Deck 8: Interpersonal Attraction

Question 1

Reed Larson asked people to carry pagers for a week and found that people spend almost ________ their waking hours with others.

A) none of
B) a third of
C) half
D) three quarters of

Answer 1

three quarters of

Question 2

Daniel's parents have passed away and he has no intimate friendships or romantic relationships. Daniel is likely to experience

A) aloneness
B) social loneliness
C) emotional loneliness
D) social inhibition

Answer 2

emotional loneliness

Question 3

Which group of people is NOT at risk for loneliness, according to research?

A) people with low self-esteem
B) children of divorce
C) wealthy people
D) teenagers

Answer 3

wealthy people

Question 4

Research shows that loneliness is lowest among

A) elderly people
B) teenagers
C) young children
D) young adults

Question 5

Attachment serves two major functions for children. One is to provide them with information about the environment. The other is to provide

A) companionship
B) security
C) a social identity
D) attachment serves only one major function

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major styles of attachment between parents and children that was identified by Mary Ainsworth?

A) dependent
B) avoidant
C) anxious/ambivalent
D) secure

Question 7

A person who finds it relatively easy to get close to others and rarely worries about being abandoned is described as having a(n) ________ attachment style.

A) avoidant
B) companionate
C) anxious/ambivalent
D) secure

Question 8

Children's attachment can be explained by

A) learning
B) evolution
C) cognitive processes
D) learning and evolution

Question 9

Hazan and Shaver have argued that childhood attachments are important for adult romantic relationships because they lead to the development of

A) neuroses
B) social skills
C) working models of relationships
D) positive self-views

Question 10

Research on adult attachment indicates that _____% of adults are securely attached.

A) 17
B) 25
C) 59
D) 11

Question 11

Which adult attachment style is associated with jealousy and fear of intimacy, as well as engaging in relatively brief sexual encounters?

A) avoidant
B) anxious/ambivalent
C) arrogant
D) secure

Question 12

A child whose parent is generally unresponsive or rejecting is likely to develop a(n) ________ attachment.

A) dependent
B) avoidant
C) anxious/ambivalent
D) secure

Question 13

In a study of the effects of attachment style on romantic partners' behavior toward one another, researchers told women they would be exposed to an anxiety-provoking situation, and their behavior with their boyfriends was then observed. Women who were securely attached tended to

A) withdraw from their partners as a way of coping with their anxiety
B) seek comfort and reassurance from their partners
C) focus their conversation with their partner on problematic relationship issues
D) talk less and make less eye contact with their partner

Question 14

According to ________ theory, we like people when we perceive our interactions with them to be profitable.

A) social learning
B) reinforcement
C) social exchange
D) social economic

Question 15

In a study by Festinger, Schachter & Back (1950), what was the best predictor of friendship patterns among residents of the large apartment complex called "Westgate West"?

A) physical attractiveness
B) functional distance
C) actual distance
D) similarity

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT an explanation for the effects of proximity on attraction?

A) similarity
B) availability
C) cognitive dissonance
D) reactance

Question 17

Art finds that he instantly dislikes his assigned college roommate, but room changes cannot be made until after the first semester. Cognitive dissonance theory predicts that Art will

A) try to avoid his roommate as much as possible
B) feel increased pressure to like his roommate
C) accept the fact that they are not compatible and make friends elsewhere
D) none of the above

Question 18

The mere exposure effect implies that _____ leads to liking.

A) similarity
B) reinforcement
C) familiarity
D) cognitive consistency

Question 19

Moreland and Beach (1992) had women come to a large lecture class, posing as students. Each woman came to the class a different number of times. The researchers found that other students liked

A) the woman who came least often
B) the woman who was most memorable
C) the woman who was least attractive
D) the woman who came most often

Question 20

The fact that we tend to prefer our own mirror images is evidence for the importance of

A) similarity
B) proximity
C) familiarity
D) association

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a limitation to the mere exposure effect?

A) Exposure does not enhance liking for people initially perceived negatively.
B) Exposure does not enhance liking for family members.
C) Exposure does not enhance liking when people have conflicting needs.
D) Too much exposure can cause boredom.

Question 22

If you must pick your roommate from a list of strangers (complete with biographical information) and you want him or her to become your friend, you would be best advised to pick the person

A) who is most similar to you
B) who has been described as cute
C) with the most money
D) who says they are wanting to make new friends

Question 23

Donn Byrne and his associates developed the _____ to investigate the relationship between attitude similarity and liking.

