Deck 3: Ordinary Personology: Figuring Out Why People Do What They Do

Question 1

What is ordinary personology?

Answer 1

the process by which ordinary people seek to understand the individual people around them.

Question 2

Hastorf & Cantril's classic study involving Dartmouth and Princeton football fans was a demonstration of what phenomenon?

Answer 2

selective interpretation

Question 3

What is naïve realism?

Answer 3

the notion that one sees the world objectively (even though others may not).

Question 4

What are some of the most frequently noted characteristics of person perception, that differ from mere object perception? Name at least 3.

Question 5

What is a need for closure, as it pertains to making sense of other people's actions?

Question 6

According to Pennebaker, Rimé, & Blankenship, across countries in the Northern Hemisphere, southerners, compared to northerners, are higher in what?

Question 7

What is nonverbal reciprocity?

Question 8

According to Heider, people's desire to see invariance in others refers to a desire to see what?

Question 9

Edward Jones' attribution theory, which focuses on how people try to decide that others' actions correspond to underlying intentions, is called

Question 10

If explanation for a behavior has two possible causes, the role of either cause is diminished. What is this called?

Question 11

The consequences of some actions are generally regarded as more pleasant than those of others. The ones that are generally held in high regard are to said to be high in what?

Question 12

When meeting new people, Dan always strives for an umambiguous, definitive understanding of their dispositions. As per the chapter, Dan is high in what?

Question 13

Charles loves to play the clarinet. One day, as a bonus, his friend Bob starts paying him $20 every week to hear him perform. After a few months, however, Bob decides to stop paying him, and subsequently Charles finds that he no longer enjoys playing the clarinet as much as he used to. What phenomenon can best explain this?

Question 14

What are the two factors in Schacter's theory of attributing emotion?

Question 15

The tendency for people to take personal credit for successes but blame the situation or other people for failures is called what?

Question 16

What is the tendency for people to "overestimate the importance of dispositional factors relative to environmental" influences called?

Question 17

Four phenomena describe the fact that people frequently attribute dispositions to explain other people's behavior: (1) the actor-observer effect, (2) the correspondence bias, (3) the fundamental attribution error, and (4) the under-use of consensus information, However, only one that states that people do not like to attribute dispositions to themselves. Which is it?

Question 18

The idea that people form rapid dispositional judgments by forming abstract representations is reflected in the phenomenon of what?

Question 19

What is the difference in beliefs between entity theorists and incremental theorists?

Question 20

What is the term for when people assign agency and experience to nonhuman objects?