Deck 10: Enhancing Your Cardiovascular Health

Question 1

Of the following cardiovascular diseases, which causes the most deaths?

A) stroke
B) hypertensive disease
C) congestive heart failure
D) coronary heart disease

Answer 1

coronary heart disease

Question 2

The term vascular refers to

A) the heart.
B) the skeleton.
C) blood vessels.
D) muscles in general.

Answer 2

blood vessels.

Question 3

Which of the following BEST describes the role of capillaries? They

A) distribute arterial blood to the main regions of the body.
B) exchange oxygen, waste, and nutrients with cells.
C) maintain blood pressure in the vascular system.
D) return blood to the heart.

Answer 3

exchange oxygen, waste, and nutrients with cells.

Question 4

Most of the heart's pumping action occurs in the

A) ventricles.
B) septum.
C) aorta.
D) atria.

Question 5

The purpose of the coronary arteries is to

A) supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood.
B) conduct deoxygenated blood to the heart.
C) conduct blood from the heart to the lungs.
D) conduct oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.

Question 6

The heartbeat is triggered by

A) blood pressure sensors connected to the heart valves.
B) oxygen sensors within the lungs.
C) signals from within the heart.
D) signals from the brain.

Question 7

About how many quarts of blood does the average-sized adult's body contain?

A) four
B) five
C) six
D) seven

Question 8

The heart's electrical activity is measured by an instrument called an

A) EEG.
B) EKK.
C) EKG.
D) ECC.

Question 9

The six controllable risk factors for cardiovascular disease are smoking, physical activity, blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, and

A) age.
B) stress.
C) blood cholesterol.
D) alcohol consumption.

Question 10

Which of the following cardiovascular risk factors CANNOT be changed?

A) diabetes
B) high blood pressure
C) heredity
D) high blood cholesterol

Question 11

Women over age 55 experience cardiovascular disease at a _________________ rate to men of the same age.

A) slightly lower
B) much higher
C) much lower
D) similar

Question 12

Of the following, which is a major risk factor in sudden cardiac death?

A) diet
B) stress
C) inactivity
D) smoking

Question 13

The protective mechanism from heart disease women experience prior to menopause is due to

A) a lower overall blood pressure.
B) a lifestyle healthier than that of men.
C) the hormone progesterone.
D) the hormone estrogen.

Question 14

Ellen is thirty-five, inactive, overweight, a smoker, and takes oral contraceptives. The best single thing she can do for her heart health is to

A) stop oral contraceptives.
B) start an exercise program.
C) stop smoking.
D) lose weight.

Question 15

All of the following activities will produce a strong reduction in cardiovascular disease EXCEPT

A) jogging.
B) golfing.
C) swimming.
D) stair climbing.

Question 16

The most beneficial way to lower blood cholesterol is to

A) take cholesterol-reducing drugs and begin an exercise program.
B) start an exercise program and eat a heart-healthy diet.
C) eat a diet rich in phytochemicals and meditate.
D) eat a low-fat diet and take a vitamin supplement.

Question 17

Tom had his blood cholesterol measured. Which of the following would be classified as a desirable blood cholesterol level?

A) less than 200mg/dl
B) 210-220 mg/dl
C) 230-250mg/dl
D) greater than 240 mg/dl

Question 18

According to a recent survey, what percentage of Americans are overweight and obese?

A) just under 26 percent
B) a little over 43 percent
C) a little over 65 percent
D) a little over 55 percent

Question 19

Coronary heart disease is

A) a weakening of the heart valves.
B) a buildup of fluids in the pericardial sac.
C) damage to the blood vessels that supply the heart.
D) a generalized reduction in blood vessel diameter that causes the heart to work harder.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a major form of cardiovascular disease?

A) obesity
B) stroke
C) rheumatic heart disease
D) congenital heart disease

Question 21

The buildup of fatty deposits in coronary arteries that leads to narrowed arteries and blockages is called

A) stroke.
B) hypertension.
C) atherosclerosis.
D) myocardial infarction.

Question 22

A heart attack occurs when

A) the heart becomes unable to push blood through clogged arteries throughout the body.
B) cardiac muscle loses its ability to conduct electrical stimuli.
C) blockages develop in the aorta or pulmonary artery.
D) the heart muscle dies due to lack of oxygen.