A) Who am I?
B) phantom-other
C) generalized-other
D) semantic differential

Question 24

Similarity in __________ influences attraction.

A) age
B) ethnic background
C) politics
D) all of the above

Question 25

In dating and marriage, the tendency to choose similar partners is called the _____ principle.

A) matching
B) homogeneity
C) reciprocity
D) compatibility

Question 26

The highest incidence of interracial marriage is where one partner is __________ and one partner is __________.

A) Latino; non-Latino white
B) white; Asian
C) white; black
D) none of the above

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a likely explanation for the effects of similarity on attraction?

A) reward theory
B) cognitive dissonance theory
C) reactance theory
D) expectancy-value theory

Question 28

Selective attraction, social influence, and environmental factors may all explain the tendency of people in a relationship to be

A) physically attractive
B) happy
C) socially skilled
D) similar

Question 29

Which statement about the influence of similarity on attraction is true?

A) Similarity can sometimes be threatening.
B) We generally like those who are more similar to us.
C) Differences between people can be rewarding.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 30

Lynn is a person who is usually positive in her outlook; she generally likes most things. She will likely be perceived as

A) incompetent
B) fickle
C) warm
D) physically attractive

Question 31

Overall, we tend to like competent people unless they appear to be too

A) confident
B) dissimilar to us
C) self-centered
D) perfect

Question 32

In a study by Aronson and colleagues (1966), participants listened to a tape of a student trying out for a quiz show. Results showed that the student was liked best when

A) his performance was mediocre
B) he was competent
C) he was mediocre and accidentally spilled coffee on himself
D) he was competent and accidentally spilled coffee on himself

Question 33

Research on "fatal attractions"
In college student romances has shown that

A) some of the attributes that initially attract partners may eventually drive them
Apart
B) people are likely to overlook many negative qualities and focus only on the positive ones in a partner
C) most negative qualities in a partner develop after the relationship has begun
D) people are aware of a surprising number of negative qualities in their partners
Even early in the relationship

Question 34

People who are physically attractive are

A) somewhat more socially skilled than others
B) seen as more intelligent than others
C) liked more than others
D) all of the above

Question 35

Walster's "computer dance"Study (1966) showed that the best predictor of interpersonal attraction among people on a blind date was

A) physical attractiveness
B) complementarity
C) attributional style
D) intelligence

Question 36

A friend wants to fix you up with a blind date. If you are like the subjects in Walster's classic "computer dance"Study, your first question would be

A) Where is he/she from?
B) What does he/she look like?
C) Would you describe him/her as warm or cold?
D) What does he/she like to do?

Question 37

Which statement about research on how obese people are perceived is FALSE?

A) Obese women are evaluated more harshly than average-weight women, but There is no difference in the evaluations of obese and average-weight men.
B) Overweight women have been found to receive less financial support from their Parents than average-weight women.
C) Obese people are often seen as being responsible for their overweight.
D) Negative evaluations of obese people are primarily directed at obese children,Rather than adults.

Question 38

Anti-fat prejudice tends to be especially strong in __________ cultures.

A) collectivist
B) democratic
C) male-dominated
D) individualist

Question 39

Which statement about the mate preferences of college students is true?

A) People put the most emphasis on having a partner with a similar political and Educational background.
B) People emphasize love and attraction less now than in the past.
C) People placed the most emphasis on having a partner who is dependable and Emotionally mature.
D) People emphasize physical attractiveness less now than in the past.

Question 40

Studies of internet use and its impact on social relations suggest that

A) those who use the internet frequently are much more lonely than those who don't
B) the internet, like the telephone, is a means of social communication, not a substitute for it
C) people who use the internet tend to use it for many hours at a time
D) people find it more difficult to form friendships on-line than in person

Question 41

Women prefer __________ mates and men prefer __________ mates.

A) younger; older
B) older; younger
C) shorter; taller
D) brunette; blond

Question 42

Evidence regarding sex differences in mate preferences is most consistent with

A) a sociocultural explanation
B) a cognitive-developmental explanation
C) an evolutionary explanation
D) an integration of evolutionary and sociocultural approaches

Question 43

Surveys asking, "If a person had all the qualities you desired, would you marry this person if you were not in love?"Have found that

A) more people say no than in the past
B) more women say yes than in the past
C) more men say yes than in the past
D) more men say no, but statistics for women have not changed

Question 44

Beliefs about the importance of love as a basis for marriage have been associated with

A) divorce rates
B) individualism and collectivism
C) economic standards of living
D) all of the above

Question 45

Cross-cultural studies of romantic love find that romantic love is considered a basis for establishing a marriage more in

A) collectivist cultures
B) all cultures
C) individualistic cultures
D) communist cultures

Question 46

What percentage of university students report that their most intense love experience strongly resembled the romantic model of love?

