disestablishment" of religious organizations
C) the protection of freedom of worship
D) the freedom to hand-print religious texts

Question 39

Which of the following was NOT a modern social issue that church organizations championed?

A) slave abolition
B) universal suffrage
C) education
D) poor relief

Question 40

The Jewish ________ was a reform movement that urged Jews to integrate themselves into the social and cultural mainstream.

A) Reformation
B) Exodus
C) Enlightenment
D) Sabbatical

Question 41

The feeling of unity among all Muslims as a "community of believers" is also known as the

A) caliph.
B) sharia.
C) halaqa.
D) umma.

Question 42

What is the religious ideology of the modern kingdom of Saudi Arabia?

A) Sufism
B) Sunnism
C) Shi'ism
D) Wahhabism

Question 43

Which of the following statements about the rebellion led by Usuman dan Fodio in the early nineteenth century is accurate?

A) Women were not allowed to play any role in the rebellion.
B) The rebellion embraced Sufi tradition.
C) The rebellion aimed to strengthen Muslim tradition by incorporating local folk beliefs.
D) Ultimately the rebellion was unsuccessful at changing the political or religious map of West Africa.

Question 44

The War of the Triple Alliance (1864-1870) took place on what continent?

A) Europe
B) South America
C) Asia
D) Africa

Question 45

Which of the following was NOT a new technology or technique seen in the Crimean War?

A) long-range muskets
B) field telegraphs
C) photography
D) massive artillery barrages

Question 46

Which of the following was a member of the Triple Alliance?

A) Paraguay
B) Chili
C) Argentina
D) Bolivia

Question 47

What dynasty was challenged in the Taiping Rebellion?

A) Han
B) Qing
C) Tang
D) Ming

Question 48

One of the results of the Indian Rebellion was

A) the dissolving of the East India Company.
B) the assumption of direct control of the Indian colony by the British government.
C) greater exploitation of India's resources.
D) All these answers are correct.

Question 49

What was the second bloodiest internal conflict of the middle-nineteenth-century wars?

A) the Taiping Rebellion
B) the Indian Rebellion
C) the American Civil War
D) the Crimean War

Question 50

The American Civil War ultimately shifted the balance of power in the United States in favor of the

A) northern states.
B) federal government.
C) state governments.
D) owners of the means of production.

Question 51

Identify some of the countries that outlawed slavery in the eighteenth century. Was slavery legal in the United States? Explain why or why not.

Question 52

What Indian group in Florida refused to be relocated to Oklahoma? Explain how they resisted the attempts of the federal government to relocate them.

Question 53

What animals living in the Pacific Ocean were hunted to the point of near extinction? What products did they provide that made them so valuable?

Question 54

Describe Claude Henri de Saint-Simon's thoughts on aristocratic privilege, wealth, and free market competition.

Question 55

Discuss how the Ottoman empire sought to modernize its education system.

Question 56

Explain how the global trends of the era eroded the political power of the church.

Question 57

Why did the Ottomans, British, and French invade the Crimean Peninsula in 1854?