Deck 8: Photosynthesis

Question 1

The chloroplast is a membrane-bound organelle that is surrounded by an outer membrane. Aside from the outer membrane of the chloroplast, how many other types of membranes can be found inside the chloroplast?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4

Answer 1

2

Question 2

Inside the chloroplast, where are organic molecules made?

A) On the thylakoid membrane
B) Inside the thylakoid
C) Between the outer and inner membranes
D) Stroma
E) On the cristae

Answer 2

Stroma

Question 3

Jan Baptista van Helmont did an important experiment related to photosynthesis. He weighed a small willow tree and a pot of soil. Jan then planted the tree in the pot. Over the course of five years, he added only water to the pot. At the end of five years, he weighed the tree and found that it had gained 74.4 kg. He weighed the soil, and it was only 57 g less. What do the results of this specific experiment demonstrate about what is needed for a plant to grow and increase its mass?

A) Plants must be able to increase their mass using substances in addition to what is found in soil.
B) Plants need oxygen to grow.
C) All of the food a plant needs to grow comes from the soil.
D) Plants do not need soil to grow.
E) All of the food a plant needs to grow comes from the water.

Answer 3

Plants must be able to increase their mass using substances in addition to what is found in soil.

Question 4

In his 1771 experiments, Joseph Priestly determined that plants added something to the air that allow an animal to survive. What do we now know that plants contribute to the air that is essential for animals (and other organisms)?

A) organic sugars
B) oxygen
C) carbon dioxide
D) water

Question 5

The aquatic plant Elodea is commonly used to study photosynthesis. You put some Elodea in a test tube, shine light on the plant, and count the bubbles that were released under varying conditions. Which results would you expect to see in your analysis of photosynthetic rate?

A) the number of bubbles increase indefinitely with increased illumination
B) as light intensity increases, the number of bubbles increase and then rapidly decrease
C) at high light intensities, the number of bubbles increase when the temperature is increased to human body temperature (37 degrees C)
D) at low light intensities, the number of bubbles increase as temperature increases and the number of bubbles decrease as carbon dioxide concentration decreases
E) at high light intensities, the number of bubbles increase as carbon dioxide concentration increases

Question 6

F. F. Blackman performed experiments to investigate the effects of various factors on photosynthesis. In one of his experiments, Blackman found that if light intensity was low that photosynthesis could be accelerated by increasing the amount of light, but not by increasing the temperature or carbon dioxide concentration. What can you conclude from this specific experiment?

A) Light is important for photosynthesis
B) Photosynthesis generates oxygen
C) High temperatures are important for photosynthesis
D) Carbon dioxide is important for photosynthesis

Question 7

The aquatic plant Elodea is commonly used to study photosynthesis. You put some Elodea in a test tube filled with water containing radiolabeled oxygen (¹⁸O), shine light on the test tube, and measure the rate of photosynthesis by counting oxygen bubbles released. At the end of your experiment, you would find the most ¹⁸O in

A) in ATP.
B) O₂.
C) carbon dioxide.
D) glucose.
E) in water for the most part, as water is not used in photosynthesis.

Question 8

In plants, production of NADPH

A) occurs during the Calvin cycle.
B) requires electrons originally found in water.
C) occurs in the absence of light.
D) requires the production of a proton gradient.

Question 9

Illuminated chloroplasts deprived of carbon dioxide

A) will make glucose, but will not produce ATP or NADH.
B) will accumulate ATP, NADPH, and not produce glucose.
C) will not make ATP, NADH, or glucose.
D) will not make ATP, but will make NADH and glucose.

Question 10

Visible light has a wavelength range of:

A) 400-740 nanometers.
B) 200-400 nanometers.
C) 0.001-100,000 nanometers.
D) 200-800 nanometers.
E) 200-740 nanometers.

Question 11

-Based on a variety of experiments, it is known that the rate of photosynthesis is highest when wavelengths of light between 400 and 500 nm are used, and when wavelengths around 700 nm are used. What can you infer about the relative importance of chlorophyll a and b in photosynthesis?