A) 5%
B) 40%
C) 80%
D) 99%

Question 47

One feature that often distinguishes romantic love from friendship is

A) verbal self-disclosure
B) experiencing physical symptoms
C) willingness to make sacrifices for the other
D) verbal statements of affection

Question 48

If Jennifer and Josh are in love, which of the following would they NOT be likely to experience?

A) strong feelings of well-being
B) decreased energy
C) difficulty concentrating
D) physical sensations such as "butterflies in the stomach"

Question 49

The most common reaction to a love experience is:

A) feeling of floating on a cloud
B) wanting to jump, run, and scream
C) a strong feeling of well-being
D) having a great difficulty concentrating

Question 50

Research investigating the behaviors associated with romantic love has shown that

A) many romantic love behaviors are also seen as signs of love for parents, siblings, and same-sex friends
B) there is little consistency in the kinds of behaviors that are associated with romantic love for different people
C) there is little consistency in the pattern of behaviors that couples in love engage in over time
D) none of the above

Question 51

Love that is emotionally volatile and associated with preoccupation with another person is called

A) compassionate love
B) romantic love
C) anxious love
D) passionate love

Question 52

Love that emphasizes trust, caring, and tolerance of the partner's flaws is known as

A) passionate love
B) compassionate love
C) companionate love
D) possessive love

Question 53

Which of the following terms describes the three points of Sternberg's triangular theory of love?

A) consistency, consensus, distinctiveness
B) passion, commitment, intimacy
C) attractiveness, similarity, proximity
D) passionate, companionate, romantic

Question 54

Marcia's husband works in an office with several attractive women. Marcia is most likely to experience jealousy if she

A) is high in self-esteem
B) doesn't depend much on the relationship
C) has few alternatives in her life to her marriage
D) has had thoughts of having an affair herself

Question 55

In today's world, most people spend very little time interacting with other people.

Question 56

Loneliness and aloneness are not the same.

Question 57

Children of divorced parents are at greater risk for loneliness as adults than children from intact families.

Question 58

Loneliness is least common among the elderly.

Question 59

If ostracism reduces our sense of belonging, it may decrease our attention to information about the social environment that might help us to reconnect with other people.

Question 60

Infants become attached to the people with whom they interact most often and most lovingly.

Question 61

Attachments help serve a need for security and provide information about the environment.

Question 62

The three attachment styles identified by Ainsworth are secure, dependent, and avoidant.

Question 63

Adults who seek intimacy but who worry that others won't reciprocate are classified as having an avoidant attachment.

Question 64

In general, securely attached adults tend to be less responsive to their partner's needs.

Question 65

Social exchange theory argues that we are most attracted to people with whom we have positive associations.

Question 66

Probably the best predictor of whether two people are friends is how far apart they live.

Question 67

Expectancy-value theory has been offered as an explanation for the effect of proximity on liking.

Question 68

Simply being exposed frequently to a person can increase our liking for that person.

Question 69

In Zajonc's research on the mere exposure effect, the more often the subjects had seen the picture of a face the more they thought they would like the person.

Question 70

There is probably not an optimal level of exposure to maximize liking.

Question 71

There are large cultural differences in those personal qualities that are considered socially desirable.

Question 72

A competent person is liked best when he or she makes a small blunder.

Question 73

Research shows that the factors that people find appealing in a romantic partner are sometimes the factors that drive couples apart.

Question 74

Attractive children tend to be evaluated as less popular by their peers.

Question 75

In Walster's "computer dance"study, warmth was the most significant variable in whether or not a person liked the person they were assigned.

Question 76

Kernis and Wheeler (1981) found that a target person was rated as more attractive when seen with a very attractive friend.

Question 77

Women are more willing than men to marry someone who is not attractive.

Question 78

Sex differences in mate selection have been found primarily in the United States, but not in other cultures.

Question 79

There are large cultural differences in the association between love and marriage.

Question 80

Companionate love is characterized by strong emotional and sexual feelings.