Deck 6: Psychology II: Motivation and Communication

Question 1

Various theories have been developed to explain how leaders can motivate others without understanding human psychology.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Maslow is known for his contribution called the X, Y, Z theory.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In the hierarchy of needs, higher level needs such as self-esteem must be met before a person can become successful.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Leaders following the Theory Y approach to motivation feel that people are self-directed in their choices if committed to the task.

Question 5

Pavlov is credited with developing a theory that relies heavily on punishment for not accomplishing tasks.

Question 6

An application of the reinforcement theory is that humans will be motivated to accomplish tasks if they determine the outcome has a positive or desirable outcome for them.

Question 7

The advantage of applying a proven theory to motivating people is that is works.

Question 8

Modern theories and techniques of motivation emphasize the importance of communication.

Question 9

Skinner asserted that rewards were a major determinant of behavior and that classical conditioning did not account for the complexities of some learning.

Question 10

According to Vroom, successful leaders can motivate people by selecting the rewards and consequences that the employees expect.

Question 11

The equity theory of motivation, the leader and the employee have equal perceptions of performance.

Question 12

The reinforcement theory suggests that behavior can be shaped by controlling the consequences of that behavior.

Question 13

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which of the following needs must be met before any other needs can be met?

A) Food, shelter, status
B) Safety, shelter, food
C) Recognition and status
D) Job security and creativity
E) Safe work and creativity

Question 14

McGregor's work is noted for its application of

A) Needs in the family unit
B) Needs in both business and family settings
C) Needs in workplace motivation
D) Safety needs at home and at work
E) None of the above fits

Question 15

In the dual factor theory, Herzberg focused on what factor?

A) Job satisfaction
B) Motivation factors
C) Factors such as job security and working conditions
D) Only A and B
E) All of the above

Question 16

Frustration regression hypothesis refers to

A) People settle for a lower level of satisfaction even when the environment supports their growth
B) People who do not get what they want keep trying to succeed
C) An aspect of the ERG theory
D) Understanding workplace dynamics
E) People always work to achieve a higher level of satisfaction

Question 17

Which of the following is not characteristic of grapevine communication?

A) Incomplete, nonverbal interpretation, and quickly moving through an organization
B) Incomplete, mostly correct information, and may contain inaccurate information
C) Insignificant part of an organizations' communication, mostly incorrect, and slow moving
D) Important managerial consideration, informal, and rapidly moving
E) All of the above apply to the grapevine in an organization

Question 18

Which of these is not listed in the text as among the factors that breakdown communication in an organization?

A) Different frames of reference
B) Managerial attention to the informal channels of communication
C) Time constraints
D) Semantic problems in communicating
E) Filtering

Question 19

Listening, an important factor in facilitation, includes which of the following strategies?

A) Ignoring the speaker's non-verbal cues
B) Judging the speaker's ideas as they are spoken
C) Appreciating the emotion of the speaker's words
D) Reacting to the person, not the words spoken
E) Not asking questions for clarification

Question 20

Interference or noise in communication

A) Can distract the listener from understanding the message
B) Can be intentional or unintentional
C) Can be related to the lack non-verbal cues in a conversation over the phone
D) Can be physical noise or non-sound factors
E) All of the above

Question 21

Unintentional communication helps an organization when

A) It brings additional and useful meaning to an intended communication
B) It conflicts with the message of the intended communication
C) Creates unrealistic expectations
D) Creates a concern for employees' job satisfaction
E) None of the above fit

Question 22

Examples of downward feedback include

A) Performance evaluation memos sent directly to employees
B) Performance evaluations
C) Policies
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 23

Theory X assumes people

A) Are motivated by attaining higher order needs such as creativity
B) Basically like to have work to do
C) Have ambition that will motivate them to perform better
D) Will take the path of least resistance unless pushed
E) Need an open work environment with few rules and regulations to be productive

Question 24

The Trichotomy of Needs, as proposed by McClelland, assumes

A) A concern for affiliation and place within an organization
B) That people with high affiliation needs make poor decision makers because they need to identify the problem in order to want to solve it
C) Drive is a characteristic of leaders but not followers
D) A concern for the productivity of the organization over individual needs
E) Achievement is not as important unless it is manifested in salary and status

Question 25

Theory Y assumes people

A) Are motivated by attaining higher order needs such as creativity
B) Basically like to have work to do
C) Have ambition that will motivate them to perform better
D) Do not need controlled environments to be productive
E) All of the above

Question 26

Vroom's Expectancy Theory discusses which three motivational factors?

A) Safety, salary, and rewards
B) Anticipation, reward, and punishment
C) Expectancy, instrumentality, and valance
D) Reinforcement, reward, and punishment
E) Reward, security, and self-awareness

Question 27

Adams's Equity Theory promotes

A) Comparison to the leader's values and actions
B) Looking at objective data like number of projects completed in determining raises
C) Perceptions about how others behave and are rewarded
D) Tolerance of inequitable rewards
E) None of the above fit

Question 28

Define and give an example of classical conditioning other than the one given in the text (dogs and the bell and then food).

Question 29

Give an example of what would be regarded by McClelland as a motivation for power in an employee's behavior.

Question 30

Why are the needs for growth and creativity at the higher end of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Question 31

Herzberg's Dual Factor Theory discusses the relationship between what two sets of factors? Give an example within each factor.

Question 32

Expectancy theory focuses on what three components?

Question 33

Describe what you would consider a supportive communication climate in an organization you belong to or want to belong.

Question 34

Describe the role of listening in effective leadership communication.

Question 35

How might a manager avoid communication overload within an organization?