A) Absorption of light by chlorophyll a and b is essential for the process of photosynthesis
B) Reflection of light by chlorophyll a and b is essential for the process of photosynthesis
C) Transmission of light by chlorophyll a and b is essential for the process of photosynthesis
D) Chlorophyll a and b are much less important than other pigments in the reflection, absorption and transmission of light relevant to photosynthesis

Question 12

If chlorophyll a is blocked from absorbing light, what would be the effect on the ability of the plant to do photosynthesis?

A) The plant will have an enhanced ability to carry out light-independent reactions
B) The plant will have a decreased ability to carry out light-dependent reactions
C) The plant will have an enhanced ability to carry out light-dependent reactions
D) The plant's ability to carry out photosynthesis will be unchanged, as one of the accessory pigments can fill in for chlorophyll a

Question 13

Fall leaf color on deciduous trees is a result of

A) the reduction in the production of accessory pigments.
B) the production of more accessory pigments because of the cooler temperatures.
C) cessation of chlorophyll production, which allows the accessory pigments to be revealed.
D) the increased angle of the sun during the fall, which reflects more of the accessory pigments.

Question 14

Why may eating carrots be useful for enhancing vision?

A) High levels of beta-carotene can lead to the production of a pigment used in vision.
B) High levels of chlorophyll in carrots helps with photosynthesis in the eyes.
C) High levels of NADPH in carrots can allow vertebrate eyes to perform the light reactions.
D) High levels of carotenoids in carrots can allow vertebrate eyes to perform the dark reactions.

Question 15

In 1932, researchers Emerson and Arnold showed that the rate of photosynthesis saturated at a lower light intensity than expected for the number of individual chlorophyll molecules. From this observation they determined

A) that high light intensities destroyed most pigment molecules
B) that pigments were clustered in photosystems and they were measuring saturation of pigments in reaction centers
C) that plants must be able to fix carbon before their pigments can absorb light
D) that they had overestimated the number of chlorophyll molecules present in their test organism

Question 16

In photosynthesis, ATP is made by

A) chemiosmosis.
B) the passing of electrons from photosystem I to an electron transport chain.
C) the Calvin cycle.
D) the Krebs cycle.
E) glycolysis.

Question 17

A tomato plant is mutated with gamma radiation. A cellular analysis reveals that ATP synthase complexes found in the thylakoid membrane are inserted backwards into the membrane. What is the most likely outcome of this error?

A) The ATP synthase will pump protons into the stroma in this orientation
B) The proton gradient in the thylakoid space will not be able to be used to generate ATP
C) A proton gradient will not be established in the thylakoid space in response to the activation of photosystem II
D) The thylakoid membrane will become permeable to protons as a result of this change
E) This change is not likely to have any effect on the function of the ATP synthase enzyme with respect to its role in photosynthesis

Question 18

As electrons travel from the primary electron acceptor in photosystem II, down the electron transport chain to photosystem I, they drive the movement of protons from the stroma into the thylakoid compartment. Why is the development of this chemical gradient useful to photosynthesis?

A) The proton gradient can drive the production of ATP, which is needed for the light-independent reactions
B) Protons are directly used in the thylakoid to make glucose
C) This proton gradient is used to make NADPH, which is needed for the Calvin cycle
D) Protons provide the energy needed to drive the light-dependent reactions

Question 19

At night, the Calvin cycle in a C3 plant

A) cannot run, as it requires light energy directly.
B) uses a different source of carbon.
C) runs in a different place in the plant.
D) can still run as long as there is ATP, CO₂, and NADPH present.

Question 20

The ATP generated from cellular respiration is not sufficient to drive the Calvin cycle in plants, even if appropriate levels of NADPH and CO₂ are present. Why not?

A) Cellular respiration and photosynthesis do not happen in the same cells in plants.
B) Breaking down sugar to provide the energy needed to synthesize sugar would be a futile cycle.
C) Plants do not undergo cellular respiration.
D) The Calvin cycle requires more ATP than can possibly be made from cellular respiration.

Question 21

To replace fossil fuels, the world must find a way of producing fuel from renewable energy. One of the most promising fuels of the future is hydrogen, which could potentially be produced in algae using the power of sunlight. Green algae contain enzymes (hydrogenases) that can convert hydrogen ions (H⁺) and electrons to hydrogen gas (H₂). The hydrogen ions used by the hydrogenase come from

A) water.
B) ATP synthase.
C) organic sugars.
D) rubisco.
E) ATP.