Question 23

The death of part of the heart muscle as a result of blockage in one or more of the coronary arteries is known as a

A) myocardial inflammation.
B) congestive heart infarction.
C) myocardial refraction.
D) myocardial infarction.

Question 24

You and a friend are shopping with your teenagers at a mall. You return from a store to find your friend seated stating she is feeling chest pain and dizziness. Despite sitting, these symptoms are not going away. The best thing to do at this moment is to

A) get emergency help.
B) offer her an aspirin before taking other action.
C) observe to see if the symptoms last two minutes.
D) offer her something to eat to see if the symptoms go away.

Question 25

The most common symptom of a heart attack is

A) shortness of breath.
B) dizziness.
C) chest pain lasting more than two minutes.
D) sweating.

Question 26

Within the past ten years, researchers have determined that a high level of which compound may be related to an increased risk of coronary heart disease?

A) high sensitivity histidine
B) high sensitivity C-reactive protein
C) low- sensitivity C-reactive proline
D) low sensitivity C-reactive cysteine

Question 27

What role does cholesterol play in coronary heart disease?

A) High cholesterol levels are associated with atherosclerosis, which causes coronary heart disease.
B) Cholesterol attaches itself to internal heart structures, eventually causing blockages.
C) Excess cholesterol crowds out the "good" blood cells in coronary arteries.
D) Excess cholesterol interferes with the normal functioning of the heart.

Question 28

High-density lipoproteins are called "good cholesterol" because they

A) coat artery walls with a substance that resists plaque buildup.
B) reverse artery damage caused by low-density lipoproteins.
C) help to remove cholesterol from the bloodstream.
D) absorb low-density lipoproteins.

Question 29

A painful condition caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries is called

A) hypercholesterolemia.
B) angina pectoris.
C) hypertension.
D) angioplasty.

Question 30

Which of the following is TRUE regarding low-density lipoproteins? They

A) are a significant cause of atherosclerosis.
B) carry cholesterol back to the liver.
C) are related to a reduction in heart disease.
D) are increased in the bloodstream by exercise and monounsaturated fats.

Question 31

An angiogram is used to

A) identify coronary artery blockages.
B) gauge the progress of blood through the heart.
C) measure the strength of the patient's heartbeat.
D) measure the resistance to blood flow within coronary arteries.

Question 32

Rolanda's doctor tells her that something needs to be done to treat life-threatening blockages of several of her coronary arteries. Of the following, her doctor will most likely recommend

A) drug therapy.
B) bypass surgery.
C) an aspirin a day.
D) a heart transplant.

Question 33

A procedure to open blocked arteries by squeezing a tiny "balloon" between plaque deposits is called

A) coronary occlusion.
B) catheterization.
C) percutaneous coronary intervention.
D) bypass.

Question 34

In 2009, approximately _________ heart transplants were performed in the United States.

A) 4,500
B) 3,000
C) 2,200
D) 5,700

Question 35

Aspirin's effect on heart attack risk has traditionally been linked to its ability to

A) reduce the blood's clotting ability.
B) reduce stress in people who take it.
C) dilate the walls of coronary arteries.
D) relax the muscular bands around artery walls.

Question 36

A new class of drugs to prevent the formation of blood clots is called

A) calcium channel blockers.
B) beta blockers.
C) magnesium channel blockers.
D) platelet inhibitors.

Question 37

In a blood pressure reading, the systolic pressure measures pressure in the

A) heart when the blood is moving its fastest.
B) heart when blood vessels are fully dilated.
C) blood vessels when the heart contracts.
D) blood vessels when the heart relaxes.

Question 38

Hypertension is a(n)

A) consistently elevated blood pressure.
B) abnormal acceleration of the heart rate.
C) physiological reaction to a stressful environment.
D) constriction of blood vessels due to excess levels of dietary fat.

Question 39

Which of the following BEST describes the symptoms of hypertension?

A) a pain that begins in the chest or groin and radiates into the limbs
B) a feeling of dizziness when under stress
C) lack of noticeable symptoms
D) excessive fatigue and intermittent dizziness

Question 40

Reducing dietary salt is an effective way to reduce hypertension for

A) about one in twenty Americans.
B) about one in four Americans.
C) about one in ten Americans.
D) most Americans.

