Deck 14: The Developing Countries of the Global South

Question 1

The poorest and least economically developed region in the world is

A) Central America.
B) South and Central Asia.
C) sub-Saharan Africa.
D) North Africa.
E) East Asia.

Answer 1

sub-Saharan Africa.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT an obstacle to development in many developing countries?

A) Corruption
B) New agricultural technologies
C) Internal disorder
D) Overpopulation
E) Geopolitical vulnerability

Answer 2

New agricultural technologies

Question 3

The term neocolonialism refers to

A) cultural exchanges between developed and developing countries.
B) the global competition for scarce resources.
C) efforts to transfer technology to developing countries.
D) unconditional aid to Global South states from the developed countries.
E) control of the economic resources of developing countries by the developed countries.

Answer 3

control of the economic resources of developing countries by the developed countries.

Question 4

The International Monetary Fund is

A) a consortium of banks that monitors the behavior of global lenders and debtors.
B) a pool of foreign aid funds provided by wealthy donor nations.
C) an agency of the United Nations that provides economic assistance to Global South countries.
D) another name for the World Bank.
E) an organization that facilitates the global exchange of currencies.

Question 5

In which region did European values and structures penetrate least during colonialism?

A) Latin America
B) Asia
C) North Africa and the Middle East
D) Sub-Saharan Africa
E) Penetration was about the same in all four regions.

Question 6

According to the Freedom House (2011) analysis, the highest proportion of "free" countries is in

A) Latin America and the Caribbean.
B) the Islamic Middle East and North Africa.
C) sub-Saharan Africa.
D) Asia.
E) all four regions listed have similar proportions of free countries.

Question 7

From 2000-2009, the lowest average annual rates of GDP per capita growth were in

A) Latin America.
B) South Asia.
C) the Islamic Middle East and North Africa.
D) sub-Saharan Africa.
E) all four areas listed above have virtually the same rates.

Question 8

According to SIPRI (2011), in which region of the Global South has military spending increased most rapidly?

A) East Asia.
B) The Middle East.
C) West Asia.
D) South America.
E) North Africa.

Question 9

The majority of recent United Nations peacekeeping actions in developing countries

A) have been to limit interstate wars.
B) have been in sub-Saharan Africa.
C) have been in South Asia.
D) have been attempts to replace dictatorial leaders.
E) have been a response to internal political instability.

Question 10

was About what proportion of the world's poor live in rural areas?

A) 40 percent.
B) 50 percent.
C) 60 percent.
D) 70 percent.
E) 80 percent.

Question 11

By the late 1980s, a key economic strategy of most developing countries was

A) to emphasize agricultural self-sufficiency.
B) neoliberalism.
C) to prevent further investment by multinational corporations.
D) import substitution.
E) more extensive borrowing.

Question 12

Microcredit in developing countries has

A) enabled banks to resist pressure from the International Monetary Fund.
B) increased the level of debt of developing countries to Western banks.
C) enabled many poor people to start small businesses.
D) increased the pressure to import goods.
E) reduced the pressure to export goods.

Question 13

"Conditionalities" is a term in economic relations that usually means that

A) conditions are specified by developing countries for foreign investors.
B) import quotas and tariffs are imposed.
C) conditions are specified for microcredit loans.
D) a developing country's economy depends on the quality of its export products.
E) developing countries are required to implement the policy demands of the IMF in return for foreign loans and investment.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a challenge to stability?

A) Higher demands and expectations by citizens
B) Loss of confidence in political leadership
C) Cultural cleavages
D) Reliance on foreign loans
E) Political leaders who accept limited mandates

Question 15

Revolutionary socialist regimes

A) place the highest priority on social development.
B) have minimal commitment to resource equality.
C) provide a very limited political role for the large majority of the population.
D) emphasize democratic politics.
E) encourage entrepreneurial firms.

Question 16

The cases of Nigeria and Philippines in the Compare in 14 particularly emphasize

A) the benefits of charismatic leadership.
B) the evolution to constitutional democracies.
C) the costs of war with neighboring countries.
D) the challenges of multiparty systems.
E) such major obstacles to development as corruption and population growth.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT directly attributable to the green revolution?

A) Rising crop yields
B) Rising costs of fertilizers
C) Higher rates of deforestation
D) Greater use of hybrid grains
E) Increased reliance on pesticides

Question 18

Developing countries that rank considerably higher on the HDI than on GDP per capita are

A) likely to be heavily reliant on foreign direct investment.
B) also ranked very low on birth rates.
C) also ranked very low on political violence.
D) likely to have used public policy aggressively to redistribute prosperity.
E) virtually nonexistent.

Question 19

A notable feature of the microcredit loans by the Grameen Bank is

A) more than 90 percent of the loans are to women.
B) most of the loans target farming strategies.
C) the lender cannot discriminate based on ethnicity, religion, or gender.
D) the borrower pays no interest.
E) that there is little pressure to repay the loan.

Question 20

According to the Freedom House (2011) analysis, the lowest proportion of "free" countries is in

A) Latin America and the Caribbean.
B) the Islamic Middle East and North Africa.
C) sub-Saharan Africa.
D) Asia.
E) Eastern Europe.

Question 21

What are the obstacles to development in many countries of the Global South? What seem to be the most appropriate strategies to overcome those obstacles? Why are such strategies not already successful?

Question 22

What is meant by neocolonialism? Does the evidence suggest that relations between the developed countries and the developing countries constitute neocolonialism?

Question 23

Discuss key reasons why the military has often ruled in Global South countries and the conditions under which it come to power.

Question 24

Specify the political, social, and economic conditions in a real or imaginary state in the Global South. Given those conditions, propose a strategy for achieving some level of economic development and political institutionalization. Describe the obstacles and trade- offs involved.