Question 41

Through a combination of weight loss, a low-fat diet, prescription drugs, and an exercise program, your mother has reduced her high blood pressure. When can she consider herself cured?

A) when she maintains a normal weight and a normal blood pressure for six months
B) when her blood pressure stays at 120/80 for more than six months
C) when prescription drugs are no longer needed
D) never

Question 42

Which of the following is a form of cardiovascular disease?

A) stroke
B) obesity
C) diabetes
D) menopause

Question 43

The most common type of stroke is

A) cerebral hemorrhage.
B) cerebrovascular occlusion.
C) cerebral aneurysm.
D) cerebral ischemic attack.

Question 44

Which of the following characterizes all strokes?

A) Blood vessels break.
B) Blood flow is blocked.
C) They occur in the brain.
D) They are preceded by hypertension.

Question 45

A condition called an aneurysm occurs when a

A) clot completely blocks blood flow through a cerebral artery.
B) weakened artery wall bulges out at the weak point.
C) section of brain tissue dies as the result of a stroke.
D) weakened artery begins to leak.

Question 46

Your father, who began to feel ill yesterday, found when he woke up this morning that he could barely move his right leg or arm. Of the following, he is most likely suffering from

A) a stroke.
B) hypertension.
C) a heart attack.
D) an arrhythmia.

Question 47

A transient ischemic attack is considered to be a warning sign for

A) congestive heart failure.
B) hypertension.
C) heart attack.
D) stroke.

Question 48

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate about the best available drug treatments for stroke? They can

A) do little to affect the long-term outcome.
B) reduce the severity of a stroke.
C) restore most damaged brain cells within two years.
D) relieve symptoms and stabilize the patient until the stroke has run its course.

Question 49

If a friend or family member has a stroke, it is important to get emergency medical help as soon as possible because

A) strokes are usually fatal.
B) prompt treatment can limit the damage.
C) heart attacks are more likely to occur after strokes.
D) rehabilitation should begin as soon as the stroke ends.

Question 50

Rubella can cause congenital defects in unborn children when

A) the mother contracts it during the last three months of her pregnancy.
B) the mother contracts it early in her pregnancy.
C) it occurs in conjunction with strep throat.
D) it develops into rheumatic fever.

Question 51

The most common treatment for congenital heart defects is

A) surgery.
B) drug therapy.
C) diet modification.
D) a program of limited activity.

Question 52

Which of the following begins as a streptococcal infection?

A) peripheral artery disease
B) congenital heart disease
C) rheumatic heart disease
D) congestive heart failure

Question 53

High blood pressure damages the heart by causing it to enlarge over time.

Question 54

The deposits on artery walls caused by atherosclerosis are called plaque.

Question 55

High levels of C-reactive protein are associated with a decreased risk of coronary heart disease.

Question 56

If you are over age 20, you should be concerned if your cholesterol level is 230 mg/dl.

Question 57

Most people can lower their serum cholesterol by 75 mg/dl with dietary changes.

Question 58

High HDL cholesterol readings are associated with a decrease in the development of atherosclerosis.

Question 59

Angina pectoris is caused by a lack of oxygen to the heart tissue.

Question 60

The purpose of coronary artery bypass surgery is to increase blood supply to the heart muscle.

Question 61

Angioplasty is used only for blocked arteries in the heart.

Question 62

The AHA states that there is no cardiovascular benefit to consuming one to two drinks per day.

Question 63

The incidence of hypertension is about the same in all ethnic groups.

Question 64

The risk of retinal hemorrhage (uncontrolled bleeding of retinal arteries) increases when hypertension develops.

Question 65

Several drug treatments are available to reduce the outward physical symptoms of hypertension.

Question 66

A type of stroke that results from an artery that bursts is called a cerebral hemorrhage.

Question 67

A risk factor for rheumatic heart disease is streptococcal infection.

Question 68

Congestive heart failure is a condition whereby the heart is squeezed by surrounding fatty tissue.

Question 69

The person most prone to arrhythmia is one with some form of heart disease.

Question 70

List the ten risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and indicate whether they are controllable, uncontrollable, or contributing.

Question 71

List and explain the surgical treatments for heart disease.

Question 72

Briefly describe hypertension and the dangers associated with it.

Question 73

List the different kinds of cerebrovascular accidents that are called strokes.

Question 74

List the warning signs associated with stroke.